{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T19:49:01Z","timestamp":1782244141795,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.111376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T19:30:26Z","timestamp":1782243026000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Frontal Sinus Dimensions and Forehead Prominence According to Sex and Skeletal Sagittal Patterns in Syrian Adults: A Cephalometric Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Malaak M","family":"Rasheed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulkarim T","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics. 6th Ed","author":"Proffit WR","year":"2019","unstructured":"Proffit WR, Fields HW, Larson B, Sarver DM. Contemporary Orthodontics. 6th Ed. Elsevier, St. Louis, MO; 2019."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03795-1","article-title":"A cross-sectional study: correlation of forehead morphology and dentoskeletal malocclusion in Chinese people","volume":"24","author":"Zheng X","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng X, Ding S, Mei Q, et al.. A cross-sectional study: correlation of forehead morphology and dentoskeletal malocclusion in Chinese people. BMC Oral Health. 2024, 24:50. 10.1186\/s12903-023-03795-1","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20817","article-title":"Frontal sinus ontogeny and covariation with bone structures in a modern human population","volume":"279","author":"Sardi ML","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sardi ML, Joosten GG, Pandiani CD, Gould MM, Anzelmo M, Ventrice F. Frontal sinus ontogeny and covariation with bone structures in a modern human population. J Morphol. 2018, 279:871-82. 10.1002\/jmor.20817","journal-title":"J Morphol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1637727","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of the upper face and forehead","volume":"34","author":"Garritano FG","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garritano FG, Quatela VC. Surgical anatomy of the upper face and forehead. Facial Plast Surg. 2018, 34:109-13. 10.1055\/s-0038-1637727","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.27652\/d.cnki.gzyku.2020.001522","article-title":"The Study of the Esthetic Evaluation in Facial Soft Tissue Profile and Its Sensitivity Indexs of Female in Northeast China","author":"Huijuan G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huijuan G. The Study of the Esthetic Evaluation in Facial Soft Tissue Profile and Its Sensitivity Indexs of Female in Northeast China. China Medical University, Shenyang, China; 2020. 10.27652\/d.cnki.gzyku.2020.001522"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.1999.2.2.49","article-title":"The emerging soft tissue paradigm in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning","volume":"2","author":"Ackerman JL","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ackerman JL, Proffit WR, Sarver DM. The emerging soft tissue paradigm in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Clin Orthod Res. 1999, 2:49-52. 10.1111\/ocr.1999.2.2.49","journal-title":"Clin Orthod Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23888","article-title":"Pediatric paranasal sinuses-development, growth, pathology, & functional endoscopic sinus surgery","volume":"35","author":"Lee S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee S, Fernandez J, Mirjalili SA, Kirkpatrick J. Pediatric paranasal sinuses-development, growth, pathology, &amp; functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Clin Anat. 2022, 35:745-61. 10.1002\/ca.23888","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13687","article-title":"Ontogenetic patterns in human frontal sinus shape: a longitudinal study using elliptical Fourier analysis","volume":"241","author":"Butaric LN","year":"2022","unstructured":"Butaric LN, Campbell JL, Fischer KM, Garvin HM. Ontogenetic patterns in human frontal sinus shape: a longitudinal study using elliptical Fourier analysis. J Anat. 2022, 241:195-210. 10.1111\/joa.13687","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1305-7456.202630","article-title":"Correlation between frontal sinus dimensions and cephalometric indices: a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Tehranchi A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tehranchi A, Motamedian SR, Saedi S, Kabiri S, Shidfar S. Correlation between frontal sinus dimensions and cephalometric indices: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Dent. 2017, 11:64-70. 10.4103\/1305-7456.202630","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26650\/eor.2022938080","article-title":"The relationship between frontal sinus dimensions and skeletal malocclusion","volume":"56","author":"Tunca M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tunca M, Kaplan V, Kaya Y, Tunca Y. The relationship between frontal sinus dimensions and skeletal malocclusion. Eur Oral Res. 2022, 56:130-5. 10.26650\/eor.2022938080","journal-title":"Eur Oral Res"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Introduction to the use of cephalometrics","author":"Kula K","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kula K, Ghoneima A. Introduction to the use of cephalometrics. Cephalometry in orthodontics: 2D and 3D. Kula K, Ghoneima A (ed): Quintessence Publishing Co Inc, Chicago, IL; 2018. 1-9."},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"The effects of forehead and neck position on esthetics of class I, II and III profiles","volume":"9","author":"Salehi P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salehi P, Oshagh M, Aleyasin ZS, Pakshir HR. The effects of forehead and neck position on esthetics of class I, II and III profiles. Int J Esthet Dent. 2014, 9:412-25.","journal-title":"Int J Esthet Dent"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345630420014701","article-title":"Variations in the growth pattern of the human mandible: longitudinal radiographic study by the implant method","volume":"42","author":"BJ A","year":"1963","unstructured":"BJ A. Variations in the growth pattern of the human mandible: longitudinal radiographic study by the implant method. J Dent Res. 1963, 42:400-11. 10.1177\/00220345630420014701","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(74)90269-3","article-title":"A cephalometric evaluation of the old Milwaukee brace and the modified Milwaukee brace in relation to the normal growing child","volume":"65","author":"Northway RO Jr","year":"1974","unstructured":"Northway RO Jr, Alexander RG, Riolo ML. A cephalometric evaluation of the old Milwaukee brace and the modified Milwaukee brace in relation to the normal growing child. Am J Orthod. 1974, 65:341-63. 10.1016\/0002-9416(74)90269-3","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.03.022","article-title":"Association between frontal sinus morphology and cervical vertebral maturation for the assessment of skeletal maturity","volume":"150","author":"Mahmood HT","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mahmood HT, Shaikh A, Fida M. Association between frontal sinus morphology and cervical vertebral maturation for the assessment of skeletal maturity. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016, 150:637-42. 10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.03.022","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ejd.ejd_345_17","article-title":"Cephalometric association of mandibular size\/length to the surface area and dimensions of the frontal and maxillary sinuses","volume":"12","author":"Yassaei S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yassaei S, Emami A, Mirbeigi S. Cephalometric association of mandibular size\/length to the surface area and dimensions of the frontal and maxillary sinuses. Eur J Dent. 2018, 12:253-61. 10.4103\/ejd.ejd_345_17","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"The possible effects of altitude and climate on the development of the frontal sinus in adults","volume":"35","author":"Asirdizer M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Asirdizer M, Tatlisumak E, Bora A. The possible effects of altitude and climate on the development of the frontal sinus in adults. Int Morphol. 2017, 35:571-7.","journal-title":"Int Morphol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-019-02063-8","article-title":"Sex estimation using external morphology of the frontal bone and frontal sinuses in a contemporary Czech population","volume":"133","author":"\u010cechov\u00e1 M","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u010cechov\u00e1 M, Dupej J, Br\u016f\u017eek J, Bejdov\u00e1 \u0160, Hor\u00e1k M, Velem\u00ednsk\u00e1 J. Sex estimation using external morphology of the frontal bone and frontal sinuses in a contemporary Czech population. Int J Legal Med. 2019, 133:1285-94. 10.1007\/s00414-019-02063-8","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2017.1.16218","article-title":"The effects of gender and age on forensic personal identification from frontal sinus in a Turkish population","volume":"38","author":"Tatlisumak E","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tatlisumak E, Asirdizer M, Bora A, Hekimoglu Y, Etli Y, Gumus O, Keskin S. The effects of gender and age on forensic personal identification from frontal sinus in a Turkish population. Saudi Med J. 2017, 38:41-7. 10.15537\/smj.2017.1.16218","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7126\/cumudj.777128","article-title":"Relationship of forehead aesthetics with frontal sinus size and skeletal malocclusions","volume":"23","author":"Camc\u0131 H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Camc\u0131 H. Relationship of forehead aesthetics with frontal sinus size and skeletal malocclusions. Cumhuriyet Dent J. 2020, 23:273-82. 10.7126\/cumudj.777128","journal-title":"Cumhuriyet Dent J"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-020-00557-9","article-title":"Frontal sinus: is it a predictor for vertical malocclusions?","volume":"96","author":"Metin-G\u00fcrsoy G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Metin-G\u00fcrsoy G, Akay G, Balo\u015f Tuncer B. Frontal sinus: is it a predictor for vertical malocclusions?. Anat Sci Int. 2021, 96:62-9. 10.1007\/s12565-020-00557-9","journal-title":"Anat Sci Int"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.24.4.063-072.oar","article-title":"Relationship between skeletal Class II and Class III malocclusions with vertical skeletal pattern","volume":"24","author":"Plaza SP","year":"2019","unstructured":"Plaza SP, Reimpell A, Silva J, Montoya D. Relationship between skeletal Class II and Class III malocclusions with vertical skeletal pattern. Dental Press J Orthod. 2019, 24:63-72. 10.1590\/2177-6709.24.4.063-072.oar","journal-title":"Dental Press J Orthod"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/503819-frontal-sinus-dimensions-and-forehead-prominence-according-to-sex-and-skeletal-sagittal-patterns-in-syrian-adults-a-cephalometric-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T19:30:27Z","timestamp":1782243027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/503819-frontal-sinus-dimensions-and-forehead-prominence-according-to-sex-and-skeletal-sagittal-patterns-in-syrian-adults-a-cephalometric-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"references-count":22,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.111376","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]}}}