{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T01:01:33Z","timestamp":1790298093961,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.111469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T11:19:44Z","timestamp":1782386384000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metabolic Dysfunction in Psychiatric Disorders: A Narrative Review of Shared Pathways Between Mental Illness and Cardiometabolic Disease"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Pooja","family":"Mohanty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsin","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumar","family":"Sambhav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sruthi","family":"S","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niraj","family":"Lodha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shraddha","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.3436","article-title":"Dissecting the association between inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and specific depressive symptoms: a genetic correlation and 2-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"78","author":"Kappelmann N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kappelmann N, Arloth J, Georgakis MK, et al.. Dissecting the association between inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and specific depressive symptoms: a genetic correlation and 2-sample Mendelian randomization study. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021, 78:161-70. 10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.3436","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100992","article-title":"Role of inflammation in depression and anxiety: tests for disorder specificity, linearity and potential causality of association in the UK Biobank","volume":"38","author":"Ye Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ye Z, Kappelmann N, Moser S, Davey Smith G, Burgess S, Jones PB, Khandaker GM. Role of inflammation in depression and anxiety: tests for disorder specificity, linearity and potential causality of association in the UK Biobank. EClinicalMedicine. 2021, 38:100992. 10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100992","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-05639-w","article-title":"Impacts of inflammatory cytokines on depression: a cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Liu F","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu F, Yang Y, Fan XW, et al.. Impacts of inflammatory cytokines on depression: a cohort study. BMC Psychiatry. 2024, 24:195. 10.1186\/s12888-024-05639-w","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-00867-4","article-title":"The longitudinal associations of inflammatory biomarkers and depression revisited: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"26","author":"Mac Giollabhui N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mac Giollabhui N, Ng TH, Ellman LM, Alloy LB. The longitudinal associations of inflammatory biomarkers and depression revisited: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Mol Psychiatry. 2021, 26:3302-14. 10.1038\/s41380-020-00867-4","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.focus.19103","article-title":"The impact of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to improve physical health outcomes in people with schizophrenia: a meta-review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials","volume":"19","author":"Vancampfort D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vancampfort D, Firth J, Correll CU, et al.. The impact of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to improve physical health outcomes in people with schizophrenia: a meta-review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ). 2021, 19:116-28. 10.1176\/appi.focus.19103","journal-title":"Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116228","article-title":"Impact of mental disorders on the all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease outcomes in adults with new-onset type 1 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"342","author":"Kim S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim S, Kim G, Cho SH, et al.. Impact of mental disorders on the all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease outcomes in adults with new-onset type 1 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study. Psychiatry Res. 2024, 342:116228. 10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116228","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1915784","article-title":"Association between mental disorders and subsequent medical conditions","volume":"382","author":"Momen NC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Momen NC, Plana-Ripoll O, Agerbo E, et al.. Association between mental disorders and subsequent medical conditions. N Engl J Med. 2020, 382:1721-31. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1915784","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6623-6","article-title":"Co-morbidities of mental disorders and chronic physical diseases in developing and emerging countries: a meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Dar\u00e9 LO","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dar\u00e9 LO, Bruand PE, G\u00e9rard D, Marin B, Lameyre V, Boum\u00e9di\u00e8ne F, Preux PM. Co-morbidities of mental disorders and chronic physical diseases in developing and emerging countries: a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2019, 19:304. 10.1186\/s12889-019-6623-6","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840.2019.1642425","article-title":"Health effects of an individualized lifestyle intervention for people with psychotic disorders in psychiatric outpatient services: a two year follow-up","volume":"40","author":"Blomqvist M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Blomqvist M, Ivarsson A, Carlsson IM, Sandgren A, Jormfeldt H. Health effects of an individualized lifestyle intervention for people with psychotic disorders in psychiatric outpatient services: a two year follow-up. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2019, 40:839-50. 10.1080\/01612840.2019.1642425","journal-title":"Issues Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005563","article-title":"Increased cardiovascular disease risk in veterans with mental illness","volume":"12","author":"Vance MC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vance MC, Wiitala WL, Sussman JB, Pfeiffer P, Hayward RA. Increased cardiovascular disease risk in veterans with mental illness. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2019, 12:e005563. 10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005563","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.12.010","article-title":"Antipsychotics and mortality in a nationwide cohort of 29,823 patients with schizophrenia","volume":"197","author":"Taipale H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taipale H, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Alexanderson K, et al.. Antipsychotics and mortality in a nationwide cohort of 29,823 patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2018, 197:274-80.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30078-0","article-title":"Years of potential life lost and life expectancy in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Hjorth\u00f8j C","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hjorth\u00f8j C, St\u00fcrup AE, McGrath JJ, Nordentoft M. Years of potential life lost and life expectancy in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2017, 4:295-301. 10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30078-0","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14789949.2020.1859588","article-title":"The prevalence of cardiometabolic disease in people with psychotic disorders in secure settings - a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Ma T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma T, Mackinnon T, Dean K. The prevalence of cardiometabolic disease in people with psychotic disorders in secure settings - a systematic review. J Forensic Psychiatry Psychol. 2021, 32:281-307. 10.1080\/14789949.2020.1859588","journal-title":"J Forensic Psychiatry Psychol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30132-4","article-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry Commission: a blueprint for protecting physical health in people with mental illness","volume":"6","author":"Firth J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Firth J, Siddiqi N, Koyanagi AI, et al.. The Lancet Psychiatry Commission: a blueprint for protecting physical health in people with mental illness. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019, 6:675-712. 10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30132-4","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2018.20.1\/bpenninx","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in psychiatric patients: overview, mechanisms, and implications","volume":"20","author":"Penninx BW","year":"2018","unstructured":"Penninx BW, Lange SM. Metabolic syndrome in psychiatric patients: overview, mechanisms, and implications. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2018, 20:63-73. 10.31887\/DCNS.2018.20.1\/bpenninx","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30097-4","article-title":"Ethnicity and excess mortality in severe mental illness: a cohort study","volume":"4","author":"Das-Munshi J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Das-Munshi J, Chang CK, Dutta R, Morgan C, Nazroo J, Stewart R, Prince MJ. Ethnicity and excess mortality in severe mental illness: a cohort study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2017, 4:389-99. 10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30097-4","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20390","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk and incidence of depression in young and older adults: evidence from the SUN cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Molero P","year":"2017","unstructured":"Molero P, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Ruiz-Canela M, Lahortiga F, S\u00e1nchez-Villegas A, Perez-Cornago A, Gea A. Cardiovascular risk and incidence of depression in young and older adults: evidence from the SUN cohort study. World Psychiatry. 2017, 16:111. 10.1002\/wps.20390","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2022.10.005","article-title":"Association of comorbid mental disorders with cardiovascular disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"79","author":"Kim H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim H, Lee KN, Shin DW, Han K, Jeon HJ. Association of comorbid mental disorders with cardiovascular disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2022, 79:33-41. 10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2022.10.005","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa137","article-title":"Excess mortality and life-years lost in people with schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses: an 11-year population-based cohort study","volume":"47","author":"Yung NC","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yung NC, Wong CS, Chan JK, Chen EY, Chang WC. Excess mortality and life-years lost in people with schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses: an 11-year population-based cohort study. Schizophr Bull. 2021, 47:474-84. 10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa137","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and late-life depression: a two year population based longitudinal study","volume":"90","author":"Kim JM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim JM, Stewart R, Kim JW, et al.. Changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and late-life depression: a two year population based longitudinal study. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2018, 90:85-91.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2025.1538026","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and stress-induced pathophysiology in major depressive disorder: mechanisms and therapeutic implications","volume":"19","author":"Zhao K","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao K, Zhang Y, Yang S, et al.. Neuroinflammation and stress-induced pathophysiology in major depressive disorder: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Front Cell Neurosci. 2025, 19:1538026. 10.3389\/fncel.2025.1538026","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0570-y","article-title":"Inflammation-related biomarkers in major psychiatric disorders: a cross-disorder assessment of reproducibility and specificity in 43 meta-analyses","volume":"9","author":"Yuan N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yuan N, Chen Y, Xia Y, Dai J, Liu C. Inflammation-related biomarkers in major psychiatric disorders: a cross-disorder assessment of reproducibility and specificity in 43 meta-analyses. Transl Psychiatry. 2019, 9:233. 10.1038\/s41398-019-0570-y","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101112","article-title":"Insulin and obesity transform hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stemness and function in a hyperactive state","volume":"43","author":"Werdermann M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Werdermann M, Berger I, Scriba LD, et al.. Insulin and obesity transform hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stemness and function in a hyperactive state. Mol Metab. 2021, 43:101112. 10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101112","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.001","article-title":"Racial discrimination, educational attainment, and biological dysregulation among midlife African American women","volume":"99","author":"Allen AM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Allen AM, Thomas MD, Michaels EK, et al.. Racial discrimination, educational attainment, and biological dysregulation among midlife African American women. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2019, 99:225-35. 10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.001","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2012.12.004","article-title":"Review on depression and coronary heart disease","volume":"106","author":"Chauvet-G\u00e9linier JC","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chauvet-G\u00e9linier JC, Trojak B, Verg\u00e8s-Patois B, Cottin Y, Bonin B. Review on depression and coronary heart disease. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2013, 106:103-10. 10.1016\/j.acvd.2012.12.004","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02031","article-title":"Stress and inflammation in coronary artery disease: a review psychoneuroendocrineimmunology-based","volume":"9","author":"Fioranelli M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fioranelli M, Bottaccioli AG, Bottaccioli F, Bianchi M, Rovesti M, Roccia MG. Stress and inflammation in coronary artery disease: a review psychoneuroendocrineimmunology-based. Front Immunol. 2018, 9:2031. 10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02031","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-0722-z","article-title":"Psychological and personality factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus, presenting the rationale and exploratory results from The Maastricht Study, a population-based cohort study","volume":"16","author":"van Dooren FE","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Dooren FE, Denollet J, Verhey FR, et al.. Psychological and personality factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus, presenting the rationale and exploratory results from The Maastricht Study, a population-based cohort study. BMC Psychiatry. 2016, 16:17. 10.1186\/s12888-016-0722-z","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30262-0","article-title":"The association between first-episode psychosis and abnormal glycaemic control: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Perry BI","year":"2016","unstructured":"Perry BI, McIntosh G, Weich S, Singh S, Rees K. The association between first-episode psychosis and abnormal glycaemic control: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016, 3:1049-58. 10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30262-0","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101166","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and insulin resistance in major depression and bipolar disorder: implications for clinical trials evaluating immunometabolic targeted therapies","volume":"51","author":"van Bruggen FH","year":"2026","unstructured":"van Bruggen FH, McIntyre RS. Neuroinflammation and insulin resistance in major depression and bipolar disorder: implications for clinical trials evaluating immunometabolic targeted therapies. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2026, 51:101166. 10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101166","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-06225-0","article-title":"Glucose homeostasis and cognitive functions in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Kancsev A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kancsev A, Vir\u00e1g-Tulassay E\u00c9, Engh MA, Kiss-Dala S, Horv\u00e1th AA, Hegyi P, K\u00e9ri S. Glucose homeostasis and cognitive functions in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2025, 15:22898. 10.1038\/s41598-025-06225-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1802167","article-title":"The associations of systemic inflammation and insulin resistance-related indicators with psychopathology and BDNF in patients with chronic schizophrenia","volume":"17","author":"Tian Y","year":"2026","unstructured":"Tian Y, Zhuang Y, Sun L, et al.. The associations of systemic inflammation and insulin resistance-related indicators with psychopathology and BDNF in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry. 2026, 17:1802167. 10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1802167","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.08.027","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in psychiatric disorders","volume":"273","author":"Ni P","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ni P, Ma Y, Chung S. Mitochondrial dysfunction in psychiatric disorders. Schizophr Res. 2024, 273:62-77. 10.1016\/j.schres.2022.08.027","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36180\/2421-4469-2025-653","article-title":"Future research perspectives on energy metabolism and mood disorders: a brief narrative review on metabolic status, mitochondrial hypothesis and potential biomarkers","volume":"11","author":"Socci V","year":"2025","unstructured":"Socci V, Fagnani L, Barlattani T, Celenza G, Rossi A, Pacitti F. Future research perspectives on energy metabolism and mood disorders: a brief narrative review on metabolic status, mitochondrial hypothesis and potential biomarkers. Ital J Psychiatry. 2025, 11:52-63. 10.36180\/2421-4469-2025-653","journal-title":"Ital J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1112363","article-title":"The impact of oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction on diabetic microvascular complications","volume":"14","author":"Zhang Z","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Huang Q, Zhao D, Lian F, Li X, Qi W. The impact of oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction on diabetic microvascular complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023, 14:1112363. 10.3389\/fendo.2023.1112363","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104892","article-title":"Emerging roles of brain metabolism in cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"142","author":"Morella IM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Morella IM, Brambilla R, Mor\u00e8 L. Emerging roles of brain metabolism in cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022, 142:104892. 10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104892","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15457-9","article-title":"Metagenome-wide association of gut microbiome\u00a0features for schizophrenia","volume":"11","author":"Zhu F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu F, Ju Y, Wang W, et al.. Metagenome-wide association of gut microbiome\u00a0features for schizophrenia. Nat Commun. 2020, 11:1612. 10.1038\/s41467-020-15457-9","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34502-3","article-title":"Gut microbiome-wide association study of depressive symptoms","volume":"13","author":"Radjabzadeh D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Radjabzadeh D, Bosch JA, Uitterlinden AG, et al.. Gut microbiome-wide association study of depressive symptoms. Nat Commun. 2022, 13:7128. 10.1038\/s41467-022-34502-3","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19585969.2026.2637716","article-title":"Unravelling the role of the gut microbiome in antipsychotic-induced weight gain and metabolic dysfunction in humans and rodents: a systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Tufvesson-Alm M","year":"2026","unstructured":"Tufvesson-Alm M, Walsh L, Pierce S, et al.. Unravelling the role of the gut microbiome in antipsychotic-induced weight gain and metabolic dysfunction in humans and rodents: a systematic review. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2026, 28:131-44. 10.1080\/19585969.2026.2637716","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-05969-9","article-title":"Gut microbiome and metabolism alterations in schizophrenia with metabolic syndrome severity","volume":"24","author":"Zhao H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao H, Zhu G, Zhu T, et al.. Gut microbiome and metabolism alterations in schizophrenia with metabolic syndrome severity. BMC Psychiatry. 2024, 24:529. 10.1186\/s12888-024-05969-9","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30416-X","article-title":"Comparative effects of 18 antipsychotics on metabolic function in patients with schizophrenia, predictors of metabolic dysregulation, and association with psychopathology: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Pillinger T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pillinger T, McCutcheon RA, Vano L, et al.. Comparative effects of 18 antipsychotics on metabolic function in patients with schizophrenia, predictors of metabolic dysregulation, and association with psychopathology: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020, 7:64-77. 10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30416-X","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01997-8","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 32 oral and long-acting injectable antipsychotics for the maintenance treatment of adults with schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"399","author":"Schneider-Thoma J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schneider-Thoma J, Chalkou K, D\u00f6rries C, et al.. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 32 oral and long-acting injectable antipsychotics for the maintenance treatment of adults with schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet. 2022, 399:824-36. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01997-8","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-018-0053-9","article-title":"Risk of weight gain for specific antipsychotic drugs: a meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Spertus J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Spertus J, Horvitz-Lennon M, Abing H, Normand SL. Risk of weight gain for specific antipsychotic drugs: a meta-analysis. NPJ Schizophr. 2018, 4:12. 10.1038\/s41537-018-0053-9","journal-title":"NPJ Schizophr"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbae205","article-title":"Metformin for the prevention of antipsychotic-induced weight gain: guideline development and consensus validation","volume":"51","author":"Carolan A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Carolan A, Hynes-Ryan C, Agarwal SM, et al.. Metformin for the prevention of antipsychotic-induced weight gain: guideline development and consensus validation. Schizophr Bull. 2025, 51:1193-205. 10.1093\/schbul\/sbae205","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.focus.2023.100074","article-title":"Physical activity and depression and anxiety disorders: a systematic review of reviews and assessment of causality","volume":"2","author":"Wanjau MN","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wanjau MN, M\u00f6ller H, Haigh F, Milat A, Hayek R, Lucas P, Veerman JL. Physical activity and depression and anxiety disorders: a systematic review of reviews and assessment of causality. AJPM Focus. 2023, 2:100074. 10.1016\/j.focus.2023.100074","journal-title":"AJPM Focus"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13591053241227384","article-title":"Effectiveness of lifestyle intervention on prevention\/management of antipsychotic-induced weight gain among persons with severe mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Mohanty K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohanty K, Gandhi S, Krishna Prasad M, John AP, Bhaskarapillai B, Malo P, Thirthalli J. Effectiveness of lifestyle intervention on prevention\/management of antipsychotic-induced weight gain among persons with severe mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Health Psychol. 2024, 29:690-706. 10.1177\/13591053241227384","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2310-5","article-title":"Multimodal lifestyle intervention using a web-based tool to improve cardiometabolic health in patients with serious mental illness: results of a cluster randomized controlled trial (LION)","volume":"19","author":"Looijmans A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Looijmans A, J\u00f6rg F, Bruggeman R, Schoevers RA, Corpeleijn E. Multimodal lifestyle intervention using a web-based tool to improve cardiometabolic health in patients with serious mental illness: results of a cluster randomized controlled trial (LION). BMC Psychiatry. 2019, 19:339. 10.1186\/s12888-019-2310-5","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-12-78","article-title":"Health promotion lifestyle interventions for weight management in psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Bonfioli E","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bonfioli E, Berti L, Goss C, Muraro F, Burti L. Health promotion lifestyle interventions for weight management in psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMC Psychiatry. 2012, 12:78. 10.1186\/1471-244X-12-78","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/499861-metabolic-dysfunction-in-psychiatric-disorders-a-narrative-review-of-shared-pathways-between-mental-illness-and-cardiometabolic-disease","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T11:19:46Z","timestamp":1782386386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/499861-metabolic-dysfunction-in-psychiatric-disorders-a-narrative-review-of-shared-pathways-between-mental-illness-and-cardiometabolic-disease"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"references-count":47,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.111469","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]}}}