{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T09:50:39Z","timestamp":1782467439994,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.111535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T09:44:36Z","timestamp":1782467076000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) Levels in Unexplained Early Pregnancy Loss: A Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Mahantesh","family":"BB","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilima","family":"Dongre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashalata","family":"Mallapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoy004","article-title":"ESHRE guideline: recurrent pregnancy loss","volume":"2018","author":"Bender Atik R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bender Atik R, Christiansen OB, Elson J, et al.. ESHRE guideline: recurrent pregnancy loss. Hum Reprod Open. 2018, 2018:hoy004. 10.1093\/hropen\/hoy004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Open"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000214","article-title":"Recurrent pregnancy loss: generally accepted causes and their management","volume":"59","author":"Kaiser J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaiser J, Branch DW. Recurrent pregnancy loss: generally accepted causes and their management. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2016, 59:464-73. 10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000214","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000005750","article-title":"A new tool for estimating the number of pregnant people in the United States","volume":"145","author":"Strid P","year":"2025","unstructured":"Strid P, Simeone RM, Hall R, et al.. A new tool for estimating the number of pregnant people in the United States. Obstet Gynecol. 2025, 145:e11-3. 10.1097\/AOG.0000000000005750","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082892","article-title":"Reduction of in vivo placental amino acid transport precedes the development of intrauterine growth restriction in the non-human primate","volume":"13","author":"Rosario FJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rosario FJ, Kramer A, Li C, et al.. Reduction of in vivo placental amino acid transport precedes the development of intrauterine growth restriction in the non-human primate. Nutrients. 2021, 13:10.3390\/nu13082892","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.847136","article-title":"Folic acid levels during pregnancy regulate trophoblast invasive behavior and the possible development of preeclampsia","volume":"9","author":"Rahat B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rahat B, Hamid A, Bagga R, Kaur J. Folic acid levels during pregnancy regulate trophoblast invasive behavior and the possible development of preeclampsia. Front Nutr. 2022, 9:847136. 10.3389\/fnut.2022.847136","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192363","article-title":"Lyophilized plasma attenuates vascular permeability, inflammation and lung injury in hemorrhagic shock","volume":"13","author":"Pati S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pati S, Peng Z, Wataha K, et al.. Lyophilized plasma attenuates vascular permeability, inflammation and lung injury in hemorrhagic shock. PLoS One. 2018, 13:e0192363. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0192363","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-022-01310-7","article-title":"Recent progress on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors with dual targeting capabilities for tumor therapy","volume":"15","author":"Liu Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Y, Li Y, Wang Y, et al.. Recent progress on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors with dual targeting capabilities for tumor therapy. J Hematol Oncol. 2022, 15:89. 10.1186\/s13045-022-01310-7","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.021","article-title":"VEGF in signaling and disease: beyond discovery and development","volume":"176","author":"Apte RS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Apte RS, Chen DS, Ferrara N. VEGF in signaling and disease: beyond discovery and development. Cell. 2019, 176:1248-64. 10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2017.09.009","article-title":"Pravastatin to treat and prevent preeclampsia. Preclinical and clinical studies","volume":"124","author":"Girardi G","year":"2017","unstructured":"Girardi G. Pravastatin to treat and prevent preeclampsia. Preclinical and clinical studies. J Reprod Immunol. 2017, 124:15-20. 10.1016\/j.jri.2017.09.009","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14647273.2022.2040749","article-title":"Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), placental growth factor (PlGF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in serum from women undergoing frozen embryo transfer","volume":"26","author":"Guo X","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo X, Wang CC, Chung JP, et al.. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), placental growth factor (PlGF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in serum from women undergoing frozen embryo transfer. Hum Fertil (Camb). 2023, 26:987-97. 10.1080\/14647273.2022.2040749","journal-title":"Hum Fertil (Camb)"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2018.10.015","article-title":"Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in proinflammatory cytokine-mediated inhibition of trophoblast invasion in placenta-related complications of pregnancy","volume":"189","author":"Lee CL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee CL, Veerbeek JH, Rana TK, et al.. Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in proinflammatory cytokine-mediated inhibition of trophoblast invasion in placenta-related complications of pregnancy. Am J Pathol. 2019, 189:467-78. 10.1016\/j.ajpath.2018.10.015","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-05448-1","article-title":"FtMt reduces oxidative stress-induced trophoblast cell dysfunction via the HIF-1\u03b1\/VEGF signaling pathway","volume":"23","author":"Xu X","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu X, Ye X, Zhu M, et al.. FtMt reduces oxidative stress-induced trophoblast cell dysfunction via the HIF-1\u03b1\/VEGF signaling pathway. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023, 23:131. 10.1186\/s12884-023-05448-1","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214187","article-title":"sFlt-1 in chronic kidney disease: friend or foe?","volume":"23","author":"Matsui M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Matsui M, Onoue K, Saito Y. sFlt-1 in chronic kidney disease: friend or foe?. Int J Mol Sci. 2022, 23:10.3390\/ijms232214187","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-019-01431-y","article-title":"Association of genetic polymorphism of vascular endothelial growth factor in the etiology of recurrent pregnancy loss: a triad study","volume":"36","author":"Vidyadhari M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vidyadhari M, Sujatha M, Krupa P, et al.. Association of genetic polymorphism of vascular endothelial growth factor in the etiology of recurrent pregnancy loss: a triad study. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2019, 36:979-88. 10.1007\/s10815-019-01431-y","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22074\/cellj.2015.498","article-title":"Gene expression analysis of VEGF and its receptors and assessment of its serum level in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion","volume":"16","author":"Amirchaghmaghi E","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amirchaghmaghi E, Rezaei A, Moini A, et al.. Gene expression analysis of VEGF and its receptors and assessment of its serum level in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. Cell J. 2015, 16:538-45. 10.22074\/cellj.2015.498","journal-title":"Cell J"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-018-1097-5","article-title":"Case control study to compare serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) compared to women with term pregnancy","volume":"69","author":"Gupta P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gupta P, Deo S, Jaiswar SP, Sankhwar PL. Case control study to compare serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) compared to women with term pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2019, 69:95-102. 10.1007\/s13224-018-1097-5","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol India"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2021.08.009","article-title":"Implications of VEGF gene sequence variations and its expression in recurrent pregnancy loss","volume":"43","author":"Amin I","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amin I, Pandith AA, Manzoor U, et al.. Implications of VEGF gene sequence variations and its expression in recurrent pregnancy loss. Reprod Biomed Online. 2021, 43:1035-44. 10.1016\/j.rbmo.2021.08.009","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32792\/jeps.v14i1.394","article-title":"Effect of polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-\u03b21) in women with recurrent miscarriage","volume":"14","author":"Gataa Washel W","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gataa Washel W, Raysan Mobarak H, Mizhir Mousa H. Effect of polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-\u03b21) in women with recurrent miscarriage. J Educ Pharm Sci. 2024, 14:10.32792\/jeps.v14i1.394","journal-title":"J Educ Pharm Sci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev070","article-title":"Early pregnancy maternal and fetal angiogenic factors and fetal and childhood growth: the generation R study","volume":"30","author":"Bergen NE","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bergen NE, Bouwland-Both MI, Steegers-Theunissen RP, et al.. Early pregnancy maternal and fetal angiogenic factors and fetal and childhood growth: the generation R study. Hum Reprod. 2015, 30:1302-13. 10.1093\/humrep\/dev070","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.01.002","article-title":"Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and factor VIII in the gilt placenta and its relation to fetal development","volume":"92","author":"Guimar\u00e3es GC","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guimar\u00e3es GC, Alves LA, Betarelli RP, et al.. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and factor VIII in the gilt placenta and its relation to fetal development. Theriogenology. 2017, 92:63-8. 10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.01.002","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010285","article-title":"Immunohistochemical study on the expression of G-CSF, G-CSFR, VEGF, VEGFR-1, Foxp3 in first trimester trophoblast of recurrent pregnancy loss in pregnancies treated with G-CSF and controls","volume":"21","author":"Scarpellini F","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scarpellini F, Klinger FG, Rossi G, Sbracia M. Immunohistochemical study on the expression of G-CSF, G-CSFR, VEGF, VEGFR-1, Foxp3 in first trimester trophoblast of recurrent pregnancy loss in pregnancies treated with G-CSF and controls. Int J Mol Sci. 2019, 21:10.3390\/ijms21010285","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2023.12228","article-title":"Association of serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor in early threatened abortion and premature delivery: a case\u2011control study","volume":"26","author":"Zhang P","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang P, Jin Y, Hu X. Association of serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor in early threatened abortion and premature delivery: a case\u2011control study. Exp Ther Med. 2023, 26:529. 10.3892\/etm.2023.12228","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-024-01289-5","article-title":"Discussion on the evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of uterine artery blood flow parameters and serum PLGF and sFlt-1 in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion","volume":"22","author":"Lian X","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lian X, Zhong Y, Zhou Y, et al.. Discussion on the evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of uterine artery blood flow parameters and serum PLGF and sFlt-1 in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2024, 22:119. 10.1186\/s12958-024-01289-5","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/500563-evaluation-of-serum-vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-vegf-and-placental-growth-factor-plgf-levels-in-unexplained-early-pregnancy-loss-a-case-control-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T09:44:37Z","timestamp":1782467077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/500563-evaluation-of-serum-vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-vegf-and-placental-growth-factor-plgf-levels-in-unexplained-early-pregnancy-loss-a-case-control-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"references-count":23,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.111535","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]}}}