{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T10:50:09Z","timestamp":1782903009662,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.111868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T10:27:18Z","timestamp":1782901638000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Geographical Living Settings, Lifestyle Behaviors, and the Prevalence of Prediabetes or Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Community-Based Study in Northern Ibaraki, Japan"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Constanza I","family":"Bravo Cabrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Wagatsuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urme","family":"Binte Sayeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(25)00299-2","article-title":"11th edition of the IDF Diabetes Atlas: global, regional, and national diabetes prevalence estimates for 2024 and projections for 2050","volume":"14","author":"Genitsaridi I","year":"2026","unstructured":"Genitsaridi I, Salpea P, Salim A, et al.. 11th edition of the IDF Diabetes Atlas: global, regional, and national diabetes prevalence estimates for 2024 and projections for 2050. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2026, 14:149-56. 10.1016\/S2213-8587(25)00299-2","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"The National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS), Japan 2019. (2020). Accessed. March 11, 2026: https:\/\/www.nibn.go.jp\/eiken\/kenkounippon21\/download_files\/eiyouchousa\/2019.pdf."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.03.011","article-title":"Trends in prevalence and management of diabetes and related vascular risks in Japanese adults: Japan National Health and Nutrition Surveys 2003-2012","volume":"127","author":"Ikeda N","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ikeda N, Nishi N, Noda H, Noda M. Trends in prevalence and management of diabetes and related vascular risks in Japanese adults: Japan National Health and Nutrition Surveys 2003-2012. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017, 127:115-22. 10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.03.011","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.2004","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus, the fastest growing global public health concern: early detection should be focused","volume":"7","author":"Hossain MJ","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hossain MJ, Al-Mamun M, Islam MR. Diabetes mellitus, the fastest growing global public health concern: early detection should be focused. Health Sci Rep. 2024, 7:e2004. 10.1002\/hsr2.2004","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13306","article-title":"Japanese clinical practice guideline for diabetes 2019","volume":"11","author":"Araki E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Araki E, Goto A, Kondo T, et al.. Japanese clinical practice guideline for diabetes 2019. J Diabetes Investig. 2020, 11:1020-76. 10.1111\/jdi.13306","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14325","article-title":"Current trends in diabetes mellitus database research in Japan","volume":"23","author":"Kohsaka S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kohsaka S, Morita N, Okami S, Kidani Y, Yajima T. Current trends in diabetes mellitus database research in Japan. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2021, 23:3-18. 10.1111\/dom.14325","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci20-0053","article-title":"Social determinants of health and diabetes: a scientific review","volume":"44","author":"Hill-Briggs F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hill-Briggs F, Adler NE, Berkowitz SA, et al.. Social determinants of health and diabetes: a scientific review. Diabetes Care. 2020, 44:258-79. 10.2337\/dci20-0053","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0997-z","article-title":"Built environmental characteristics and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"den Braver NR","year":"2018","unstructured":"den Braver NR, Lakerveld J, Rutters F, Schoonmade LJ, Brug J, Beulens JW. Built environmental characteristics and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2018, 16:12. 10.1186\/s12916-017-0997-z","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2022.101050","article-title":"The association between neighborhood social and economic environment and prevalent diabetes in urban and rural communities: the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study","volume":"17","author":"Uddin J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Uddin J, Malla G, Long DL, et al.. The association between neighborhood social and economic environment and prevalent diabetes in urban and rural communities: the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. SSM Popul Health. 2022, 17:101050. 10.1016\/j.ssmph.2022.101050","journal-title":"SSM Popul Health"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2005.01558.x","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes in rural and urban population: diverse prevalence and associated risk factors in Bangladesh","volume":"22","author":"Hussain A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hussain A, Rahim MA, Azad Khan AK, Ali SM, Vaaler S. Type 2 diabetes in rural and urban population: diverse prevalence and associated risk factors in Bangladesh. Diabet Med. 2005, 22:931-6. 10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2005.01558.x","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020406","article-title":"Urban-rural differences in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among 25-74 year-old adults of the Yangon Region, Myanmar: two cross-sectional studies","volume":"8","author":"Aung WP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aung WP, Htet AS, Bjertness E, Stigum H, Chongsuvivatwong V, Kj\u00f8llesdal MK. Urban-rural differences in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among 25-74 year-old adults of the Yangon Region, Myanmar: two cross-sectional studies. BMJ Open. 2018, 8:e020406. 10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020406","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12982-025-00426-8","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Ali M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ali M, Alam MM, Rifat MA, et al.. Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Discov Public Health. 2025, 22:39. 10.1186\/s12982-025-00426-8","journal-title":"Discov Public Health"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2012.05.029","article-title":"Rural-urban disparities in the prevalence of diabetes and coronary heart disease","volume":"126","author":"O'Connor A","year":"2012","unstructured":"O'Connor A, Wellenius G. Rural-urban disparities in the prevalence of diabetes and coronary heart disease. Public Health. 2012, 126:813-20. 10.1016\/j.puhe.2012.05.029","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.21.215","article-title":"Socioeconomic predictors of diabetes mortality in Japan: an ecological study using municipality-specific data","volume":"54","author":"Okui T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Okui T. Socioeconomic predictors of diabetes mortality in Japan: an ecological study using municipality-specific data. J Prev Med Public Health. 2021, 54:352-9. 10.3961\/jpmph.21.215","journal-title":"J Prev Med Public Health"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1056-8727(00)00074-x","article-title":"Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in a rural area of Japan: the Funagata diabetes study","volume":"14","author":"Sekikawa A","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sekikawa A, Eguchi H, Tominaga M, et al.. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in a rural area of Japan: the Funagata diabetes study. J Diabetes Complications. 2000, 14:78-83. 10.1016\/s1056-8727(00)00074-x","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/psp.2543","article-title":"Exploring the impact of depopulation on a country's population geography: lessons learned from Japan","volume":"28","author":"Inoue T","year":"2022","unstructured":"Inoue T, Koike S, Yamauchi M, Ishikawa Y. Exploring the impact of depopulation on a country's population geography: lessons learned from Japan. Popul Space Place. 2022, 28:e2543. 10.1002\/psp.2543","journal-title":"Popul Space Place"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci23-0003","article-title":"The impact of neighborhoods on diabetes risk and outcomes: centering health equity","volume":"46","author":"Mujahid MS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mujahid MS, Maddali SR, Gao X, Oo KH, Benjamin LA, Lewis TT. The impact of neighborhoods on diabetes risk and outcomes: centering health equity. Diabetes Care. 2023, 46:1609-18. 10.2337\/dci23-0003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2010.486423","article-title":"The association between socioeconomic status and prevalence of diabetes mellitus in rural Japan","volume":"65","author":"Hayashino Y","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hayashino Y, Yamazaki S, Nakayama T, Sokejima S, Fukuhara S. The association between socioeconomic status and prevalence of diabetes mellitus in rural Japan. Arch Environ Occup Health. 2010, 65:224-9. 10.1080\/19338244.2010.486423","journal-title":"Arch Environ Occup Health"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.058040","article-title":"Associations of neighborhood characteristics with the location and type of food stores","volume":"96","author":"Moore LV","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moore LV, Diez Roux AV. Associations of neighborhood characteristics with the location and type of food stores. Am J Public Health. 2006, 96:325-31. 10.2105\/AJPH.2004.058040","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2020.101056","article-title":"Handgrip strength predicts new prediabetes cases among adults: a prospective cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Manda CM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Manda CM, Hokimoto T, Okura T, Isoda H, Shimano H, Wagatsuma Y. Handgrip strength predicts new prediabetes cases among adults: a prospective cohort study. Prev Med Rep. 2020, 17:101056. 10.1016\/j.pmedr.2020.101056","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-005-9016-3","article-title":"Defining urban and rural areas in U.S. epidemiologic studies","volume":"83","author":"Hall SA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hall SA, Kaufman JS, Ricketts TC. Defining urban and rural areas in U.S. epidemiologic studies. J Urban Health. 2006, 83:162-75. 10.1007\/s11524-005-9016-3","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1787\/reg_glance-2011-en","article-title":"","author":"OECD","year":"2011","unstructured":"OECD. OECD Regional Typology. OECD Regions at a Glance 2011. OECD Publishing, Paris, France; 2011. 10.1787\/reg_glance-2011-en"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC). 2015 Population Census of Japan (2015). (2026). Accessed. February 15, 2026: https:\/\/www.e-stat.go.jp\/en\/stat-search\/files?page=1&amp;layout=datalist&amp;lid=000001219407.."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0321012","article-title":"A prospective study of comparing waist circumference and BMI as predictors for the kidney damage progression","volume":"20","author":"Chen JY","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen JY, Wagatsuma Y. A prospective study of comparing waist circumference and BMI as predictors for the kidney damage progression. PLoS One. 2025, 20:e0321012. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0321012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15527-9","article-title":"Rural-urban differentials of prevalence and lifestyle determinants of pre-diabetes and diabetes among the elderly in southwest China","volume":"23","author":"Zhao Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Li HF, Wu X, Li GH, Golden AR, Cai L. Rural-urban differentials of prevalence and lifestyle determinants of pre-diabetes and diabetes among the elderly in southwest China. BMC Public Health. 2023, 23:603. 10.1186\/s12889-023-15527-9","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-024-01602-w","article-title":"Urban-rural differences in the prevalence of diabetes among adults in Haryana, India: the ICMR-INDIAB study (ICMR-INDIAB-18)","volume":"15","author":"Kalra S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kalra S, Anjana RM, Verma M, et al.. Urban-rural differences in the prevalence of diabetes among adults in Haryana, India: the ICMR-INDIAB study (ICMR-INDIAB-18). Diabetes Ther. 2024, 15:1597-613. 10.1007\/s13300-024-01602-w","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-1552","article-title":"Disparities in acute and chronic complications of diabetes along the U.S. rural-urban continuum","volume":"47","author":"Steiger K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Steiger K, Herrin J, Swarna KS, Davis EM, McCoy RG. Disparities in acute and chronic complications of diabetes along the U.S. rural-urban continuum. Diabetes Care. 2024, 47:818-25. 10.2337\/dc23-1552","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2022.101161","article-title":"Urban and rural differences in new onset type 2 diabetes: comparisons across national and regional samples in the diabetes LEAD network","volume":"19","author":"McAlexander TP","year":"2022","unstructured":"McAlexander TP, Malla G, Uddin J, et al.. Urban and rural differences in new onset type 2 diabetes: comparisons across national and regional samples in the diabetes LEAD network. SSM Popul Health. 2022, 19:101161. 10.1016\/j.ssmph.2022.101161","journal-title":"SSM Popul Health"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05304-3","article-title":"The association of socioeconomic disadvantage and remoteness with receipt of type 2 diabetes medications in Australia: a nationwide registry study","volume":"64","author":"Morton JI","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morton JI, Ilom\u04d3ki J, Magliano DJ, Shaw JE. The association of socioeconomic disadvantage and remoteness with receipt of type 2 diabetes medications in Australia: a nationwide registry study. Diabetologia. 2021, 64:349-60. 10.1007\/s00125-020-05304-3","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2962","article-title":"Disparities in diabetes care: differences between rural and urban patients within a large health system","volume":"21","author":"Foss R","year":"2023","unstructured":"Foss R, Fischer K, Lampman MA, et al.. Disparities in diabetes care: differences between rural and urban patients within a large health system. Ann Fam Med. 2023, 21:234-9. 10.1370\/afm.2962","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2019.02.012","article-title":"Do cities or suburbs offer higher quality of life? Intrametropolitan location, activity patterns, access, and subjective well-being","volume":"89","author":"Morris EA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morris EA. Do cities or suburbs offer higher quality of life? Intrametropolitan location, activity patterns, access, and subjective well-being. Cities. 2019, 89:228-42. 10.1016\/j.cities.2019.02.012","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2022.103847","article-title":"Neighborhood effects on health: a multilevel analysis of neighborhood environment, physical activity and public health in suburban Shanghai","volume":"129","author":"Tao Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tao Y, Ma J, Shen Y, et al.. Neighborhood effects on health: a multilevel analysis of neighborhood environment, physical activity and public health in suburban Shanghai. Cities. 2022, 129:103847. 10.1016\/j.cities.2022.103847","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-025-02034-7","article-title":"Associations between diabetes mellitus and drinking patterns in Korean adults by sex: insights from the Korea National health and nutrition examination survey 2013-2018","volume":"18","author":"Yoo H","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yoo H, Choi YS, Yang YM. Associations between diabetes mellitus and drinking patterns in Korean adults by sex: insights from the Korea National health and nutrition examination survey 2013-2018. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2025, 18:9. 10.1186\/s13098-025-02034-7","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2007.01.009","article-title":"Moderate alcohol consumption and insulin sensitivity: observations and possible mechanisms","volume":"17","author":"Hendriks HFJ","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hendriks HFJ. Moderate alcohol consumption and insulin sensitivity: observations and possible mechanisms. Ann Epidemiol. 2007, 17:40-2. 10.1016\/j.annepidem.2007.01.009","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1556","article-title":"The effect of alcohol consumption on insulin sensitivity and glycemic status: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies","volume":"38","author":"Schrieks IC","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schrieks IC, Heil AL, Hendriks HF, Mukamal KJ, Beulens JW. The effect of alcohol consumption on insulin sensitivity and glycemic status: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies. Diabetes Care. 2015, 38:723-32. 10.2337\/dc14-1556","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030879","article-title":"Moderate consumption of beer and its effects on cardiovascular and metabolic health: an updated review of recent scientific evidence","volume":"13","author":"Marcos A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marcos A, Serra-Majem L, P\u00e9rez-Jim\u00e9nez F, Pascual V, Tinahones FJ, Estruch R. Moderate consumption of beer and its effects on cardiovascular and metabolic health: an updated review of recent scientific evidence. Nutrients. 2021, 13:879. 10.3390\/nu13030879","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01878-2","article-title":"Association between patterns of alcohol consumption (beverage type, frequency and consumption with food) and risk of adverse health outcomes: a prospective cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Jani BD","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jani BD, McQueenie R, Nicholl BI, et al.. Association between patterns of alcohol consumption (beverage type, frequency and consumption with food) and risk of adverse health outcomes: a prospective cohort study. BMC Med. 2021, 19:8. 10.1186\/s12916-020-01878-2","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2000.00387.x","article-title":"Alcohol consumption, type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in middle-aged Swedish men","volume":"17","author":"Carlsson S","year":"2000","unstructured":"Carlsson S, Hammar N, Efendic S, Persson PG, Ostenson CG, Grill V. Alcohol consumption, type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in middle-aged Swedish men. Diabet Med. 2000, 17:776-81. 10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2000.00387.x","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-71383-6","article-title":"Association between alcohol consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Japanese from Panasonic cohort study 12","volume":"14","author":"Takahashi F","year":"2024","unstructured":"Takahashi F, Okada H, Hashimoto Y, Kurogi K, Murata H, Ito M, Fukui M. Association between alcohol consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Japanese from Panasonic cohort study 12. Sci Rep. 2024, 14:20315. 10.1038\/s41598-024-71383-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-023-01350-1","article-title":"Association between alcohol consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese men: a secondary analysis of a Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"23","author":"Song J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Song J, Lin WQ. Association between alcohol consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese men: a secondary analysis of a Retrospective Cohort Study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2023, 23:91. 10.1186\/s12902-023-01350-1","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci25-0009","article-title":"The dilemma of moderate alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes risk: drinking frequency versus quantity","volume":"48","author":"Zhang C","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang C, Li T. The dilemma of moderate alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes risk: drinking frequency versus quantity. Diabetes Care. 2025, 48:1152-4. 10.2337\/dci25-0009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-1902","article-title":"Alcohol intake, drinking pattern, and risk of type 2 diabetes in three prospective cohorts of U.S. women and men","volume":"48","author":"Li X","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li X, Hur J, Smith-Warner SA, et al.. Alcohol intake, drinking pattern, and risk of type 2 diabetes in three prospective cohorts of U.S. women and men. Diabetes Care. 2025, 48:1189-97. 10.2337\/dc24-1902","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12781","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: role in diabetes and cardiovascular disease","volume":"47","author":"Pedersen BK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pedersen BK. Anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: role in diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Eur J Clin Invest. 2017, 47:600-11. 10.1111\/eci.12781","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2015.101","article-title":"Exercise and type 2 diabetes: focus on metabolism and inflammation","volume":"94","author":"Karstoft K","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karstoft K, Pedersen BK. Exercise and type 2 diabetes: focus on metabolism and inflammation. Immunol Cell Biol. 2016, 94:146-50. 10.1038\/icb.2015.101","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002800","article-title":"Exercise\/physical activity in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a consensus statement from the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":"54","author":"Kanaley JA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kanaley JA, Colberg SR, Corcoran MH, et al.. Exercise\/physical activity in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a consensus statement from the American College of Sports Medicine. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2022, 54:353-68. 10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002800","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2007.01.039","article-title":"Clinical aspects of physical exercise for diabetes\/metabolic syndrome","volume":"77","author":"Sato Y","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sato Y, Nagasaki M, Kubota M, Uno T, Nakai N. Clinical aspects of physical exercise for diabetes\/metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007, 77:S87-91. 10.1016\/j.diabres.2007.01.039","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-023-05894-8","article-title":"Evidence-based European recommendations for the dietary management of diabetes","volume":"66","author":"The Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group (DNSG) of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)","year":"2023","unstructured":"The Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group (DNSG) of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Evidence-based European recommendations for the dietary management of diabetes. Diabetologia. 2023, 66:965-85. 10.1007\/s00125-023-05894-8","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2362-5","article-title":"Leisure-time, occupational, and commuting physical activity and risk of type 2 diabetes in Japanese workers: a cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Honda T","year":"2015","unstructured":"Honda T, Kuwahara K, Nakagawa T, Yamamoto S, Hayashi T, Mizoue T. Leisure-time, occupational, and commuting physical activity and risk of type 2 diabetes in Japanese workers: a cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2015, 15:1004. 10.1186\/s12889-015-2362-5","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.62849","article-title":"The association between the frequency of agriculture and control of chronic diseases among regular patients in rural community hospitals: a cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Ohta R","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ohta R, Yakabe T, Adachi H, Sano C. The association between the frequency of agriculture and control of chronic diseases among regular patients in rural community hospitals: a cross-sectional study. Cureus. 2024, 16:e62849. 10.7759\/cureus.62849","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz078","article-title":"Smoking, drinking, diet and physical activity-modifiable lifestyle risk factors and their associations with age to first chronic disease","volume":"49","author":"Ng R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ng R, Sutradhar R, Yao Z, Wodchis WP, Rosella LC. Smoking, drinking, diet and physical activity-modifiable lifestyle risk factors and their associations with age to first chronic disease. Int J Epidemiol. 2020, 49:113-30. 10.1093\/ije\/dyz078","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20200120","article-title":"The clustering of health-related behaviors in the adult Japanese population","volume":"31","author":"Mawditt C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mawditt C, Sasayama K, Katanoda K, Gilmour S. The clustering of health-related behaviors in the adult Japanese population. J Epidemiol. 2021, 31:471-9. 10.2188\/jea.JE20200120","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd22.240199","article-title":"Rural-urban disparities in state-level diabetes prevalence among US adults, 2021","volume":"22","author":"Khavjou O","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khavjou O, Tayebali Z, Cho P, Myers K, Zhang P. Rural-urban disparities in state-level diabetes prevalence among US adults, 2021. Prev Chronic Dis. 2025, 22:E05. 10.5888\/pcd22.240199","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-021-05731-4","article-title":"Observational study: handgrip strength, body composition and diabetes mellitus","volume":"14","author":"Suda N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Suda N, Manda C, Gallagher J, Wagatsuma Y. Observational study: handgrip strength, body composition and diabetes mellitus. BMC Res Notes. 2021, 14:332. 10.1186\/s13104-021-05731-4","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/401348-geographical-living-settings-lifestyle-behaviors-and-the-prevalence-of-prediabetes-or-diabetes-a-cross-sectional-community-based-study-in-northern-ibaraki-japan","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T10:27:27Z","timestamp":1782901647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/401348-geographical-living-settings-lifestyle-behaviors-and-the-prevalence-of-prediabetes-or-diabetes-a-cross-sectional-community-based-study-in-northern-ibaraki-japan"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"references-count":53,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.111868","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}}}