{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T07:04:44Z","timestamp":1782975884206,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.111930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T06:05:23Z","timestamp":1782972323000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cell-Based Therapies for Type 1 Diabetes: A Narrative Review of Stem Cell-Derived Islets, Encapsulation Strategies, and Recent Clinical Trials"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Sruthi","family":"Guttikonda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jai C","family":"Machur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinmai P","family":"Matha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhea R","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tushar","family":"Thotakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.01.002","article-title":"From the dish to humans: a stem cell recipe for success","volume":"34","author":"Russ HA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Russ HA, Shilleh AH, Sussel L. From the dish to humans: a stem cell recipe for success. Cell Metab. 2022, 34:193-6. 10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.01.002","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2026.101738","article-title":"Overview of the major clinical trials investigating stem cells-based therapies for diabetes","volume":"52","author":"Lin TM","year":"2026","unstructured":"Lin TM, Lin TC, Lin CH, Lin CS. Overview of the major clinical trials investigating stem cells-based therapies for diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2026, 52:101738. 10.1016\/j.diabet.2026.101738","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2021.10.003","article-title":"Implanted pluripotent stem-cell-derived pancreatic endoderm cells secrete glucose-responsive C-peptide in patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"28","author":"Ramzy A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ramzy A, Thompson DM, Ward-Hartstonge KA, et al.. Implanted pluripotent stem-cell-derived pancreatic endoderm cells secrete glucose-responsive C-peptide in patients with type 1 diabetes. Cell Stem Cell. 2021, 28:2047-61.e5. 10.1016\/j.stem.2021.10.003","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13846","article-title":"Stem cell therapies for type 1 diabetes: current status and proposed road map to guide successful clinical trials","volume":"36","author":"Senior PA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Senior PA, Pettus JH. Stem cell therapies for type 1 diabetes: current status and proposed road map to guide successful clinical trials. Diabet Med. 2019, 36:297-307. 10.1111\/dme.13846","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46582\/jsrm.1702010","article-title":"Progress towards a stem cell based therapy for diabetes","volume":"17","author":"Kieffer TJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kieffer TJ. Progress towards a stem cell based therapy for diabetes. J Stem Cells Regen Med. 2021, 17:61. 10.46582\/jsrm.1702010","journal-title":"J Stem Cells Regen Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.70098","article-title":"Pilot study: functional survival of human stem cell-derived islets microencapsulated with alginate incorporating CXCL12 in non-human primates without systemic immunosuppression","volume":"32","author":"Kawai K","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kawai K, Dogan F, Alagpulinsa DA, et al.. Pilot study: functional survival of human stem cell-derived islets microencapsulated with alginate incorporating CXCL12 in non-human primates without systemic immunosuppression. Xenotransplantation. 2025, 32:e70098. 10.1111\/xen.70098","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2025.101635","article-title":"Advancing type 1 diabetes treatment: a breakthrough in stem cell therapy","volume":"51","author":"Anfaal Z","year":"2025","unstructured":"Anfaal Z, Khan ZA. Advancing type 1 diabetes treatment: a breakthrough in stem cell therapy. Diabetes Metab. 2025, 51:101635. 10.1016\/j.diabet.2025.101635","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2021.11.008","article-title":"Stem cell-based islet replacement therapy in diabetes: a road trip that reached the clinic","volume":"28","author":"de Koning EJP","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Koning EJP, Carlotti F. Stem cell-based islet replacement therapy in diabetes: a road trip that reached the clinic. Cell Stem Cell. 2021, 28:2044-6. 10.1016\/j.stem.2021.11.008","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17305\/bb.2025.12222","article-title":"Recent advances in stem cell-based therapies for type 1 diabetes: a glimpse into the future","volume":"26","author":"Hassanein A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hassanein A, Akhtar S. Recent advances in stem cell-based therapies for type 1 diabetes: a glimpse into the future. Biomol Biomed. 2025, 26:5-23. 10.17305\/bb.2025.12222","journal-title":"Biomol Biomed"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.09.004","article-title":"Transplantation of chemically induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived islets under abdominal anterior rectus sheath in a type 1 diabetes patient","volume":"187","author":"Wang S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang S, Du Y, Zhang B, et al.. Transplantation of chemically induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived islets under abdominal anterior rectus sheath in a type 1 diabetes patient. Cell. 2024, 187:6152-64.e18. 10.1016\/j.cell.2024.09.004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.11.11.687837","article-title":"Anti-CD3 microporous annealed particle hydrogel protects stem cell derived beta cells from autoreactive T cells. [PREPRINT]","author":"Widener AE","year":"2025","unstructured":"Widener AE, Manson CT, Barra JM, et al.. Anti-CD3 microporous annealed particle hydrogel protects stem cell derived beta cells from autoreactive T cells. [PREPRINT]. bioRxiv. 2025, 10.1101\/2025.11.11.687837","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-024-01029-0","article-title":"Harnessing cellular therapeutics for type 1 diabetes mellitus: progress, challenges, and the road ahead","volume":"21","author":"Grattoni A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Grattoni A, Korbutt G, Tomei AA, et al.. Harnessing cellular therapeutics for type 1 diabetes mellitus: progress, challenges, and the road ahead. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025, 21:14-30. 10.1038\/s41574-024-01029-0","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202307464","article-title":"Enhancing the functionality of immunoisolated human SC-\u03b2eta cell clusters through prior resizing","volume":"20","author":"Bochenek MA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bochenek MA, Walters B, Zhang J, et al.. Enhancing the functionality of immunoisolated human SC-\u03b2eta cell clusters through prior resizing. Small. 2024, 20:e2307464. 10.1002\/smll.202307464","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.19-0043","article-title":"Cell mass increase associated with formation of glucose-controlling \u03b2-cell mass in device-encapsulated implants of hiPS-derived pancreatic endoderm","volume":"8","author":"Robert T","year":"2019","unstructured":"Robert T, De Mesmaeker I, Van Hulle FO, et al.. Cell mass increase associated with formation of glucose-controlling \u03b2-cell mass in device-encapsulated implants of hiPS-derived pancreatic endoderm. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2019, 8:1296-305. 10.1002\/sctm.19-0043","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1061186X.2025.2522869","article-title":"Emerging role of gene therapy in immune modulation and beta-cell preservation in type 1 diabetes","volume":"33","author":"Mittal R","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mittal R, Mutha V, Valerio EA, et al.. Emerging role of gene therapy in immune modulation and beta-cell preservation in type 1 diabetes. J Drug Target. 2025, 33:1699-717. 10.1080\/1061186X.2025.2522869","journal-title":"J Drug Target"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-025-00703-7","article-title":"Islet cell replacement and regeneration for type 1 diabetes: current developments and future prospects","volume":"39","author":"Rech Tondin A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rech Tondin A, Lanzoni G. Islet cell replacement and regeneration for type 1 diabetes: current developments and future prospects. BioDrugs. 2025, 39:261-80. 10.1007\/s40259-025-00703-7","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-025-01732-9","article-title":"Cell therapy for T1D beyond BLA: gearing up toward clinical practice","volume":"16","author":"Wang Y","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang Y, Chen Y, McGarrigle J, et al.. Cell therapy for T1D beyond BLA: gearing up toward clinical practice. Diabetes Ther. 2025, 16:1125-38. 10.1007\/s13300-025-01732-9","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db25-0037","article-title":"Advances in cell replacement therapies for diabetes","volume":"74","author":"Hering BJ","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hering BJ, Rickels MR, Bellin MD, et al.. Advances in cell replacement therapies for diabetes. Diabetes. 2025, 74:1068-77. 10.2337\/db25-0037","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.70048","article-title":"Advancements and challenges in immune protection strategies for islet transplantation","volume":"17","author":"Wang X","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang X, Zeng Z, Li D, Wang K, Zhang W, Yu Y, Wang X. Advancements and challenges in immune protection strategies for islet transplantation. J Diabetes. 2025, 17:e70048. 10.1111\/1753-0407.70048","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2024.0498","article-title":"A cure for type 1 diabetes: are we there yet?","volume":"27","author":"Schaaf C","year":"2025","unstructured":"Schaaf C, Sussel L. A cure for type 1 diabetes: are we there yet?. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2025, 27:413-21. 10.1089\/dia.2024.0498","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44324-024-00014-5","article-title":"Finishing the odyssey to a stem cell cure for type 1 diabetes","volume":"2","author":"Hunault L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hunault L, Hesselson D. Finishing the odyssey to a stem cell cure for type 1 diabetes. NPJ Metab Health Dis. 2024, 2:9. 10.1038\/s44324-024-00014-5","journal-title":"NPJ Metab Health Dis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10520","article-title":"Replenishable prevascularized cell encapsulation devices increase graft survival and function in the subcutaneous space","volume":"8","author":"Chendke GS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chendke GS, Kharbikar BN, Ashe S, et al.. Replenishable prevascularized cell encapsulation devices increase graft survival and function in the subcutaneous space. Bioeng Transl Med. 2023, 8:e10520. 10.1002\/btm2.10520","journal-title":"Bioeng Transl Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15020191","article-title":"Stem cell-derived beta-cell therapies: encapsulation advances and immunological hurdles in diabetes treatment","volume":"15","author":"Waris S","year":"2026","unstructured":"Waris S, Begam HH, Kumar MP, Abdulrasool ZH, Avudaiappan M, Butler AE, Nandakumar M. Stem cell-derived beta-cell therapies: encapsulation advances and immunological hurdles in diabetes treatment. Cells. 2026, 15:191. 10.3390\/cells15020191","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-025-04745-0","article-title":"Engineering hypoimmune stem cell-derived beta cells","volume":"16","author":"Licht BJM","year":"2025","unstructured":"Licht BJM, Duffy GP, Levey RE. Engineering hypoimmune stem cell-derived beta cells. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2025, 16:610. 10.1186\/s13287-025-04745-0","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09636897261417623","article-title":"Advances in stem cell-derived beta-cell therapy: a new frontier in type 1 diabetes treatment","volume":"35","author":"Upadhye KS","year":"2026","unstructured":"Upadhye KS, Tayade P. Advances in stem cell-derived beta-cell therapy: a new frontier in type 1 diabetes treatment. Cell Transplant. 2026, 35:10.1177\/09636897261417623","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0661-5873","article-title":"Generation of pancreatic \u03b2-cells from iPSCs and their potential for type 1 diabetes mellitus replacement therapy and modelling","volume":"128","author":"Csobonyeiova M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Csobonyeiova M, Polak S, Danisovic L. Generation of pancreatic \u03b2-cells from iPSCs and their potential for type 1 diabetes mellitus replacement therapy and modelling. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2020, 128:339-46. 10.1055\/a-0661-5873","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/011574888X267226231126185532","article-title":"Evaluation of pancreatic \u03b2-cell differentiation efficiency of human iPSC lines for clinical use","volume":"19","author":"Horikawa A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Horikawa A, Tsuda K, Yamamoto T, Michiue T. Evaluation of pancreatic \u03b2-cell differentiation efficiency of human iPSC lines for clinical use. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2024, 19:1449-60. 10.2174\/011574888X267226231126185532","journal-title":"Curr Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-18-0012","article-title":"The potential and challenges of alternative sources of \u03b2 cells for the cure of type 1 diabetes","volume":"7","author":"Cito M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cito M, Pellegrini S, Piemonti L, Sordi V. The potential and challenges of alternative sources of \u03b2 cells for the cure of type 1 diabetes. Endocr Connect. 2018, 7:R114-25. 10.1530\/EC-18-0012","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-016-0847-z","article-title":"The state of the art of islet transplantation and cell therapy in type 1 diabetes","volume":"53","author":"Pellegrini S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pellegrini S, Cantarelli E, Sordi V, Nano R, Piemonti L. The state of the art of islet transplantation and cell therapy in type 1 diabetes. Acta Diabetol. 2016, 53:683-91. 10.1007\/s00592-016-0847-z","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09636897251394787","article-title":"Cell therapy for type 1 diabetes: tracing historical progress and exploring emerging technologies","volume":"34","author":"Perrier Q","year":"2025","unstructured":"Perrier Q, Lablanche S, Benhamou PY. Cell therapy for type 1 diabetes: tracing historical progress and exploring emerging technologies. Cell Transplant. 2025, 34:10.1177\/09636897251394787","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.70230","article-title":"A UK key opinion leader perspective: navigating the immunological and logistical transformation brought by stem cell-derived islets for the treatment of type 1 diabetes","volume":"43","author":"Strakosch T","year":"2026","unstructured":"Strakosch T, Forbes S. A UK key opinion leader perspective: navigating the immunological and logistical transformation brought by stem cell-derived islets for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2026, 43:e70230. 10.1111\/dme.70230","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2015.12.003","article-title":"The human endocrine pancreas: new insights on replacement and regeneration","volume":"27","author":"Dom\u00ednguez-Bendala J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dom\u00ednguez-Bendala J, Lanzoni G, Klein D, \u00c1lvarez-Cubela S, Pastori RL. The human endocrine pancreas: new insights on replacement and regeneration. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2016, 27:153-62. 10.1016\/j.tem.2015.12.003","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db17-0120","article-title":"\u03b2-Cell replacement in mice using human type 1 diabetes nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells","volume":"67","author":"Sui L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sui L, Danzl N, Campbell SR, et al.. \u03b2-Cell replacement in mice using human type 1 diabetes nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells. Diabetes. 2018, 67:26-35. 10.2337\/db17-0120","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2022.03.004","article-title":"GP2-enriched pancreatic progenitors give rise to functional beta cells in\u00a0vivo and eliminate the risk of teratoma formation","volume":"17","author":"Aghazadeh Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aghazadeh Y, Sarangi F, Poon F, Nkennor B, McGaugh EC, Nunes SS, Nostro MC. GP2-enriched pancreatic progenitors give rise to functional beta cells in\u00a0vivo and eliminate the risk of teratoma formation. Stem Cell Reports. 2022, 17:964-78. 10.1016\/j.stemcr.2022.03.004","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-59924-7","article-title":"Improving cellular fitness of human stem cell-derived islets under hypoxia","volume":"16","author":"Wang X","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang X, Brielle S, Kenty-Ryu J, Korover N, Bavli D, Pop R, Melton DA. Improving cellular fitness of human stem cell-derived islets under hypoxia. Nat Commun. 2025, 16:4787. 10.1038\/s41467-025-59924-7","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-016-0211-3","article-title":"How to make insulin-producing pancreatic \u03b2 cells for diabetes treatment","volume":"60","author":"Lu J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lu J, Xia Q, Zhou Q. How to make insulin-producing pancreatic \u03b2 cells for diabetes treatment. Sci China Life Sci. 2017, 60:239-48. 10.1007\/s11427-016-0211-3","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db24-0818","article-title":"Intermittent low-magnitude pressure applied across macroencapsulation devices enables physiological insulin delivery dynamics","volume":"74","author":"Thomson EA","year":"2025","unstructured":"Thomson EA, Lee S, Xu H, et al.. Intermittent low-magnitude pressure applied across macroencapsulation devices enables physiological insulin delivery dynamics. Diabetes. 2025, 74:873-84. 10.2337\/db24-0818","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad1c9b","article-title":"Production of alginate macrocapsule device for long-term normoglycaemia in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus with pancreatic cell sheet engineering","volume":"19","author":"Duman B\u00d6","year":"2024","unstructured":"Duman B\u00d6, Yazir Y, Halbuto\u011fullari ZS, Mert S, \u00d6zt\u00fcrk A, Gacar G, Duruksu G. Production of alginate macrocapsule device for long-term normoglycaemia in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus with pancreatic cell sheet engineering. Biomed Mater. 2024, 19:10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad1c9b","journal-title":"Biomed Mater"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c12359","article-title":"Hydrogel-composited laminate for islet immune-isolation to treat type 1 diabetes","volume":"16","author":"Wang Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Y, Wang K, Wang X, Luo Y, Chen H. Hydrogel-composited laminate for islet immune-isolation to treat type 1 diabetes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2024, 16:3042-55. 10.1021\/acsami.3c12359","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.121425","article-title":"Engineering superstable islets-laden chitosan microgels with carboxymethyl cellulose coating for long-term blood glucose regulation in vivo","volume":"323","author":"Li H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li H, He W, Feng Q, et al.. Engineering superstable islets-laden chitosan microgels with carboxymethyl cellulose coating for long-term blood glucose regulation in vivo. Carbohydr Polym. 2024, 323:121425. 10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.121425","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-017-0511-8","article-title":"CRISPR-targeted genome editing of mesenchymal stem cell-derived therapies for type 1 diabetes: a path to clinical success?","volume":"8","author":"Gerace D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gerace D, Martiniello-Wilks R, Nassif NT, Lal S, Steptoe R, Simpson AM. CRISPR-targeted genome editing of mesenchymal stem cell-derived therapies for type 1 diabetes: a path to clinical success?. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2017, 8:62. 10.1186\/s13287-017-0511-8","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14642","article-title":"Transplantation of macroencapsulated human islets within the bioartificial pancreas \u03b2Air to patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"18","author":"Carlsson PO","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carlsson PO, Espes D, Sedigh A, et al.. Transplantation of macroencapsulated human islets within the bioartificial pancreas \u03b2Air to patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Am J Transplant. 2018, 18:1735-44. 10.1111\/ajt.14642","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1988","article-title":"Phase 3 trial of transplantation of human islets in type 1 diabetes complicated by severe hypoglycemia","volume":"39","author":"Hering BJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hering BJ, Clarke WR, Bridges ND, et al.. Phase 3 trial of transplantation of human islets in type 1 diabetes complicated by severe hypoglycemia. Diabetes Care. 2016, 39:1230-40. 10.2337\/dc15-1988","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5lc00690b","article-title":"Microfluidic device for islet conformal coating with a polyethylene glycol-based hydrogel: innovating cell immunoprotection strategies in type 1 diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Vicinanza F","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vicinanza F, Mencarini T, Verderio F, et al.. Microfluidic device for islet conformal coating with a polyethylene glycol-based hydrogel: innovating cell immunoprotection strategies in type 1 diabetes. Lab Chip. 2025, 25:6335-48. 10.1039\/d5lc00690b","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202301552","article-title":"Microfluidic generation of thin-shelled polyethylene glycol-tyramine microgels for non-invasive delivery of immunoprotected \u03b2-cells","volume":"13","author":"Ara\u00fajo-Gomes N","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo-Gomes N, Zoetebier-Liszka B, van Loo B, et al.. Microfluidic generation of thin-shelled polyethylene glycol-tyramine microgels for non-invasive delivery of immunoprotected \u03b2-cells. Adv Healthc Mater. 2024, 13:e2301552. 10.1002\/adhm.202301552","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.08.047","article-title":"Pancreatic islet cells in microfluidic-spun hydrogel microfibers for the treatment of diabetes","volume":"187","author":"Huan Z","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huan Z, Li J, Guo J, Yu Y, Li L. Pancreatic islet cells in microfluidic-spun hydrogel microfibers for the treatment of diabetes. Acta Biomater. 2024, 187:149-60. 10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.08.047","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2024.213980","article-title":"Matrix design for optimal pancreatic \u03b2 cells transplantation","volume":"164","author":"Rajkumari N","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rajkumari N, Shalayel I, Tubbs E, et al.. Matrix design for optimal pancreatic \u03b2 cells transplantation. Biomater Adv. 2024, 164:213980. 10.1016\/j.bioadv.2024.213980","journal-title":"Biomater Adv"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16172479","article-title":"Probing of new polymer-based microcapsules for islet cell immunoisolation","volume":"16","author":"Ermakova P","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ermakova P, Vasilchikova E, Baten'kin M, et al.. Probing of new polymer-based microcapsules for islet cell immunoisolation. Polymers (Basel). 2024, 16:2479. 10.3390\/polym16172479","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.17-0005","article-title":"Durable control of autoimmune diabetes in mice achieved by intraperitoneal transplantation of \"neo-islets,\" three-dimensional aggregates of allogeneic islet and \"mesenchymal stem cells\"","volume":"6","author":"Westenfelder C","year":"2017","unstructured":"Westenfelder C, Gooch A, Hu Z, Ahlstrom J, Zhang P. Durable control of autoimmune diabetes in mice achieved by intraperitoneal transplantation of \"neo-islets,\" three-dimensional aggregates of allogeneic islet and \"mesenchymal stem cells\". Stem Cells Transl Med. 2017, 6:1631-43. 10.1002\/sctm.17-0005","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/675103","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells: rising concerns over their application in treatment of type one diabetes mellitus","volume":"2015","author":"Hashemian SJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hashemian SJ, Kouhnavard M, Nasli-Esfahani E. Mesenchymal stem cells: rising concerns over their application in treatment of type one diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Res. 2015, 2015:675103. 10.1155\/2015\/675103","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci13030141","article-title":"Combined use of vitamin D and DPP-4 inhibitors as a potential adjuvant treatment strategy to enhance the efficacy of novel beta-cell replacement therapies for type 1 diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Pinheiro MM","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pinheiro MM, Pinheiro FM, Di Serio BF, et al.. Combined use of vitamin D and DPP-4 inhibitors as a potential adjuvant treatment strategy to enhance the efficacy of novel beta-cell replacement therapies for type 1 diabetes. Med Sci (Basel). 2025, 13:141. 10.3390\/medsci13030141","journal-title":"Med Sci (Basel)"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frtra.2025.1522409","article-title":"The future of islet transplantation beyond the BLA approval: challenges and opportunities","volume":"4","author":"Wang Y","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang Y, McGarrigle J, Cook J, et al.. The future of islet transplantation beyond the BLA approval: challenges and opportunities. Front Transplant. 2025, 4:1522409. 10.3389\/frtra.2025.1522409","journal-title":"Front Transplant"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.5c00372","article-title":"Micropocket-based differentiation system to streamline and scale stem cell-derived pancreatic islet production","volume":"11","author":"O'Brien S","year":"2025","unstructured":"O'Brien S, Li C, Trana R, Hoesli C, Moraes C. Micropocket-based differentiation system to streamline and scale stem cell-derived pancreatic islet production. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2025, 11:5096-106. 10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.5c00372","journal-title":"ACS Biomater Sci Eng"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.631463","article-title":"Stem cell-based clinical trials for diabetes mellitus","volume":"12","author":"de Klerk E","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Klerk E, Hebrok M. Stem cell-based clinical trials for diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021, 12:631463. 10.3389\/fendo.2021.631463","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2023.06.038","article-title":"Enhancing longevity of immunoisolated pancreatic islet grafts by modifying both the intracapsular and extracapsular environment","volume":"167","author":"Qin T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qin T, Smink AM, de Vos P. Enhancing longevity of immunoisolated pancreatic islet grafts by modifying both the intracapsular and extracapsular environment. Acta Biomater. 2023, 167:38-53. 10.1016\/j.actbio.2023.06.038","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.21-0161","article-title":"Process parameter development for the scaled generation of stem cell-derived pancreatic endocrine cells","volume":"10","author":"Iworima DG","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iworima DG, Rieck S, Kieffer TJ. Process parameter development for the scaled generation of stem cell-derived pancreatic endocrine cells. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2021, 10:1459-69. 10.1002\/sctm.21-0161","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1470677","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 inhibitors for type 1 diabetes: exploring the path to a pivotal clinical trial","volume":"15","author":"Bazile C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bazile C, Abdel Malik MM, Ackeifi C, et al.. TNF-\u03b1 inhibitors for type 1 diabetes: exploring the path to a pivotal clinical trial. Front Immunol. 2024, 15:1470677. 10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1470677","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2023.110975","article-title":"LncRNA Malat1 regulates iPSC-derived \u03b2-cell differentiation by targeting the miR-15b-5p\/Ihh axis","volume":"113","author":"Wang Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Y, Ding H, Guo C, Bao Q, Li D, Xiong Y. LncRNA Malat1 regulates iPSC-derived \u03b2-cell differentiation by targeting the miR-15b-5p\/Ihh axis. Cell Signal. 2024, 113:110975. 10.1016\/j.cellsig.2023.110975","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2311707120","article-title":"A wireless, battery-free device enables oxygen generation and immune protection of therapeutic xenotransplants in vivo","volume":"120","author":"Krishnan SR","year":"2023","unstructured":"Krishnan SR, Liu C, Bochenek MA, et al.. A wireless, battery-free device enables oxygen generation and immune protection of therapeutic xenotransplants in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023, 120:e2311707120. 10.1073\/pnas.2311707120","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14051631","article-title":"A bioartificial device for the encapsulation of pancreatic \u03b2-cells using a semipermeable biocompatible porous membrane","volume":"14","author":"Cuscino N","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cuscino N, Castelbuono S, Centi C, et al.. A bioartificial device for the encapsulation of pancreatic \u03b2-cells using a semipermeable biocompatible porous membrane. J Clin Med. 2025, 14:1631. 10.3390\/jcm14051631","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-021-01737-3","article-title":"Felix dies natalis, insulin\u2026 ceterum autem censeo \"beta is better\"","volume":"58","author":"Piemonti L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Piemonti L. Felix dies natalis, insulin\u2026 ceterum autem censeo \"beta is better\". Acta Diabetol. 2021, 58:1287-306. 10.1007\/s00592-021-01737-3","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.07.26.605318","article-title":"Limitations in PPAR\u237a-dependent mitochondrial programming restrain the differentiation of human stem cell-derived \u03b2 cells. [PREPRINT]","author":"Lietzke AC","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lietzke AC, Walker EM, Bealer E, et al.. Limitations in PPAR\u237a-dependent mitochondrial programming restrain the differentiation of human stem cell-derived \u03b2 cells. [PREPRINT]. bioRxiv. 2025, 10.1101\/2024.07.26.605318","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-025-01997-y","article-title":"Stem cell-derived pancreatic beta cells: a step closer to functional diabetes treatment?","volume":"25","author":"Ogieuhi IJ","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ogieuhi IJ, Agbo CE, Ajekiigbe VO, et al.. Stem cell-derived pancreatic beta cells: a step closer to functional diabetes treatment?. BMC Endocr Disord. 2025, 25:181. 10.1186\/s12902-025-01997-y","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202401385","article-title":"Immunoprotection strategies in \u03b2-cell replacement therapy: a closer look at porcine islet xenotransplantation","volume":"11","author":"Grimus S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Grimus S, Sarangova V, Welzel PB, et al.. Immunoprotection strategies in \u03b2-cell replacement therapy: a closer look at porcine islet xenotransplantation. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024, 11:e2401385. 10.1002\/advs.202401385","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-025-03952-8","article-title":"Epigenetic memory as crucial contributing factor in directing the differentiation of human iPSC into pancreatic \u03b2-cells in vitro","volume":"399","author":"Diane A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Diane A, Mu-U-Min RB, Al-Siddiqi HH. Epigenetic memory as crucial contributing factor in directing the differentiation of human iPSC into pancreatic \u03b2-cells in vitro. Cell Tissue Res. 2025, 399:267-76. 10.1007\/s00441-025-03952-8","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37623","article-title":"Necrostatin-1 releasing nanoparticles: in vitro and in vivo efficacy for supporting immunoisolated islet transplantation outcomes","volume":"112","author":"Smink AM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Smink AM, Medina JD, de Haan BJ, Garc\u00eda AJ, de Vos P. Necrostatin-1 releasing nanoparticles: in vitro and in vivo efficacy for supporting immunoisolated islet transplantation outcomes. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2024, 112:456-68. 10.1002\/jbm.a.37623","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res A"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.70095","article-title":"An accessible platform to quantify oxygen diffusion in cell-laden hydrogels and its application to alginate-immobilized pancreatic beta cells","volume":"123","author":"Orimi HE","year":"2026","unstructured":"Orimi HE, Champion KS, Gauvin L, Brassard JA, Strand BL, Leask RL, Hoesli CA. An accessible platform to quantify oxygen diffusion in cell-laden hydrogels and its application to alginate-immobilized pancreatic beta cells. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2026, 123:348-62. 10.1002\/bit.70095","journal-title":"Biotechnol Bioeng"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00786","article-title":"Advances toward engineering functionally mature human pluripotent stem cell-derived \u03b2 cells","volume":"8","author":"Velazco-Cruz L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Velazco-Cruz L, Goedegebuure MM, Millman JR. Advances toward engineering functionally mature human pluripotent stem cell-derived \u03b2 cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020, 8:786. 10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00786","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.04.025","article-title":"GRP94 is indispensable for definitive endoderm specification of human induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"33","author":"Wei H","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wei H, Kappler C, Green E, Jiang H, Yeung T, Wang H. GRP94 is indispensable for definitive endoderm specification of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Mol Ther. 2025, 33:3994-4006. 10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.04.025","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-66022-1","article-title":"Limitations in PPAR\u03b1-dependent mitochondrial programming restrain the differentiation of human stem cell-derived \u03b2 cells","volume":"16","author":"Lietzke AC","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lietzke AC, Walker EM, Bealer E, et al.. Limitations in PPAR\u03b1-dependent mitochondrial programming restrain the differentiation of human stem cell-derived \u03b2 cells. Nat Commun. 2025, 16:11037. 10.1038\/s41467-025-66022-1","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2006-0761","article-title":"Generation of insulin-producing islet-like clusters from human embryonic stem cells","volume":"25","author":"Jiang J","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jiang J, Au M, Lu K, Eshpeter A, Korbutt G, Fisk G, Majumdar AS. Generation of insulin-producing islet-like clusters from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells. 2007, 25:1940-53. 10.1634\/stemcells.2006-0761","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.124925","article-title":"The reprogrammed pancreatic progenitor-like intermediate state of hepatic cells is more susceptible to pancreatic beta cell differentiation","volume":"126","author":"Wang Q","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang Q, Wang H, Sun Y, et al.. The reprogrammed pancreatic progenitor-like intermediate state of hepatic cells is more susceptible to pancreatic beta cell differentiation. J Cell Sci. 2013, 126:3638-48. 10.1242\/jcs.124925","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.123570","article-title":"Matched miRNA and mRNA signatures from an hESC-based in vitro model of pancreatic differentiation reveal novel regulatory interactions","volume":"126","author":"Liao X","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liao X, Xue H, Wang YC, et al.. Matched miRNA and mRNA signatures from an hESC-based in vitro model of pancreatic differentiation reveal novel regulatory interactions. J Cell Sci. 2013, 126:3848-61. 10.1242\/jcs.123570","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.02.025","article-title":"Capsule stiffness regulates the efficiency of pancreatic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells","volume":"35","author":"Richardson T","year":"2016","unstructured":"Richardson T, Barner S, Candiello J, Kumta PN, Banerjee I. Capsule stiffness regulates the efficiency of pancreatic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Acta Biomater. 2016, 35:153-65. 10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.02.025","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5500\/wjt.v13.i4.107","article-title":"Islet transplantation-immunological challenges and current perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Kabakchieva P","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kabakchieva P, Assyov Y, Gerasoudis S, et al.. Islet transplantation-immunological challenges and current perspectives. World J Transplant. 2023, 13:107-21. 10.5500\/wjt.v13.i4.107","journal-title":"World J Transplant"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-22-00179","article-title":"The FDA and ensuring safety and effectiveness of devices, biologics, and technology","volume":"30","author":"Dubin JR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dubin JR, Ibad H, Cil A, Murray M. The FDA and ensuring safety and effectiveness of devices, biologics, and technology. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2022, 30:658-67. 10.5435\/JAAOS-D-22-00179","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/502778-cell-based-therapies-for-type-1-diabetes-a-narrative-review-of-stem-cell-derived-islets-encapsulation-strategies-and-recent-clinical-trials","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T06:05:25Z","timestamp":1782972325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/502778-cell-based-therapies-for-type-1-diabetes-a-narrative-review-of-stem-cell-derived-islets-encapsulation-strategies-and-recent-clinical-trials"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"references-count":76,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.111930","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}}}