{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T11:19:43Z","timestamp":1783423183412,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.112199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T11:07:57Z","timestamp":1783422477000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrating Invasive and Noninvasive Imaging for Coronary Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review With Pragmatic Algorithms From Anatomy to Physiology"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Maurice","family":"Tiotsop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douni O","family":"Roger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Utsab","family":"Panta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua K","family":"Salabei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz425","article-title":"2019 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes","volume":"41","author":"Knuuti J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Knuuti J, Wijns W, Saraste A, et al.. 2019 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2020, 41:407-77. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz425","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001029","article-title":"2021 AHA\/ACC\/ASE\/CHEST\/SAEM\/SCCT\/SCMR guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"144","author":"Gulati M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, et al.. 2021 AHA\/ACC\/ASE\/CHEST\/SAEM\/SCCT\/SCMR guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2021, 144:e368-454. 10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001029","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.05.057","article-title":"1-year outcomes of FFRCT-guided care in patients with suspected coronary disease: the PLATFORM study","volume":"68","author":"Douglas PS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Douglas PS, De Bruyne B, Pontone G, et al.. 1-year outcomes of FFRCT-guided care in patients with suspected coronary disease: the PLATFORM study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016, 68:435-45. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.05.057","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1910738","article-title":"Magnetic resonance perfusion or fractional flow reserve in coronary disease: reply","volume":"381","author":"Nagel E","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nagel E, Berry C. Magnetic resonance perfusion or fractional flow reserve in coronary disease: reply. N Engl J Med. 2019, 381:2277-8. 10.1056\/NEJMc1910738","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60291-4","article-title":"CT coronary angiography in patients with suspected angina due to coronary heart disease (SCOT-HEART): an open-label, parallel-group, multicentre trial","volume":"385","author":"SCOT-HEART Investigators","year":"2015","unstructured":"SCOT-HEART Investigators. CT coronary angiography in patients with suspected angina due to coronary heart disease (SCOT-HEART): an open-label, parallel-group, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2015, 385:2383-91. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60291-4","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1915922","article-title":"Initial invasive or conservative strategy for stable coronary disease","volume":"382","author":"Maron DJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maron DJ, Hochman JS, Reynolds HR, et al.. Initial invasive or conservative strategy for stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2020, 382:1395-407. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1915922","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00057-4","article-title":"Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guidance of PCI in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (FAME): 5-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial","volume":"386","author":"van Nunen LX","year":"2015","unstructured":"van Nunen LX, Zimmermann FM, Tonino PA, et al.. Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guidance of PCI in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (FAME): 5-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015, 386:1853-60. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00057-4","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1415516","article-title":"Outcomes of anatomical versus functional testing for coronary artery disease","volume":"372","author":"Douglas PS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Douglas PS, Hoffmann U, Patel MR, et al.. Outcomes of anatomical versus functional testing for coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2015, 372:1291-300. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1415516","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.043","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of noninvasive fractional flow reserve derived from coronary computed tomography angiography in suspected coronary artery disease: the NXT trial (Analysis of Coronary Blood Flow Using CT Angiography: Next Steps)","volume":"63","author":"N\u00f8rgaard BL","year":"2014","unstructured":"N\u00f8rgaard BL, Leipsic J, Gaur S, et al.. Diagnostic performance of noninvasive fractional flow reserve derived from coronary computed tomography angiography in suspected coronary artery disease: the NXT trial (Analysis of Coronary Blood Flow Using CT Angiography: Next Steps). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014, 63:1145-55. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.043","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJY18M06_01","article-title":"Clinical use of intracoronary imaging. Part 1: guidance and optimization of coronary interventions. An expert consensus document of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions","volume":"14","author":"R\u00e4ber L","year":"2018","unstructured":"R\u00e4ber L, Mintz GS, Koskinas KC, et al.. Clinical use of intracoronary imaging. Part 1: guidance and optimization of coronary interventions. An expert consensus document of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions. EuroIntervention. 2018, 14:656-77. 10.4244\/EIJY18M06_01","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001063","article-title":"2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"145","author":"Heidenreich PA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al.. 2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2022, 145:e895-1032. 10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001063","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001309","article-title":"2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"151","author":"Rao SV","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rao SV, O'Donoghue ML, Ruel M, et al.. 2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2025, 151:e771-862. 10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001309","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae300","article-title":"Great Debate: SGLT2 inhibitors should be first-line treatment in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"45","author":"Packer M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Packer M, Cleland JG, Bauersachs J. Great Debate: SGLT2 inhibitors should be first-line treatment in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Eur Heart J. 2024, 45:2186-96. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae300","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2019.07.001","article-title":"Guidelines for performance, interpretation, and application of stress echocardiography in ischemic heart disease: from the American Society of Echocardiography","volume":"33","author":"Pellikka PA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pellikka PA, Arruda-Olson A, Chaudhry FA, Chen MH, Marshall JE, Porter TR, Sawada SG. Guidelines for performance, interpretation, and application of stress echocardiography in ischemic heart disease: from the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2020, 33:1-41.e8. 10.1016\/j.echo.2019.07.001","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-015-0387-x","article-title":"ASNC imaging guidelines for SPECT nuclear cardiology procedures: stress, protocols, and tracers","volume":"23","author":"Henzlova MJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Henzlova MJ, Duvall WL, Einstein AJ, Travin MI, Verberne HJ. ASNC imaging guidelines for SPECT nuclear cardiology procedures: stress, protocols, and tracers. J Nucl Cardiol. 2016, 23:606-39. 10.1007\/s12350-015-0387-x","journal-title":"J Nucl Cardiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2022.12.015","article-title":"Myocardial perfusion pet for the detection and reporting of coronary microvascular dysfunction: a JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging expert panel statement","volume":"16","author":"Schindler TH","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schindler TH, Fearon WF, Pelletier-Galarneau M, et al.. Myocardial perfusion pet for the detection and reporting of coronary microvascular dysfunction: a JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging expert panel statement. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023, 16:536-48. 10.1016\/j.jcmg.2022.12.015","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001285","article-title":"2024 AHA\/ACC\/ACS\/ASNC\/HRS\/SCA\/SCCT\/SCMR\/SVM guideline for perioperative cardiovascular management for noncardiac surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"150","author":"Thompson A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thompson A, Fleischmann KE, Smilowitz NR, et al.. 2024 AHA\/ACC\/ACS\/ASNC\/HRS\/SCA\/SCCT\/SCMR\/SVM guideline for perioperative cardiovascular management for noncardiac surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2024, 150:e351-442. 10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001285","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1716734","article-title":"Magnetic resonance perfusion or fractional flow reserve in coronary disease","volume":"380","author":"Nagel E","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nagel E, Greenwood JP, McCann GP, et al.. Magnetic resonance perfusion or fractional flow reserve in coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2019, 380:2418-28. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1716734","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1700445","article-title":"Use of the instantaneous wave-free ratio or fractional flow reserve in PCI","volume":"376","author":"Davies JE","year":"2017","unstructured":"Davies JE, Sen S, Dehbi HM, et al.. Use of the instantaneous wave-free ratio or fractional flow reserve in PCI. N Engl J Med. 2017, 376:1824-34. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1700445","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807611","article-title":"Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"360","author":"Tonino PA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tonino PA, De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, et al.. Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention. N Engl J Med. 2009, 360:213-24. 10.1056\/NEJMoa0807611","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001039","article-title":"2021 ACC\/AHA\/SCAI guideline for coronary artery revascularization: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"145","author":"Lawton JS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lawton JS, Tamis-Holland JE, Bangalore S, et al.. 2021 ACC\/AHA\/SCAI guideline for coronary artery revascularization: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2022, 145:e4-17. 10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001039","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1808567","article-title":"Imaging coronary anatomy and reducing myocardial infarction","volume":"379","author":"Hoffmann U","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hoffmann U, Udelson JE. Imaging coronary anatomy and reducing myocardial infarction. New Eng J Med. 2018, 379:977-8. 10.1056\/NEJMe1808567","journal-title":"New Eng J Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-020-00607-1","article-title":"Standardized cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) protocols: 2020 update","volume":"22","author":"Kramer CM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kramer CM, Barkhausen J, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Flamm SD, Kim RJ, Nagel E. Standardized cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) protocols: 2020 update. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2020, 22:17. 10.1186\/s12968-020-00607-1","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.03.027","article-title":"Invasive coronary angiography has limited diagnostic accuracy for detecting reduction of myocardial perfusion assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance","volume":"247","author":"Sz\u00e9kely AE","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sz\u00e9kely AE, Akil Engblom S, Hedeer F, et al.. Invasive coronary angiography has limited diagnostic accuracy for detecting reduction of myocardial perfusion assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance. Am J Cardiol. 2025, 247:68-75. 10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.03.027","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02772-2","article-title":"Coronary CT angiography-guided management of stable chest pain: 10-year SCOT-HEART outcomes","volume":"405","author":"Williams MC","year":"2025","unstructured":"Williams MC, Wereski R, Tuck C, et al.. Coronary CT angiography-guided management of stable chest pain: 10-year SCOT-HEART outcomes. Lancet. 2025, 405:329-37. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02772-2","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2020.09.068","article-title":"Effect of previous coronary stenting on subsequent coronary artery bypass grafting outcomes","volume":"164","author":"Cheng YT","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheng YT, Chen DY, Chien-Chia Wu V, Chou AH, Chang SH, Chu PH, Chen SW. Effect of previous coronary stenting on subsequent coronary artery bypass grafting outcomes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2022, 164:928-39.e5. 10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2020.09.068","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007824","article-title":"High-density lipoprotein subspecies defined by apolipoprotein C-III and subclinical atherosclerosis measures: MESA (the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)","volume":"7","author":"Aroner SA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aroner SA, Koch M, Mukamal KJ, et al.. High-density lipoprotein subspecies defined by apolipoprotein C-III and subclinical atherosclerosis measures: MESA (the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). J Am Heart Assoc. 2018, 7:10.1161\/JAHA.117.007824","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.810625","article-title":"Effect of coronary calcification severity on measurements and diagnostic performance of CT-FFR with computational fluid dynamics: results from CT-FFR CHINA trial","volume":"8","author":"Zhao N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao N, Gao Y, Xu B, et al.. Effect of coronary calcification severity on measurements and diagnostic performance of CT-FFR with computational fluid dynamics: results from CT-FFR CHINA trial. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021, 8:810625. 10.3389\/fcvm.2021.810625","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2022.07.002","article-title":"CAD-RADS\u2122 2.0 - 2022 coronary artery disease-reporting and data system: an expert consensus document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American College of Radiology (ACR), and the North America Society of Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI)","volume":"16","author":"Cury RC","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cury RC, Leipsic J, Abbara S, et al.. CAD-RADS\u2122 2.0 - 2022 coronary artery disease-reporting and data system: an expert consensus document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American College of Radiology (ACR), and the North America Society of Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI). J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2022, 16:536-57. 10.1016\/j.jcct.2022.07.002","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio","article-title":"Association of transient endothelial dysfunction induced by mental stress with major adverse cardiovascular events in men and women with coronary artery disease","volume":"4","author":"Lima BB","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lima BB, Hammadah M, Kim JH, et al.. Association of transient endothelial dysfunction induced by mental stress with major adverse cardiovascular events in men and women with coronary artery disease.  JAMA Cardiol. 2019, 4:988-96. 10.1001\/jamacardio","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2020.08.012","article-title":"Acute kidney injury after repeated exposure to contrast material for coronary angiography","volume":"5","author":"Betoko A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Betoko A, Matheson MB, Ostovaneh MR, et al.. Acute kidney injury after repeated exposure to contrast material for coronary angiography. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2021, 5:46-54. 10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2020.08.012","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.05.006","article-title":"Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA): JACC Focus Seminar 5\/8","volume":"77","author":"Blaha MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Blaha MJ, DeFilippis AP. Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA): JACC Focus Seminar 5\/8. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021, 77:3195-216. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.05.006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2020.02.011","article-title":"Future research prioritization in cardiac resynchronization therapy","volume":"223","author":"Fudim M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fudim M, Dalgaard F, Al-Khatib SM, et al.. Future research prioritization in cardiac resynchronization therapy. Am Heart J. 2020, 223:48-58. 10.1016\/j.ahj.2020.02.011","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2104650","article-title":"Multivessel PCI guided by FFR or angiography for myocardial infarction","volume":"385","author":"Puymirat E","year":"2021","unstructured":"Puymirat E, Cayla G, Simon T, et al.. Multivessel PCI guided by FFR or angiography for myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2021, 385:297-308. 10.1056\/NEJMoa2104650","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02679-5","article-title":"Coronary CT angiography-guided management of patients with stable chest pain: 10-year outcomes from the SCOT-HEART randomised controlled trial in Scotland","volume":"405","author":"Williams MC","year":"2025","unstructured":"Williams MC, Wereski R, Tuck C, et al.. Coronary CT angiography-guided management of patients with stable chest pain: 10-year outcomes from the SCOT-HEART randomised controlled trial in Scotland. Lancet. 2025 , 405:329-337.. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02679-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1805971","article-title":"Coronary CT angiography and 5-year risk of myocardial infarction","volume":"379","author":"Newby DE","year":"2018","unstructured":"Newby DE, Adamson PD, Berry C, et al.. Coronary CT angiography and 5-year risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2018, 379:924-33. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1805971","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.11444","article-title":"Association of cardiovascular disease risk factor burden with progression of coronary atherosclerosis assessed by serial coronary computed tomographic angiography","volume":"3","author":"Han D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Han D, Berman DS, Miller RJ, et al.. Association of cardiovascular disease risk factor burden with progression of coronary atherosclerosis assessed by serial coronary computed tomographic angiography. JAMA Netw Open. 2020, 3:e2011444. 10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.11444","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2020.11.001","article-title":"SCCT 2021 expert consensus document on coronary computed tomographic angiography: a report of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography","volume":"15","author":"Narula J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Narula J, Chandrashekhar Y, Ahmadi A, et al.. SCCT 2021 expert consensus document on coronary computed tomographic angiography: a report of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2021, 15:192-217. 10.1016\/j.jcct.2020.11.001","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1616540","article-title":"Instantaneous wave-free ratio versus fractional flow reserve to guide PCI","volume":"376","author":"G\u00f6tberg M","year":"2017","unstructured":"G\u00f6tberg M, Christiansen EH, Gudmundsdottir IJ, et al.. Instantaneous wave-free ratio versus fractional flow reserve to guide PCI. N Engl J Med. 2017, 376:1813-23. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1616540","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2200963","article-title":"CT vs invasive angiography in stable chest pain (DISCHARGE)","volume":"386","author":"Maurovich-Horvat P","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maurovich-Horvat P, Bosserdt M, Kofoed KF, et al.. CT vs invasive angiography in stable chest pain (DISCHARGE). N Engl J Med. 2022, 386:1591-602. 10.1056\/NEJMoa2200963","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-018-1289-4","article-title":"German cardiac CT registry: indications, procedural data and clinical consequences in 7061 patients undergoing cardiac computed tomography","volume":"34","author":"Marwan M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marwan M, Achenbach S, Korosoglou G, et al.. German cardiac CT registry: indications, procedural data and clinical consequences in 7061 patients undergoing cardiac computed tomography. 2018, 34:807-819. 10.1007\/s10554-018-1289-4"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz392","article-title":"Markers of kidney tubule function and risk of cardiovascular disease events and mortality in the SPRINT trial","volume":"40","author":"Garimella PS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garimella PS, Lee AK, Ambrosius WT, et al.. Markers of kidney tubule function and risk of cardiovascular disease events and mortality in the SPRINT trial. Eur Heart J. 2019, 40:3486-93. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz392","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2017.09.008","article-title":"IVUS-guided versus OCT-guided coronary stent implantation: a critical appraisal","volume":"10","author":"Maehara A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maehara A, Matsumura M, Ali ZA, Mintz GS, Stone GW. IVUS-guided versus OCT-guided coronary stent implantation: a critical appraisal. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017, 10:1487-503. 10.1016\/j.jcmg.2017.09.008","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00100-X","article-title":"Durability of patient benefit from CT-guided chest pain management","volume":"405","author":"Villines TC.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Villines TC..  Durability of patient benefit from CT-guided chest pain management.  Lancet. 2025, 405:278-279. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00100-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2016.02.005","article-title":"The effect of venous anatomy on the morphology of multiple sclerosis lesions: a susceptibility-weighted imaging study","volume":"71","author":"\u00d6ztoprak B","year":"2016","unstructured":"\u00d6ztoprak B, \u00d6ztoprak I, Y\u0131ld\u0131z \u00d6K. The effect of venous anatomy on the morphology of multiple sclerosis lesions: a susceptibility-weighted imaging study. Clin Radiol. 2016, 71:418-26. 10.1016\/j.crad.2016.02.005","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa503","article-title":"An EAPCI expert consensus document on ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries in collaboration with European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Coronary Pathophysiology & microcirculation endorsed by Coronary Vasomotor Disorders International Study Group","volume":"41","author":"Kunadian V","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kunadian V, Chieffo A, Camici PG, et al.. An EAPCI expert consensus document on ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries in collaboration with European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Coronary Pathophysiology & microcirculation endorsed by Coronary Vasomotor Disorders International Study Group. Eur Heart J. 2020, 41:3504-20. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa503","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.220017","article-title":"Microvascular flow imaging: a state-of-the-art review","volume":"305","author":"Aziz MU","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aziz MU, Eisenbrey JR, Deganello A, et al.. Microvascular flow imaging: a state-of-the-art review. Radiology. 2022, 305:250-264. 10.1148\/radiol.220017","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15420\/ecr.2021.15","article-title":"Microvascular angina: diagnosis and management","volume":"16","author":"Aldiwani H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aldiwani H, Mahdai S, Alhatemi G, Bairey Merz CN. Microvascular angina: diagnosis and management. Eur Cardiol. 2021, 16:e46. 10.15420\/ecr.2021.15","journal-title":"Eur Cardiol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nuclcard.2024.102539","article-title":"Improving prognostic risk assessment using PET MPI and machine learning","author":"Alahdab F","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alahdab F, El Shawi R, Ahmed AI, et al.. Improving prognostic risk assessment using PET MPI and machine learning. J Nucl Cardiol. 2025, 10.1016\/j.nuclcard.2024.102539","journal-title":"J Nucl Cardiol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.12680","article-title":"Effect of care guided by cardiovascular magnetic resonance, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, or NICE guidelines on subsequent unnecessary angiography rates: the CE-MARC 2 randomized clinical trial","volume":"316","author":"Greenwood JP","year":"2016","unstructured":"Greenwood JP, Ripley DP, Berry C, et al.. Effect of care guided by cardiovascular magnetic resonance, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, or NICE guidelines on subsequent unnecessary angiography rates: the CE-MARC 2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016, 316:1051-60. 10.1001\/jama.2016.12680","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2021.12.010","article-title":"Diagnostic and clinical value of FFR(CT) in stable chest pain patients with extensive coronary calcification: the FACC study","volume":"15","author":"Mickley H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mickley H, Veien KT, Gerke O, et al.. Diagnostic and clinical value of FFR(CT) in stable chest pain patients with extensive coronary calcification: the FACC study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2022, 15:1046-58. 10.1016\/j.jcmg.2021.12.010","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy394","article-title":"2018 ESC\/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization","volume":"40","author":"Neumann FJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neumann FJ, Sousa-Uva M, Ahlsson A, et al.. 2018 ESC\/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Eur Heart J. 2019, 40:87-165. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy394","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw639","article-title":"First, do no (irreparable) harm: infarction, bleeding, and subsequent risk of death. The dangers of false equivalency","volume":"38","author":"Bergmark BA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bergmark BA, Scirica BM. First, do no (irreparable) harm: infarction, bleeding, and subsequent risk of death. The dangers of false equivalency. Eur Heart J. 2017, 38:811-3. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw639","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31922-5","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography compared with intravascular ultrasound and with angiography to guide coronary stent implantation (ILUMIEN III: OPTIMIZE PCI): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"388","author":"Ali ZA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ali ZA, Maehara A, G\u00e9n\u00e9reux P, et al.. Optical coherence tomography compared with intravascular ultrasound and with angiography to guide coronary stent implantation (ILUMIEN III: OPTIMIZE PCI): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2016, 388:2618-2628. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31922-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.03.533","article-title":"Infective endocarditis after invasive medical and surgical procedures","volume":"71","author":"Thornhill MH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thornhill MH, Dayer MJ, Cahill TJ. Infective endocarditis after invasive medical and surgical procedures. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018, 71:2753-5. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.03.533","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/1671-5411.2024.01.014","article-title":"IVUS and OCT in coronary imaging: systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Sarwar M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sarwar M, Adedokun S, Narayanan MA. IVUS and OCT in coronary imaging: systematic review. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2024, 21:104-129. 10.26599\/1671-5411.2024.01.014","journal-title":"J Geriatr Cardiol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2018.03.008","article-title":"CAC-DRS: Coronary artery calcium data and reporting system. An expert consensus document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT)","volume":"12","author":"Hecht HS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hecht HS, Blaha MJ, Kazerooni EA, Cury RC, Budoff M, Leipsic J, Shaw L. CAC-DRS: Coronary artery calcium data and reporting system. An expert consensus document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT). J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2018, 12:185-91. 10.1016\/j.jcct.2018.03.008","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-018-0410-7","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of electroanatomic mapping-guided endomyocardial biopsy: a systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Vaidya VR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vaidya VR, Abudan AA, Vasudevan K, et al.. The efficacy and safety of electroanatomic mapping-guided endomyocardial biopsy: a systematic review. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2018, 53:63-71. 10.1007\/s10840-018-0410-7","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2017.12.010","article-title":"Machine learning plaque analysis (CONFIRM)","volume":"12","author":"van Rosendael AR","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Rosendael AR, Maliakal G, Kolli KK, et al.. Machine learning plaque analysis (CONFIRM). J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2018, 12:204-9. 10.1016\/j.jcct.2017.12.010","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.117.201368","article-title":"Clinical quantification of myocardial blood flow using PET: joint position paper of the SNMMI Cardiovascular Council and the ASNC","volume":"59","author":"Murthy VL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Murthy VL, Bateman TM, Beanlands RS, et al.. Clinical quantification of myocardial blood flow using PET: joint position paper of the SNMMI Cardiovascular Council and the ASNC. J Nucl Med. 2018, 59:273-93. 10.2967\/jnumed.117.201368","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.09.042","article-title":"Coronary microvascular disease pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic options: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"72","author":"Taqueti VR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taqueti VR, Di Carli MF. Coronary microvascular disease pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic options: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018, 72:2625-41. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.09.042","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.06.066","article-title":"Diagnosis of ischemia-causing coronary stenoses by noninvasive fractional flow reserve computed from coronary computed tomographic angiograms. Results from the prospective multicenter DISCOVER-FLOW (Diagnosis of Ischemia-Causing Stenoses Obtained Via Noninvasive Fractional Flow Reserve) study","volume":"58","author":"Koo BK","year":"2011","unstructured":"Koo BK, Erglis A, Doh JH, et al.. Diagnosis of ischemia-causing coronary stenoses by noninvasive fractional flow reserve computed from coronary computed tomographic angiograms. Results from the prospective multicenter DISCOVER-FLOW (Diagnosis of Ischemia-Causing Stenoses Obtained Via Noninvasive Fractional Flow Reserve) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011, 58:1989-97. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.06.066","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz592","article-title":"A novel machine learning-derived radiotranscriptomic signature of perivascular fat improves cardiac risk prediction using coronary CT angiography","volume":"40","author":"Oikonomou EK","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oikonomou EK, Williams MC, Kotanidis CP, et al.. A novel machine learning-derived radiotranscriptomic signature of perivascular fat improves cardiac risk prediction using coronary CT angiography. Eur Heart J. 2019, 40:3529-43. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz592","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.12.054","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in cardiovascular imaging: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"73","author":"Dey D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dey D, Slomka PJ, Leeson P, Comaniciu D, Shrestha S, Sengupta PP, Marwick TH. Artificial intelligence in cardiovascular imaging: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019, 73:1317-35. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.12.054","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz520","article-title":"Relationship between coronary plaque morphology of the left anterior descending artery and 12 months clinical outcome: the CLIMA study","volume":"41","author":"Prati F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prati F, Romagnoli E, Gatto L, et al.. Relationship between coronary plaque morphology of the left anterior descending artery and 12 months clinical outcome: the CLIMA study. Eur Heart J. 2020, 41:383-91. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz520","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.124.018235","article-title":"AI quantitative plaque features (CONFIRM2)","volume":"18","author":"Feuchtner GM","year":"2025","unstructured":"Feuchtner GM, Lacaita PG, Bax JJ, et al.. AI quantitative plaque features (CONFIRM2). Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2025, 18:018235. 10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.124.018235","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62652-2","article-title":"A deep learning-based automated diagnosis system for SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging","volume":"14","author":"Kusumoto D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kusumoto D, Akiyama T, Hashimoto M, et al.. A deep learning-based automated diagnosis system for SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging. Sci Rep. 2024, 14:13583. 10.1038\/s41598-024-62652-2","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2023.08.002","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-based quantitative coronary plaque analysis","volume":"17","author":"Kwiecinski J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kwiecinski J. Artificial intelligence-based quantitative coronary plaque analysis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2024, 17:281-3. 10.1016\/j.jcmg.2023.08.002","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad552","article-title":"Coronary revascularization guided by instantaneous wave-free ratio compared with fractional flow reserve: pooled 5-year mortality in the DEFINE-FLAIR and iFR-SWEDEHEART trials","volume":"44","author":"Berry C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Berry C, McClure JD, Oldroyd KG. Coronary revascularization guided by instantaneous wave-free ratio compared with fractional flow reserve: pooled 5-year mortality in the DEFINE-FLAIR and iFR-SWEDEHEART trials. Eur Heart J. 2023, 44:4388-90. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad552","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/493204-integrating-invasive-and-noninvasive-imaging-for-coronary-atherosclerosis-a-systematic-review-with-pragmatic-algorithms-from-anatomy-to-physiology","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T11:07:59Z","timestamp":1783422479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/493204-integrating-invasive-and-noninvasive-imaging-for-coronary-atherosclerosis-a-systematic-review-with-pragmatic-algorithms-from-anatomy-to-physiology"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"references-count":69,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.112199","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]}}}