{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T10:13:11Z","timestamp":1783505591213,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.112256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T09:13:29Z","timestamp":1783502009000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sonographic Grading of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Association With Serum Biomarkers, Echocardiography, and Electrocardiogram"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Channabasava","family":"Reddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madan Mohan Babu","family":"L","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh","family":"A","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiva","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chirag M","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051442","article-title":"Overview of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the role of sugary food consumption and other dietary components in its development","volume":"13","author":"Vancells Lujan P","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vancells Lujan P, Vi\u00f1as Esmel E, Sacanella Meseguer E. Overview of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the role of sugary food consumption and other dietary components in its development. Nutrients. 2021, 13:1442. 10.3390\/nu13051442","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-00980-1","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a review of pathophysiology, clinical management and effects of weight loss","volume":"22","author":"Pouwels S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pouwels S, Sakran N, Graham Y, et al.. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a review of pathophysiology, clinical management and effects of weight loss. BMC Endocr Disord. 2022, 22:63. 10.1186\/s12902-022-00980-1","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms\/150639","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus: where do we stand today?","volume":"19","author":"Mitrovic B","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mitrovic B, Gluvic ZM, Obradovic M, Radunovic M, Rizzo M, Banach M, Isenovic ER. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus: where do we stand today?. Arch Med Sci. 2023, 19:884-94. 10.5114\/aoms\/150639","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2019.09.005","article-title":"Natural history of simple steatosis or nonalcoholic fatty liver","volume":"10","author":"De A","year":"2020","unstructured":"De A, Duseja A. Natural history of simple steatosis or nonalcoholic fatty liver. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2020, 10:255-62. 10.1016\/j.jceh.2019.09.005","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3727\/105221619X15553433838609","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an update on the diagnosis","volume":"19","author":"Zhang JZ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang JZ, Cai JJ, Yu Y, She ZG, Li H. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an update on the diagnosis. Gene Expr. 2019, 19:187-98.","journal-title":"Gene Expr"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i40.6053","article-title":"Ultrasound-based techniques for the diagnosis of liver steatosis","volume":"25","author":"Ferraioli G","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferraioli G, Soares Monteiro LB. Ultrasound-based techniques for the diagnosis of liver steatosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2019, 25:6053-62. 10.3748\/wjg.v25.i40.6053","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11154581","article-title":"Role of ultrasound methods for the assessment of NAFLD","volume":"11","author":"Petzold G","year":"2022","unstructured":"Petzold G. Role of ultrasound methods for the assessment of NAFLD. J Clin Med. 2022, 11:4581. 10.3390\/jcm11154581","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12102287","article-title":"Ultrasound methods for the assessment of liver steatosis: a critical appraisal","volume":"12","author":"Bozic D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bozic D, Podrug K, Mikolasevic I, Grgurevic I. Ultrasound methods for the assessment of liver steatosis: a critical appraisal. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022, 12:2287. 10.3390\/diagnostics12102287","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/757929","article-title":"Biomarkers in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"28","author":"Neuman MG","year":"2014","unstructured":"Neuman MG, Cohen LB, Nanau RM. Biomarkers in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014, 28:607-18. 10.1155\/2014\/757929","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2020.04.018","article-title":"The association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and extrahepatic cancers","volume":"11","author":"Veracruz N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Veracruz N, Hameed B, Saab S, Wong RJ. The association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and extrahepatic cancers. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2021, 11:45-81. 10.1016\/j.jceh.2020.04.018","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1030968","article-title":"Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with left ventricular changes in treatment-naive patients with uncomplicated hypertension","volume":"9","author":"Catena C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Catena C, Brosolo G, Da Porto A, et al.. Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with left ventricular changes in treatment-naive patients with uncomplicated hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022, 9:1030968. 10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1030968","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"The correlation between echocardiographic findings and QT interval in cirrhotic patients","volume":"8","author":"Moaref A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moaref A, Zamirian M, Yazdani M, Salehi O, Sayadi M, Aghasadeghi K. The correlation between echocardiographic findings and QT interval in cirrhotic patients. Int Cardiovasc Res J. 2014, 8:39-43.","journal-title":"Int Cardiovasc Res J"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ejim.ejim_95_18","article-title":"Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"31","author":"Elsawaby AS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elsawaby AS, Al-Fiky RA, Mohamed AE, et al.. Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Egypt J Intern Med. 2019, 31:191-8. 10.4103\/ejim.ejim_95_18","journal-title":"Egypt J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0362","article-title":"Noninvasive serum biomarkers for liver steatosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: current and future developments","volume":"29","author":"Ahn SB","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahn SB. Noninvasive serum biomarkers for liver steatosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: current and future developments. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2023, 29:S150-6. 10.3350\/cmh.2022.0362","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.003","article-title":"Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"28","author":"Lang RM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, et al.. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015, 28:1-39.e14. 10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.003","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2014.05.002","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and predictors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among schoolchildren: a hospital-based study in Alexandria, Egypt","volume":"15","author":"Alkassabany YM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alkassabany YM, Farghaly AG, El-Ghitany EM. Prevalence, risk factors, and predictors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among schoolchildren: a hospital-based study in Alexandria, Egypt. Arab J Gastroenterol. 2014, 15:76-81. 10.1016\/j.ajg.2014.05.002","journal-title":"Arab J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2015.02.006","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome-position paper of the Indian National Association for the Study of the Liver, Endocrine Society of India, Indian College of Cardiology and Indian Society of Gastroenterology","volume":"5","author":"Duseja A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Duseja A, Singh SP, Saraswat VA, et al.. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome-position paper of the Indian National Association for the Study of the Liver, Endocrine Society of India, Indian College of Cardiology and Indian Society of Gastroenterology. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2015, 5:51-68. 10.1016\/j.jceh.2015.02.006","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/VSP150514093P","article-title":"Obesity and metabolic syndrome as risk factors for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as diagnosed by ultrasound","volume":"73","author":"Petrovi\u0107 G","year":"2016","unstructured":"Petrovi\u0107 G, Bjelakovi\u0107 G, Benedeto-Stojanov D, Nagorni A, Brza\u010dki V, Markovi\u0107-\u017divkovi\u0107 B. Obesity and metabolic syndrome as risk factors for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as diagnosed by ultrasound. Vojnosanit Pregl. 2016, 73:910-20. 10.2298\/VSP150514093P","journal-title":"Vojnosanit Pregl"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.53075","article-title":"Correlation of grades of non-alcoholic fatty liver on ultrasound with blood parameters","volume":"16","author":"Zafar U","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zafar U, Ahmad MN, Nadeem N, et al.. Correlation of grades of non-alcoholic fatty liver on ultrasound with blood parameters. Cureus. 2024, 16:e53075. 10.7759\/cureus.53075","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Predictive factors for ultrasonographic grading of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Ghamar-Chehreh ME","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ghamar-Chehreh ME, Khedmat H, Amini M, Taheri S. Predictive factors for ultrasonographic grading of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepat Mon. 2012, 12:e6860.","journal-title":"Hepat Mon"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.06.180","article-title":"Echocardiography and NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease)","volume":"221","author":"Trovato FM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Trovato FM, Martines GF, Catalano D, Musumeci G, Pirri C, Trovato GM. Echocardiography and NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). Int J Cardiol. 2016, 221:275-9. 10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.06.180","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241814292","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular diastolic function: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Goliopoulou A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goliopoulou A, Theofilis P, Oikonomou E, et al.. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular diastolic function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Mol Sci. 2023, 24:14292. 10.3390\/ijms241814292","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15101208","article-title":"Positive association between ultrasonographic fatty liver indicator and the severity of coronary artery disease","volume":"15","author":"Wang T","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang T, Wang Z, Luo P. Positive association between ultrasonographic fatty liver indicator and the severity of coronary artery disease. Diagnostics (Basel). 2025, 15:1208. 10.3390\/diagnostics15101208","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i29.4913","article-title":"Advanced glycation end product: a potential biomarker for risk stratification of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in ELSA-Brasil study","volume":"27","author":"Pereira EN","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pereira EN, Paula DP, de Araujo BP, da Fonseca MJ, Diniz MF, Daliry A, Griep RH. Advanced glycation end product: a potential biomarker for risk stratification of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in ELSA-Brasil study. World J Gastroenterol. 2021, 27:4913-28. 10.3748\/wjg.v27.i29.4913","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/512212-sonographic-grading-of-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-and-its-association-with-serum-biomarkers-echocardiography-and-electrocardiogram","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T09:13:30Z","timestamp":1783502010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/512212-sonographic-grading-of-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-and-its-association-with-serum-biomarkers-echocardiography-and-electrocardiogram"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"references-count":24,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.112256","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]}}}