{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T16:06:13Z","timestamp":1784304373852,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.112862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:32:04Z","timestamp":1784302324000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Persistent Cognitive Dysfunction in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: A Scoping Review of Neural Mechanisms, Interventions, and Critical Research Gaps"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Ananya Rao","family":"Prassanna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Designing for autonomy: enhancing the autonomy of young women with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) through interactive narrative","author":"Gobble J","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gobble J. Designing for autonomy: enhancing the autonomy of young women with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) through interactive narrative. University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR; 2025."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-025-01172-2","article-title":"Systematic literature review: treatment of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)","volume":"36","author":"Schiweck N","year":"2026","unstructured":"Schiweck N, Langer K, Maier A, Vilser D, Spiegler J. Systematic literature review: treatment of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Clin Auton Res. 2026, 36:3-16. 10.1007\/s10286-025-01172-2","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102977","article-title":"Pathophysiology and management of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): a literature review","volume":"50","author":"Ghazal M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ghazal M, Akkawi AR, Fancher A, Oundo E, Tanzeem H, Sajjad L, Briasoulis A. Pathophysiology and management of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): a literature review. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2025, 50:102977. 10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102977","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cardiol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003033882-3","article-title":"Cardiovascular physiology","author":"Smith TG","year":"2025","unstructured":"Smith TG. Cardiovascular physiology. Ernsting's Aviation and Space Medicine. Gradwell DP, Wilkinson E (ed): CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL; 2025. 14-20. 10.1201\/9781003033882-3"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.036752","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow in orthostatic intolerance","volume":"14","author":"Khan MS","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khan MS, Miller AJ, Ejaz A, et al.. Cerebral blood flow in orthostatic intolerance. J Am Heart Assoc. 2025, 14:e036752. 10.1161\/JAHA.124.036752","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2020.102692","article-title":"Attention and executive function are impaired during active standing in postural tachycardia syndrome","volume":"227","author":"Miller AJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miller AJ, Sheehan T, Bourne KM, Feeley M, Arnold AC. Attention and executive function are impaired during active standing in postural tachycardia syndrome. Auton Neurosci. 2020, 227:102692. 10.1016\/j.autneu.2020.102692","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1068410","article-title":"Reduced cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity is associated with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and pain chronification in patients with headache","volume":"17","author":"Mueller BR","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mueller BR, Ray C, Benitez A, Robinson-Papp J. Reduced cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity is associated with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and pain chronification in patients with headache. Front Hum Neurosci. 2023, 17:1068410. 10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1068410","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11344-z","article-title":"Immunotherapy with subcutaneous immunoglobulin or plasmapheresis in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)","volume":"270","author":"Kesterson K","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kesterson K, Schofield J, Blitshteyn S. Immunotherapy with subcutaneous immunoglobulin or plasmapheresis in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). J Neurol. 2023, 270:233-239. 10.1007\/s00415-022-11344-z","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1515486","article-title":"Oral medications for the treatment of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome; a systematic review of studies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"15","author":"Pierson BC","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pierson BC, Apilado K, Franzos MA, et al.. Oral medications for the treatment of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome; a systematic review of studies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Neurol. 2024, 15:1515486. 10.3389\/fneur.2024.1515486","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.06.004","article-title":"Management of headache and chronic pain in POTS","volume":"215","author":"Cook GA Jr","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cook GA Jr, Sandroni P. Management of headache and chronic pain in POTS. Auton Neurosci. 2018, 215:37-45. 10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.06.004","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000001346","article-title":"Correlates and predictors of symptom severity over time in people under investigation for postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome","volume":"86","author":"Knoop I","year":"2024","unstructured":"Knoop I, Jones AS, Gall N, Norton S, Pascoe W, Moss-Morris R. Correlates and predictors of symptom severity over time in people under investigation for postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. Psychosom Med. 2024, 86:800-809. 10.1097\/PSY.0000000000001346","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07380577.2021.2004485","article-title":"Cognition and postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS): participant-identified challenges and strategies, and implications for intervention","volume":"36","author":"Hollingsworth C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hollingsworth C, Boyette V, Rich EM, Vas A. Cognition and postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS): participant-identified challenges and strategies, and implications for intervention. Occup Ther Health Care. 2022, 36:220-236. 10.1080\/07380577.2021.2004485","journal-title":"Occup Ther Health Care"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00230","article-title":"Cognitive function, health-related quality of life, and symptoms of depression and anxiety sensitivity are impaired in patients with the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)","volume":"5","author":"Anderson JW","year":"2014","unstructured":"Anderson JW, Lambert EA, Sari CI, Dawood T, Esler MD, Vaddadi G, Lambert GW. Cognitive function, health-related quality of life, and symptoms of depression and anxiety sensitivity are impaired in patients with the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Front Physiol. 2014, 5:230. 10.3389\/fphys.2014.00230","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.07.001","article-title":"Exercise and non-pharmacological treatment of POTS","volume":"215","author":"Fu Q","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fu Q, Levine BD. Exercise and non-pharmacological treatment of POTS. Auton Neurosci. 2018, 215:20-27. 10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.07.001","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.043","article-title":"Plasma exchange improves cognitive function in long-COVID-related postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and autoimmune neurological dysfunction","volume":"138","author":"Seeley MC","year":"2025","unstructured":"Seeley MC, Hooper M, Tan J, Wells R, Gallagher C, Lau DH. Plasma exchange improves cognitive function in long-COVID-related postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and autoimmune neurological dysfunction. Am J Med. 2025, 138:153-154. 10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.043","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00113","article-title":"Cognitive impairments associated with CFS and POTS","volume":"4","author":"Shanks L","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shanks L, Jason LA, Evans M, Brown A. Cognitive impairments associated with CFS and POTS. Front Physiol. 2013, 4:113. 10.3389\/fphys.2013.00113","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0000000000000953","article-title":"Noninvasive vagal nerve stimulation for the treatment of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: a comprehensive review","author":"Tran HH","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tran HH, Thu A, Fuertes A, et al.. Noninvasive vagal nerve stimulation for the treatment of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: a comprehensive review. Cardiol Rev. 2025, 10.1097\/CRD.0000000000000953","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0327236","article-title":"Pathophysiological mechanisms of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome analyzed by means of hemodynamics","volume":"20","author":"Wei L","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wei L, Cheng H, Chen S, et al.. Pathophysiological mechanisms of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome analyzed by means of hemodynamics. PLoS One. 2025, 20:e0327236. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0327236","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.01.025","article-title":"Efficacy of therapies for postural tachycardia syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"93","author":"Wells R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wells R, Elliott AD, Mahajan R, Page A, Iodice V, Sanders P, Lau DH. Efficacy of therapies for postural tachycardia syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018, 93:1043-1053. 10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.01.025","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14020170","article-title":"Possible role of fibrinaloid microclots in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): focus on long COVID","volume":"14","author":"Kell DB","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kell DB, Khan MA, Kane B, Lip GY, Pretorius E. Possible role of fibrinaloid microclots in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): focus on long COVID. J Pers Med. 2024, 14:170. 10.3390\/jpm14020170","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-87748-4","article-title":"Novel brain SPECT imaging unravels abnormal cerebral perfusion in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and cognitive dysfunction","volume":"15","author":"Seeley MC","year":"2025","unstructured":"Seeley MC, O'Brien H, Wilson G, et al.. Novel brain SPECT imaging unravels abnormal cerebral perfusion in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and cognitive dysfunction. Sci Rep. 2025, 15:3487. 10.1038\/s41598-025-87748-4","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.017861","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow and cognitive performance in postural tachycardia syndrome: insights from sustained cognitive stress test","volume":"9","author":"Wells R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wells R, Malik V, Brooks AG, et al.. Cerebral blood flow and cognitive performance in postural tachycardia syndrome: insights from sustained cognitive stress test. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020, 9:e017861. 10.1161\/JAHA.120.017861","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.03.004","article-title":"Cognitive and psychological issues in postural tachycardia syndrome","volume":"215","author":"Raj V","year":"2018","unstructured":"Raj V, Opie M, Arnold AC. Cognitive and psychological issues in postural tachycardia syndrome. Auton Neurosci. 2018, 215:46-55. 10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.03.004","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-024-01020-9","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of intravenous immunoglobulin for autoimmune postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (iSTAND)","volume":"34","author":"Vernino S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vernino S, Hopkins S, Bryarly M, Hernandez RS, Salter A. Randomized controlled trial of intravenous immunoglobulin for autoimmune postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (iSTAND). Clin Auton Res. 2024, 34:153-163. 10.1007\/s10286-024-01020-9","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2022.103052","article-title":"Self-reported symptom burden in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): a narrative review of observational and interventional studies","volume":"244","author":"Knoop I","year":"2023","unstructured":"Knoop I, Picariello F, Jenkinson E, Gall N, Chisari C, Moss-Morris R. Self-reported symptom burden in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): a narrative review of observational and interventional studies. Auton Neurosci. 2023, 244:103052. 10.1016\/j.autneu.2022.103052","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10519815241297469","article-title":"Bridging the gap between cognitive tasks and abilities","volume":"80","author":"Percy TL","year":"2025","unstructured":"Percy TL, Matheson LN. Bridging the gap between cognitive tasks and abilities. Work. 2025, 80:1913-1926. 10.1177\/10519815241297469","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Investigating the personal and potential use of wearable technology to monitor postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS)","author":"Sales R","year":"2026","unstructured":"Sales R. Investigating the personal and potential use of wearable technology to monitor postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS). University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK; 2026."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-023-01355-x","article-title":"A multimodal precision-prevention approach combining lifestyle intervention with metformin repurposing to prevent cognitive impairment and disability: the MET-FINGER randomised controlled trial protocol","volume":"16","author":"Barbera M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barbera M, Lehtisalo J, Perera D, et al.. A multimodal precision-prevention approach combining lifestyle intervention with metformin repurposing to prevent cognitive impairment and disability: the MET-FINGER randomised controlled trial protocol. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2024, 16:23. 10.1186\/s13195-023-01355-x","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15394492251353567","article-title":"Enhancing cognitive functioning in schizophrenia through occupational therapy interventions: a systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Stratou E","year":"2026","unstructured":"Stratou E, Gerosideris N, Daskalou SD, Katsouri IG. Enhancing cognitive functioning in schizophrenia through occupational therapy interventions: a systematic review. OTJR (Thorofare N J). 2026, 46:517-529. 10.1177\/15394492251353567","journal-title":"OTJR (Thorofare N J)"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.64898\/2025.12.29.696828","article-title":"Post-translational modifications within fibrinaloid microclot complexes distinguish pre-COVID-19 postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), long COVID, and long COVID-POTS and reveal disease-specific molecular pathways [PREPRINT]","author":"Booyens RM","year":"2025","unstructured":"Booyens RM, Vlok M, Bester C, et al.. Post-translational modifications within fibrinaloid microclot complexes distinguish pre-COVID-19 postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), long COVID, and long COVID-POTS and reveal disease-specific molecular pathways [PREPRINT]. bioRxiv. 2025, 10.64898\/2025.12.29.696828","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.14487","article-title":"Mast cell versus basophil activation test in allergy: current status","volume":"54","author":"Ebo DG","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ebo DG, Bahri R, Tontini C, et al.. Mast cell versus basophil activation test in allergy: current status. Clin Exp Allergy. 2024, 54:378-387. 10.1111\/cea.14487","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07380577.2022.2116666","article-title":"The goals and outcomes of adolescent and young adults with POTS attending an intensive interdisciplinary treatment program","volume":"38","author":"Oetjen L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oetjen L, Johannsen A, Bean J, Sim L, Harrison T, Tsai Owens M, Harbeck-Weber C. The goals and outcomes of adolescent and young adults with POTS attending an intensive interdisciplinary treatment program. Occup Ther Health Care. 2024, 38:768-782. 10.1080\/07380577.2022.2116666","journal-title":"Occup Ther Health Care"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2024.2415070","article-title":"Fatigue management: a systematic review of objective measurement techniques for cognitive fatigue","volume":"46","author":"Dickens A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dickens A, Champion AJ, Schenke KC. Fatigue management: a systematic review of objective measurement techniques for cognitive fatigue. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2024, 46:776-793. 10.1080\/13803395.2024.2415070","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Digital fatigue and cognitive overload as managerial challenges: understanding the impact of workload management on the workforce","volume":"3","author":"Pasha MA","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pasha MA, Nadeem S, Rasool A, et al.. Digital fatigue and cognitive overload as managerial challenges: understanding the impact of workload management on the workforce. Crit Rev Soc Sci Stud. 2025, 3:1629-1641.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Soc Sci Stud"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/510254-persistent-cognitive-dysfunction-in-postural-orthostatic-tachycardia-syndrome-a-scoping-review-of-neural-mechanisms-interventions-and-critical-research-gaps","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:32:05Z","timestamp":1784302325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/510254-persistent-cognitive-dysfunction-in-postural-orthostatic-tachycardia-syndrome-a-scoping-review-of-neural-mechanisms-interventions-and-critical-research-gaps"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"references-count":34,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.112862","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]}}}