{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T03:01:44Z","timestamp":1784775704505,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.113186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T02:23:26Z","timestamp":1784773406000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bridging the Gap in Sj\u00f6gren's Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Unmet Needs, Diagnostic Challenges, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Thanda","family":"Aung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-025-01268-z","article-title":"2023 International Rome consensus for the nomenclature of Sj\u00f6gren disease","volume":"21","author":"Ramos-Casals M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ramos-Casals M, Baer AN, Brito-Zer\u00f3n MD, et al.. 2023 International Rome consensus for the nomenclature of Sj\u00f6gren disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2025, 21:426-37. 10.1038\/s41584-025-01268-z","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.47","article-title":"Sj\u00f6gren syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Brito-Zer\u00f3n P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brito-Zer\u00f3n P, Baldini C, Bootsma H, et al.. Sj\u00f6gren syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016, 2:16047. 10.1038\/nrdp.2016.47","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-024-01135-3","article-title":"Update on the pathophysiology and treatment of primary Sj\u00f6gren syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Baldini C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baldini C, Fulvio G, La Rocca G, Ferro F. Update on the pathophysiology and treatment of primary Sj\u00f6gren syndrome. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2024, 20:473-91. 10.1038\/s41584-024-01135-3","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/karr2a","article-title":"Impact of time to diagnosis in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome: a cross-sectional study","volume":"42","author":"Meinecke A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meinecke A, Kreis K, Olson P, et al.. Impact of time to diagnosis in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome: a cross-sectional study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2024, 42:2444-52. 10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/karr2a","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9030363","article-title":"Diagnostic delay in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan","volume":"9","author":"Huang YT","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang YT, Lu TH, Chou PL, Weng MY. Diagnostic delay in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan. Healthcare (Basel). 2021, 9:363. 10.3390\/healthcare9030363","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2016.03.010","article-title":"New treatment guidelines for Sj\u00f6gren's disease","volume":"42","author":"Vivino FB","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vivino FB, Carsons SE, Foulks G, et al.. New treatment guidelines for Sj\u00f6gren's disease. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2016, 42:531-51. 10.1016\/j.rdc.2016.03.010","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216114","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome with topical and systemic therapies","volume":"79","author":"Ramos-Casals M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramos-Casals M, Brito-Zer\u00f3n P, Bombardieri S, et al.. EULAR recommendations for the management of Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome with topical and systemic therapies. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020, 79:3-18. 10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216114","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae218","article-title":"Executive summary: British Society for Rheumatology guideline on management of adult and juvenile onset Sj\u00f6gren disease","volume":"64","author":"Price EJ","year":"2025","unstructured":"Price EJ, Benjamin S, Bombardieri M, et al.. Executive summary: British Society for Rheumatology guideline on management of adult and juvenile onset Sj\u00f6gren disease. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2025, 64:396-408. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae218","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205375","article-title":"Epidemiology of primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Qin B","year":"2015","unstructured":"Qin B, Wang J, Yang Z, Yang M, Ma N, Huang F, Zhong R. Epidemiology of primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015, 74:1983-9. 10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205375","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23707","article-title":"The incidence and prevalence of adult primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome in New York County","volume":"71","author":"Izmirly PM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Izmirly PM, Buyon JP, Wan I, et al.. The incidence and prevalence of adult primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome in New York County. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2019, 71:949-60. 10.1002\/acr.23707","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(24)00059-6","article-title":"The Florida Scoring System for stratifying children with suspected Sj\u00f6gren's disease: a cross-sectional machine learning study","volume":"6","author":"Zeng W","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zeng W, Thatayatikom A, Winn N, et al.. The Florida Scoring System for stratifying children with suspected Sj\u00f6gren's disease: a cross-sectional machine learning study. Lancet Rheumatol. 2024, 6:e279-90. 10.1016\/S2665-9913(24)00059-6","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.110619","article-title":"EULAR Sjogren's syndrome disease activity index: development of a consensus systemic disease activity index for primary Sjogren's syndrome","volume":"69","author":"Seror R","year":"2010","unstructured":"Seror R, Ravaud P, Bowman SJ, et al.. EULAR Sjogren's syndrome disease activity index: development of a consensus systemic disease activity index for primary Sjogren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010, 69:1103-9. 10.1136\/ard.2009.110619","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket349","article-title":"Systemic involvement in primary Sjogren's syndrome evaluated by the EULAR-SS disease activity index: analysis of 921 Spanish patients (GEAS-SS Registry)","volume":"53","author":"Ramos-Casals M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramos-Casals M, Brito-Zer\u00f3n P, Solans R, et al.. Systemic involvement in primary Sjogren's syndrome evaluated by the EULAR-SS disease activity index: analysis of 921 Spanish patients (GEAS-SS Registry). Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014, 53:321-31. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket349","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.143743","article-title":"EULAR Sjogren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI): development of a consensus patient index for primary Sjogren's syndrome","volume":"70","author":"Seror R","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seror R, Ravaud P, Mariette X, et al.. EULAR Sjogren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI): development of a consensus patient index for primary Sjogren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011, 70:968-72. 10.1136\/ard.2010.143743","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204615","article-title":"Validation of EULAR primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome disease activity (ESSDAI) and patient indexes (ESSPRI)","volume":"74","author":"Seror R","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seror R, Theander E, Brun JG, et al.. Validation of EULAR primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome disease activity (ESSDAI) and patient indexes (ESSPRI). Ann Rheum Dis. 2015, 74:859-66. 10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204615","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2026.102743","article-title":"Clinical trials and new therapies in Sj\u00f6gren's disease","volume":"100","author":"Patel V","year":"2026","unstructured":"Patel V, Salas A, Grader-Beck T. Clinical trials and new therapies in Sj\u00f6gren's disease. Curr Opin Immunol. 2026, 100:102743. 10.1016\/j.coi.2026.102743","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Ianalumab demonstrates significant reduction in disease activity in patients with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s disease. Efficacy and safety results from two global Phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind studies (NEPTUNUS-1 and NEPTUNUS-2). (2025). Accessed: July 3, 2026: https:\/\/acrabstracts.org\/abstract\/ianalumab-demonstrates-significant-reduction-in-disease-activity-in-patients-with-s...."},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"Two-arm Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Ianalumab (VAY736) in Patients With Active Sjogren's Syndrome (NEPTUNUS-1). (2026). Accessed. July 3, 2026: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05350072."},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Three-arm Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Ianalumab (VAY736) in Patients With Active Sjogren's Syndrome (NEPTUNUS-2). (2026). Accessed. July 3, 2026: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05349214."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01430-8","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of nipocalimab in patients with moderate-to-severe Sj\u00f6gren's disease (DAHLIAS): a randomised, phase 2, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial","volume":"406","author":"Noaiseh G","year":"2025","unstructured":"Noaiseh G, Sivils KL, Campbell K, et al.. Efficacy and safety of nipocalimab in patients with moderate-to-severe Sj\u00f6gren's disease (DAHLIAS): a randomised, phase 2, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2025, 406:2435-48.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03009-3","article-title":"CD40 ligand antagonist dazodalibep in Sj\u00f6gren's disease: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"30","author":"St Clair EW","year":"2024","unstructured":"St Clair EW, Baer AN, Ng WF, et al.. CD40 ligand antagonist dazodalibep in Sj\u00f6gren's disease: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Nat Med. 2024, 30:1583-92. 10.1038\/s41591-024-03009-3","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(19)30135-3","article-title":"Assessment of the anti-CD40 antibody iscalimab in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept study","volume":"2","author":"Fisher BA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fisher BA, Szanto A, Ng WF, et al.. Assessment of the anti-CD40 antibody iscalimab in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept study. Lancet Rheumatol. 2020, 2:e142-52.","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/510671-bridging-the-gap-in-sjgrens-disease-a-comprehensive-review-of-unmet-needs-diagnostic-challenges-and-emerging-therapeutic-strategies","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T02:23:28Z","timestamp":1784773408000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/510671-bridging-the-gap-in-sjgrens-disease-a-comprehensive-review-of-unmet-needs-diagnostic-challenges-and-emerging-therapeutic-strategies"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"references-count":22,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.113186","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]}}}