{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T19:00:35Z","timestamp":1784833235945,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.113242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:02:53Z","timestamp":1784829773000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamic Procalcitonin Trajectories Predict Adverse Outcomes in Acute-on-Chronic Pancreatitis"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Dibya J","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bikram","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhisek","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhinav","family":"Nath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phulen","family":"Sarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000007075","article-title":"Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2026","volume":"54","author":"Prescott HC","year":"2026","unstructured":"Prescott HC, Antonelli M, Alhazzani W, et al.. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2026. Crit Care Med. 2026, 54:725-812. 10.1097\/CCM.0000000000007075","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199404283301706","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis","volume":"330","author":"Steinberg W","year":"1994","unstructured":"Steinberg W, Tenner S. Acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med. 1994, 330:1198-210. 10.1056\/NEJM199404283301706","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.14242","article-title":"Acute-on-chronic pancreatitis: analysis of clinical profile and outcome","volume":"13","author":"Sharma D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma D, Mallick B, Samanta J, Gupta V, Sinha SK, Kochhar R. Acute-on-chronic pancreatitis: analysis of clinical profile and outcome. Cureus. 2021, 13:e14242. 10.7759\/cureus.14242","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2023.01.010","article-title":"Position statement on the definition, incidence, diagnosis and outcome of acute on chronic pancreatitis","volume":"23","author":"Bou\u00e7a-Machado T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bou\u00e7a-Machado T, Bouwense SA, Brand M, et al.. Position statement on the definition, incidence, diagnosis and outcome of acute on chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2023, 23:143-50. 10.1016\/j.pan.2023.01.010","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01873.x","article-title":"A note of caution for the doctor on duty: take the acute attack in chronic pancreatitis seriously!","volume":"263","author":"Lankisch PG","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lankisch PG, Brinkmann G, Maisonneuve P, Lowenfels AB. A note of caution for the doctor on duty: take the acute attack in chronic pancreatitis seriously!. J Intern Med. 2008, 263:109-11. 10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01873.x","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2015.043","article-title":"Blood tests for acute pancreatitis","volume":"38","author":"Basnayake C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Basnayake C, Ratnam D. Blood tests for acute pancreatitis. Aust Prescr. 2015, 38:128-30. 10.18773\/austprescr.2015.043","journal-title":"Aust Prescr"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302779","article-title":"Classification of acute pancreatitis--2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus","volume":"62","author":"Banks PA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Banks PA, Bollen TL, Dervenis C, et al.. Classification of acute pancreatitis--2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. Gut. 2013, 62:102-11. 10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302779","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9592831","article-title":"Blood urea nitrogen as a predictor of severe acute pancreatitis based on the revised Atlanta criteria: timing of measurement and cutoff points","volume":"2017","author":"Lin S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin S, Hong W, Basharat Z, Wang Q, Pan J, Zhou M. Blood urea nitrogen as a predictor of severe acute pancreatitis based on the revised Atlanta criteria: timing of measurement and cutoff points. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017, 2017:9592831. 10.1155\/2017\/9592831","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2020.02.190173","article-title":"Prognostic indices for advance care planning in primary care: a scoping review","volume":"33","author":"Kim P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim P, Daly JM, Berry-Stoelzle MA, Schmidt ME, Michaels LC, Dorr DA, Levy BT. Prognostic indices for advance care planning in primary care: a scoping review. J Am Board Fam Med. 2020, 33:322-38. 10.3122\/jabfm.2020.02.190173","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90277-n","article-title":"High serum procalcitonin concentrations in patients with sepsis and infection","volume":"341","author":"Assicot M","year":"1993","unstructured":"Assicot M, Gendrel D, Carsin H, Raymond J, Guilbaud J, Bohuon C. High serum procalcitonin concentrations in patients with sepsis and infection. Lancet. 1993, 341:515-8. 10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90277-n","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Ranson Criteria (Archived)","author":"Basit H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Basit H, Ruan GJ, Mukherjee S. Ranson Criteria (Archived). StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island, FL; 2022."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200101000-00016","article-title":"Procalcitonin, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, and soluble E-selectin in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis","volume":"29","author":"Kyl\u00e4np\u00e4\u00e4-B\u00e4ck ML","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kyl\u00e4np\u00e4\u00e4-B\u00e4ck ML, Takala A, Kemppainen EA, et al.. Procalcitonin, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, and soluble E-selectin in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis. Crit Care Med. 2001, 29:63-9. 10.1097\/00003246-200101000-00016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1018887704337","article-title":"Diagnostic relevance of interleukin pattern, acute-phase proteins, and procalcitonin in early phase of post-ERCP pancreatitis","volume":"43","author":"Oezcueruemez-Porsch M","year":"1998","unstructured":"Oezcueruemez-Porsch M, Kunz D, Hardt PD, et al.. Diagnostic relevance of interleukin pattern, acute-phase proteins, and procalcitonin in early phase of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci. 1998, 43:1763-9. 10.1023\/a:1018887704337","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.2001.01673.x","article-title":"Procalcitonin strip test in the early detection of severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"88","author":"Kyl\u00e4np\u00e4\u00e4-B\u00e4ck ML","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kyl\u00e4np\u00e4\u00e4-B\u00e4ck ML, Takala A, Kemppainen E, Puolakkainen P, Haapiainen R, Repo H. Procalcitonin strip test in the early detection of severe acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg. 2001, 88:222-7. 10.1046\/j.1365-2168.2001.01673.x","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/421997","article-title":"Serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels as markers of bacterial infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Simon L","year":"2004","unstructured":"Simon L, Gauvin F, Amre DK, Saint-Louis P, Lacroix J. Serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels as markers of bacterial infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2004, 39:206-17. 10.1086\/421997","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(84)80839-x","article-title":"The complete sequence of human preprocalcitonin","volume":"13","author":"Le Moullec JM","year":"1984","unstructured":"Le Moullec JM, Jullienne A, Chenais J, Lasmoles F, Guliana JM, Milhaud G, Moukhtar MS. The complete sequence of human preprocalcitonin. FEBS Lett. 1984, 13:93-7. 10.1016\/0014-5793(84)80839-x","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0B013E318165BABB","article-title":"Procalcitonin assay in systemic inflammation, infection, and sepsis: clinical utility and limitations","volume":"36","author":"Becker KL","year":"2008","unstructured":"Becker KL, Snider R, Nylen ES. Procalcitonin assay in systemic inflammation, infection, and sepsis: clinical utility and limitations. Crit Care Med. 2008, 36:941-52. 10.1097\/CCM.0B013E318165BABB","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.41.6.832","article-title":"The potential role of procalcitonin and interleukin-8 in the prediction of infected necrosis in acute pancreatitis","volume":"41","author":"Rau B","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rau B, Steinbach G, Gansauge F, Mayer JM, Gr\u00fcnert A, Beger HG. The potential role of procalcitonin and interleukin-8 in the prediction of infected necrosis in acute pancreatitis. Gut. 1997, 41:832-40. 10.1136\/gut.41.6.832","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2009.02.013","article-title":"The value of procalcitonin at predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis and development of infected pancreatic necrosis: systematic review","volume":"146","author":"Mofidi R","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mofidi R, Suttie SA, Patil PV, Ogston S, Parks RW. The value of procalcitonin at predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis and development of infected pancreatic necrosis: systematic review. Surgery. 2009, 146:72-81. 10.1016\/j.surg.2009.02.013","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2016.57587","article-title":"Procalcitonin kinetics - prognostic and diagnostic significance in septic patients","volume":"12","author":"Lipi\u0144ska-Gediga M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lipi\u0144ska-Gediga M, Mierzcha\u0142a-Pasierb M, Durek G. Procalcitonin kinetics - prognostic and diagnostic significance in septic patients. Arch Med Sci. 2016, 12:112-9. 10.5114\/aoms.2016.57587","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.05.012","article-title":"Fibrosis reduces severity of acute-on-chronic pancreatitis in humans","volume":"145","author":"Acharya C","year":"2013","unstructured":"Acharya C, Cline RA, Jaligama D, et al.. Fibrosis reduces severity of acute-on-chronic pancreatitis in humans. Gastroenterology. 2013, 145:466-75. 10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.05.012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e3182a85af3","article-title":"A population-based study of severity in patients with acute on chronic pancreatitis","volume":"42","author":"Akshintala VS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Akshintala VS, Hutfless SM, Yadav D, et al.. A population-based study of severity in patients with acute on chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas. 2013, 42:1245-50. 10.1097\/MPA.0b013e3182a85af3","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-199801000-00008","article-title":"A comparison of lipase and amylase in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in patients with abdominal pain","volume":"16","author":"Keim V","year":"1998","unstructured":"Keim V, Teich N, Fiedler F, Hartig W, Thiele G, M\u00f6ssner J. A comparison of lipase and amylase in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in patients with abdominal pain. Pancreas. 1998, 16:45-9. 10.1097\/00006676-199801000-00008","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2001.02220.x","article-title":"Evaluation of amylase and lipase in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis","volume":"71","author":"Treacy J","year":"2001","unstructured":"Treacy J, Williams A, Bais R, et al.. Evaluation of amylase and lipase in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. ANZ J Surg. 2001, 71:577-82. 10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2001.02220.x","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2018-1181","article-title":"Procalcitonin (PCT)-guided antibiotic stewardship: an international experts consensus on optimized clinical use","volume":"57","author":"Schuetz P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schuetz P, Beishuizen A, Broyles M, et al.. Procalcitonin (PCT)-guided antibiotic stewardship: an international experts consensus on optimized clinical use. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2019, 57:1308-18. 10.1515\/cclm-2018-1181","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.06.034","article-title":"Screening and treatment of vitamin D deficiency on hospital admission: is there a benefit for medical inpatients?","volume":"129","author":"Gr\u00e4del L","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gr\u00e4del L, Merker M, Mueller B, Schuetz P. Screening and treatment of vitamin D deficiency on hospital admission: is there a benefit for medical inpatients?. Am J Med. 2016, 129:116.e1-116.e34. 10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.06.034","journal-title":"Am J Med"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/514080-dynamic-procalcitonin-trajectories-predict-adverse-outcomes-in-acute-on-chronic-pancreatitis","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:02:54Z","timestamp":1784829774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/514080-dynamic-procalcitonin-trajectories-predict-adverse-outcomes-in-acute-on-chronic-pancreatitis"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"references-count":26,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.113242","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]}}}