{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T21:01:12Z","timestamp":1784840472144,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.113248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T20:09:43Z","timestamp":1784837383000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gut Microbiome Composition and Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Melanoma: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Keemaya G","family":"Joglekar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan4236","article-title":"Gut microbiome modulates response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients","volume":"359","author":"Gopalakrishnan V","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gopalakrishnan V, Spencer CN, Nezi L, et al.. Gut microbiome modulates response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients. Science. 2018, 359:97-103. 10.1126\/science.aan4236","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01695-5","article-title":"Cross-cohort gut microbiome associations with immune checkpoint inhibitor response in advanced melanoma","volume":"28","author":"Lee KA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee KA, Thomas AM, Bolte LA, et al.. Cross-cohort gut microbiome associations with immune checkpoint inhibitor response in advanced melanoma. Nat Med. 2022, 28:535-44. 10.1038\/s41591-022-01695-5","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1539653","article-title":"Revealing gut microbiota biomarkers associated with melanoma immunotherapy response and key bacteria-fungi interaction relationships: evidence from metagenomics, machine learning, and SHAP methodology","volume":"16","author":"Zhou Y","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Han W, Feng Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Sun T, Xu J. Revealing gut microbiota biomarkers associated with melanoma immunotherapy response and key bacteria-fungi interaction relationships: evidence from metagenomics, machine learning, and SHAP methodology. Front Immunol. 2025, 16:1539653. 10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1539653","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-024-03918-9","article-title":"Exploring correlations between gut mycobiome and lymphocytes in melanoma patients undergoing anti-PD-1 therapy","volume":"74","author":"Sz\u00f3stak N","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sz\u00f3stak N, Budnik M, Tomela K, et al.. Exploring correlations between gut mycobiome and lymphocytes in melanoma patients undergoing anti-PD-1 therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2025, 74:110. 10.1007\/s00262-024-03918-9","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0000000000000656","article-title":"Gut microbial species and metabolic pathways associated with response to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic melanoma","volume":"30","author":"Wind TT","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wind TT, Gacesa R, Vich Vila A, de Haan JJ, Jalving M, Weersma RK, Hospers GA. Gut microbial species and metabolic pathways associated with response to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic melanoma. Melanoma Res. 2020, 30:235-46. 10.1097\/CMR.0000000000000656","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.10.006","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of the gut microbiota during anti-PD-1 therapy reveals stable microbial features of response in melanoma patients","volume":"32","author":"Macandog AD","year":"2024","unstructured":"Macandog AD, Catozzi C, Capone M, et al.. Longitudinal analysis of the gut microbiota during anti-PD-1 therapy reveals stable microbial features of response in melanoma patients. Cell Host Microbe. 2024, 32:2004-18.e9. 10.1016\/j.chom.2024.10.006","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01406-6","article-title":"Gut microbiota signatures are associated with toxicity to combined CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade","volume":"27","author":"Andrews MC","year":"2021","unstructured":"Andrews MC, Duong CP, Gopalakrishnan V, et al.. Gut microbiota signatures are associated with toxicity to combined CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade. Nat Med. 2021, 27:1432-41. 10.1038\/s41591-021-01406-6","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01698-2","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota signatures of clinical response and immune-related adverse events in melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1","volume":"28","author":"McCulloch JA","year":"2022","unstructured":"McCulloch JA, Davar D, Rodrigues RR, et al.. Intestinal microbiota signatures of clinical response and immune-related adverse events in melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1. Nat Med. 2022, 28:545-56. 10.1038\/s41591-022-01698-2","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14215369","article-title":"A clinical outcome of the anti-PD-1 therapy of melanoma in Polish patients is mediated by population-specific gut microbiome composition","volume":"14","author":"Pietrzak B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pietrzak B, Tomela K, Olejnik-Schmidt A, et al.. A clinical outcome of the anti-PD-1 therapy of melanoma in Polish patients is mediated by population-specific gut microbiome composition. Cancers (Basel). 2022, 14:5369. 10.3390\/cancers14215369","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01965-2","article-title":"Diet-driven microbial ecology underpins associations between cancer immunotherapy outcomes and the gut microbiome","volume":"28","author":"Simpson RC","year":"2022","unstructured":"Simpson RC, Shanahan ER, Batten M, et al.. Diet-driven microbial ecology underpins associations between cancer immunotherapy outcomes and the gut microbiome. Nat Med. 2022, 28:2344-52. 10.1038\/s41591-022-01965-2","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-021-00974-z","article-title":"Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides dorei predict immune-related adverse events in immune checkpoint blockade treatment of metastatic melanoma","volume":"13","author":"Usyk M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Usyk M, Pandey A, Hayes RB, et al.. Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides dorei predict immune-related adverse events in immune checkpoint blockade treatment of metastatic melanoma. Genome Med. 2021, 13:160. 10.1186\/s13073-021-00974-z","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:n71. 10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne JA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Hern\u00e1n MA, Reeves BC, et al.. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016, 355:i4919. 10.1136\/bmj.i4919","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao3290","article-title":"The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients","volume":"359","author":"Matson V","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matson V, Fessler J, Bao R, et al.. The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients. Science. 2018, 359:104-8. 10.1126\/science.aao3290","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02803-3","article-title":"Longitudinal gut microbiome changes in immune checkpoint blockade-treated advanced melanoma","volume":"30","author":"Bj\u00f6rk JR","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rk JR, Bolte LA, Maltez Thomas A, et al.. Longitudinal gut microbiome changes in immune checkpoint blockade-treated advanced melanoma. Nat Med. 2024, 30:785-96. 10.1038\/s41591-024-02803-3","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-23-0592","article-title":"Gut mycobiota dysbiosis is associated with melanoma and response to anti-PD-1 therapy","volume":"12","author":"Sz\u00f3stak N","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sz\u00f3stak N, Handschuh L, Samelak-Czajka A, et al.. Gut mycobiota dysbiosis is associated with melanoma and response to anti-PD-1 therapy. Cancer Immunol Res. 2024, 12:427-39. 10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-23-0592","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202302480","article-title":"Systemic metabolic depletion of gut microbiome undermines responsiveness to melanoma immunotherapy","volume":"7","author":"Zakharevich NV","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zakharevich NV, Morozov MD, Kanaeva VA, et al.. Systemic metabolic depletion of gut microbiome undermines responsiveness to melanoma immunotherapy. Life Sci Alliance. 2024, 7:e202302480. 10.26508\/lsa.202302480","journal-title":"Life Sci Alliance"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.01023-22","article-title":"Consistent stool metagenomic biomarkers associated with the response to melanoma immunotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Olekhnovich EI","year":"2023","unstructured":"Olekhnovich EI, Ivanov AB, Babkina AA, Sokolov AA, Ulyantsev VI, Fedorov DE, Ilina EN. Consistent stool metagenomic biomarkers associated with the response to melanoma immunotherapy. mSystems. 2023, 8:e0102322. 10.1128\/msystems.01023-22","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-11551-5","article-title":"TIGIT+ NK cells in combination with specific gut microbiota features predict response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in melanoma patients","volume":"23","author":"Tsakmaklis A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsakmaklis A, Farowski F, Zenner R, et al.. TIGIT+ NK cells in combination with specific gut microbiota features predict response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in melanoma patients. BMC Cancer. 2023, 23:1160. 10.1186\/s12885-023-11551-5","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2024.2374954","article-title":"Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strain EXL01 boosts efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"13","author":"Bredon M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bredon M, Danne C, Pham HP, et al.. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strain EXL01 boosts efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Oncoimmunology. 2024, 13:2374954. 10.1080\/2162402X.2024.2374954","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx108","article-title":"Baseline gut microbiota predicts clinical response and colitis in metastatic melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab","volume":"28","author":"Chaput N","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chaput N, Lepage P, Coutzac C, et al.. Baseline gut microbiota predicts clinical response and colitis in metastatic melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab. Ann Oncol. 2017, 28:1368-79. 10.1093\/annonc\/mdx108","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-025-01930-y","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived hexa-acylated lipopolysaccharides enhance cancer immunotherapy responses","volume":"10","author":"Sardar P","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sardar P, Beresford-Jones BS, Xia W, et al.. Gut microbiota-derived hexa-acylated lipopolysaccharides enhance cancer immunotherapy responses. Nat Microbiol. 2025, 10:795-807. 10.1038\/s41564-025-01930-y","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26168063","article-title":"Characteristics of intestinal barrier state and immunoglobulin-bound fraction of stool microbiota in advanced melanoma patients undergoing anti-PD-1 therapy","volume":"26","author":"Drymel B","year":"2025","unstructured":"Drymel B, Tomela K, Galus \u0141, et al.. Characteristics of intestinal barrier state and immunoglobulin-bound fraction of stool microbiota in advanced melanoma patients undergoing anti-PD-1 therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2025, 26:8063. 10.3390\/ijms26168063","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-019-0672-4","article-title":"Relating the gut metagenome and metatranscriptome to immunotherapy responses in melanoma patients","volume":"11","author":"Peters BA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peters BA, Wilson M, Moran U, et al.. Relating the gut metagenome and metatranscriptome to immunotherapy responses in melanoma patients. Genome Med. 2019, 11:61. 10.1186\/s13073-019-0672-4","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31210-w","article-title":"DeepGeni: deep generalized interpretable autoencoder elucidates gut microbiota for better cancer immunotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Oh M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oh M, Zhang L. DeepGeni: deep generalized interpretable autoencoder elucidates gut microbiota for better cancer immunotherapy. Sci Rep. 2023, 13:4599. 10.1038\/s41598-023-31210-w","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-025-14467-4","article-title":"Gut markers for metastatic melanoma receiving immunotherapy","volume":"25","author":"Ou G","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ou G, Gou J, Ou H, Zheng H, Zhu Y, Li J, Liu X. Gut markers for metastatic melanoma receiving immunotherapy. BMC Cancer. 2025, 25:1083. 10.1186\/s12885-025-14467-4","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2017.08.004","article-title":"Metagenomic shotgun sequencing and unbiased metabolomic profiling identify specific human gut microbiota and metabolites associated with immune checkpoint therapy efficacy in melanoma patients","volume":"19","author":"Frankel AE","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frankel AE, Coughlin LA, Kim J, Froehlich TW, Xie Y, Frenkel EP, Koh AY. Metagenomic shotgun sequencing and unbiased metabolomic profiling identify specific human gut microbiota and metabolites associated with immune checkpoint therapy efficacy in melanoma patients. Neoplasia. 2017, 19:848-55. 10.1016\/j.neo.2017.08.004","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.887383","article-title":"The gut microbiota modulates responses to anti-PD-1 and chemotherapy combination therapy and related adverse events in patients with advanced solid tumors","volume":"12","author":"Wu Z","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu Z, Zhang S, Li L, Huang Z, Huang D, Hu Y. The gut microbiota modulates responses to anti-PD-1 and chemotherapy combination therapy and related adverse events in patients with advanced solid tumors. Front Oncol. 2022, 12:887383. 10.3389\/fonc.2022.887383","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24331-1","article-title":"Microbial short-chain fatty acids modulate CD8+ T cell responses and improve adoptive immunotherapy for cancer","volume":"12","author":"Luu M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luu M, Riester Z, Baldrich A, et al.. Microbial short-chain fatty acids modulate CD8+ T cell responses and improve adoptive immunotherapy for cancer. Nat Commun. 2021, 12:4077. 10.1038\/s41467-021-24331-1","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.08.001","article-title":"Commensal Clostridiales strains mediate effective anti-cancer immune response against solid tumors","volume":"29","author":"Montalban-Arques A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Montalban-Arques A, Katkeviciute E, Busenhart P, et al.. Commensal Clostridiales strains mediate effective anti-cancer immune response against solid tumors. Cell Host Microbe. 2021, 29:1573-88.e7. 10.1016\/j.chom.2021.08.001","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2024.05.010","article-title":"Microbiome and immunotherapy for melanoma: are we ready for clinical application?","volume":"38","author":"Haddad A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Haddad A, Holder AM. Microbiome and immunotherapy for melanoma: are we ready for clinical application?. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2024, 38:1061-70. 10.1016\/j.hoc.2024.05.010","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.140940","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the gut microbiota in predicting response to cancer immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma","volume":"5","author":"Limeta A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Limeta A, Ji B, Levin M, Gatto F, Nielsen J. Meta-analysis of the gut microbiota in predicting response to cancer immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma. JCI Insight. 2020, 5:10.1172\/jci.insight.140940","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2021.1926759","article-title":"Role of gut microbiome on immunotherapy efficacy in melanoma","volume":"18","author":"Bibb\u00f2 S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bibb\u00f2 S, Ianiro G, Giamb\u00f2 F, Settanni CR, Cammarota G, Gasbarrini A. Role of gut microbiome on immunotherapy efficacy in melanoma. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022, 18:1926759. 10.1080\/21645515.2021.1926759","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6890","article-title":"Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) in systematic reviews: reporting guideline","volume":"368","author":"Campbell M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Campbell M, McKenzie JE, Sowden A, et al.. Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) in systematic reviews: reporting guideline. BMJ. 2020, 368:l6890. 10.1136\/bmj.l6890","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Chapter 12: Synthesizing and presenting findings using other methods","author":"McKenzie JE","year":"2024","unstructured":"McKenzie JE, Brennan SE. Chapter 12: Synthesizing and presenting findings using other methods. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, et al. (ed): Cochrane, London, UK; 2024."}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/482067-gut-microbiome-composition-and-response-to-immune-checkpoint-inhibitors-in-melanoma-a-systematic-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T20:09:44Z","timestamp":1784837384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/482067-gut-microbiome-composition-and-response-to-immune-checkpoint-inhibitors-in-melanoma-a-systematic-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"references-count":35,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.113248","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]}}}