{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T14:30:16Z","timestamp":1786113016785,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.114017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T16:45:33Z","timestamp":1785948333000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preventable Factors in Fatal and Near-Fatal Asthma: Lessons From the British Thoracic Society (BTS) and the National Review of Asthma Deaths (NRAD)"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Meer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahnoor","family":"Mumtaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed","family":"Zuhair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nafiu","family":"Mukhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.1_suppl.4S","article-title":"The global burden of asthma","volume":"130","author":"Braman SS","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braman SS. The global burden of asthma. Chest. 2006, 130:4S-12S. 10.1378\/chest.130.1_suppl.4S","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43168-025-00443-w","article-title":"Asthma unravelled: a comprehensive review of epidemiology, phenotypes, pathophysiology, and emerging therapies","volume":"19","author":"Qaid EY","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qaid EY, Long I. Asthma unravelled: a comprehensive review of epidemiology, phenotypes, pathophysiology, and emerging therapies. Egypt J Bronchol. 2025, 19:82. 10.1186\/s43168-025-00443-w","journal-title":"Egypt J Bronchol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.12.04052","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence of asthma in 2019: a systematic analysis and modelling study","volume":"12","author":"Song P","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song P, Adeloye D, Salim H, Dos Santos JP, Campbell H, Sheikh A, Rudan I. Global, regional, and national prevalence of asthma in 2019: a systematic analysis and modelling study. J Glob Health. 2022, 12:04052. 10.7189\/jogh.12.04052","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00246","article-title":"Epidemiology of asthma in children and adults","volume":"7","author":"Dharmage SC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dharmage SC, Perret JL, Custovic A. Epidemiology of asthma in children and adults. Front Pediatr. 2019, 7:246. 10.3389\/fped.2019.00246","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-023-02475-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of asthma and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"24","author":"Wang Z","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang Z, Li Y, Gao Y, et al.. Global, regional, and national burden of asthma and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Respir Res. 2023, 24:169. 10.1186\/s12931-023-02475-6","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00004-1","article-title":"Burden of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and access to essential medicines in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"3","author":"Beran D","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beran D, Zar HJ, Perrin C, Menezes AM, Burney P. Burden of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and access to essential medicines in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet Respir Med. 2015, 3:159-70. 10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00004-1","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.03.031","article-title":"Uncontrolled asthma: a review of the prevalence, disease burden and options for treatment","volume":"100","author":"Peters SP","year":"2006","unstructured":"Peters SP, Ferguson G, Deniz Y, Reisner C. Uncontrolled asthma: a review of the prevalence, disease burden and options for treatment. Respir Med. 2006, 100:1139-51. 10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.03.031","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2023.15.4.473","article-title":"Global disease burden and attributable risk factor analysis of asthma in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019","volume":"15","author":"Liu H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu H, Zhang J, Liu L, et al.. Global disease burden and attributable risk factor analysis of asthma in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2023, 15:473-95. 10.4168\/aair.2023.15.4.473","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200208-902SO","article-title":"Acute severe asthma","volume":"168","author":"McFadden ER Jr","year":"2003","unstructured":"McFadden ER Jr. Acute severe asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003, 168:740-59. 10.1164\/rccm.200208-902SO","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.02.029","article-title":"Management of life-threatening asthma: severe asthma series","volume":"162","author":"Garner O","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garner O, Ramey JS, Hanania NA. Management of life-threatening asthma: severe asthma series. Chest. 2022, 162:747-56. 10.1016\/j.chest.2022.02.029","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13030859","article-title":"Critical care management of severe asthma exacerbations","volume":"13","author":"Gayen S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gayen S, Dachert S, Lashari BH, et al.. Critical care management of severe asthma exacerbations. J Clin Med. 2024, 13:859. 10.3390\/jcm13030859","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app14020693","article-title":"Management of acute life-threatening asthma exacerbations in the intensive care unit","volume":"14","author":"Talbot T","year":"2024","unstructured":"Talbot T, Roe T, Dushianthan A. Management of acute life-threatening asthma exacerbations in the intensive care unit. Appl Sci. 2024, 14:693. 10.3390\/app14020693","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2005\/837645","article-title":"A systematic review of risk factors associated with near-fatal and fatal asthma","volume":"12","author":"Alvarez GG","year":"2005","unstructured":"Alvarez GG, Schulzer M, Jung D, Fitzgerald JM. A systematic review of risk factors associated with near-fatal and fatal asthma. Can Respir J. 2005, 12:265-70. 10.1155\/2005\/837645","journal-title":"Can Respir J"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2011.05.003","article-title":"Beyond the guidelines: fatal and near-fatal asthma","volume":"13","author":"Rubin BK","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rubin BK, Pohanka V. Beyond the guidelines: fatal and near-fatal asthma. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2012, 13:106-11. 10.1016\/j.prrv.2011.05.003","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199101313240502","article-title":"Respiratory arrest in near-fatal asthma","volume":"324","author":"Molfino NA","year":"1991","unstructured":"Molfino NA, Nannini LJ, Martelli AN, Slutsky AS. Respiratory arrest in near-fatal asthma. N Engl J Med. 1991, 324:285-8. 10.1056\/NEJM199101313240502","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.94.07050981","article-title":"Near-fatal asthma","volume":"7","author":"Molfino NA","year":"1994","unstructured":"Molfino NA, Slutsky AS. Near-fatal asthma. Eur Respir J. 1994, 7:981-90.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-1733","article-title":"Mechanical ventilation for severe asthma","volume":"147","author":"Leatherman J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leatherman J. Mechanical ventilation for severe asthma. Chest. 2015, 147:1671-80. 10.1378\/chest.14-1733","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.05.008","article-title":"Intubation and mechanical ventilation of the asthmatic patient in respiratory failure","volume":"124","author":"Brenner B","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brenner B, Corbridge T, Kazzi A. Intubation and mechanical ventilation of the asthmatic patient in respiratory failure. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009, 124:S19-28. 10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.05.008","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.1.76","article-title":"Long-term prognosis of near-fatal asthma: a 6-year follow-up study of 145 asthmatic patients who underwent mechanical ventilation for a near-fatal attack of asthma","volume":"146","author":"Marquette CH","year":"1992","unstructured":"Marquette CH, Saulnier F, Leroy O, et al.. Long-term prognosis of near-fatal asthma: a 6-year follow-up study of 145 asthmatic patients who underwent mechanical ventilation for a near-fatal attack of asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992, 146:76-81. 10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.1.76","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-2-199707150-00009","article-title":"Observations on asthma mortality","volume":"127","author":"McFadden ER Jr","year":"1997","unstructured":"McFadden ER Jr, Warren EL. Observations on asthma mortality. Ann Intern Med. 1997, 127:142-7. 10.7326\/0003-4819-127-2-199707150-00009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.008914","article-title":"The national review of asthma deaths: what did we learn and what needs to change?","volume":"11","author":"Levy ML","year":"2015","unstructured":"Levy ML. The national review of asthma deaths: what did we learn and what needs to change?. Breathe (Sheff). 2015, 11:14-24. 10.1183\/20734735.008914","journal-title":"Breathe (Sheff)"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-016-0393-9","article-title":"An imperfect \"PAST\" lessons learned from the National Review of Asthma Deaths (NRAD) UK","volume":"17","author":"Nasser S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nasser S. An imperfect \"PAST\" lessons learned from the National Review of Asthma Deaths (NRAD) UK. Respir Res. 2016, 17:87. 10.1186\/s12931-016-0393-9","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41533-020-00211-x","article-title":"A call to action for improving clinical outcomes in patients with asthma","volume":"30","author":"McIvor A","year":"2020","unstructured":"McIvor A, Kaplan A. A call to action for improving clinical outcomes in patients with asthma. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2020, 30:54. 10.1038\/s41533-020-00211-x","journal-title":"NPJ Prim Care Respir Med"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41533-018-0103-9","article-title":"Insights into frequent asthma exacerbations from a primary care perspective and the implications of UK National Review of Asthma Deaths recommendations","volume":"28","author":"Yang JF","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang JF, Chaudhuri R, Thomson NC, et al.. Insights into frequent asthma exacerbations from a primary care perspective and the implications of UK National Review of Asthma Deaths recommendations. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2018, 28:35. 10.1038\/s41533-018-0103-9","journal-title":"NPJ Prim Care Respir Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp24X739089","article-title":"Asthma: effect of excess short-acting \u03b22-agonist (SABA) inhaler prescriptions on healthcare resource utilisation","volume":"74","author":"Levy ML","year":"2024","unstructured":"Levy ML, Capstick TG, Antalffy T. Asthma: effect of excess short-acting \u03b22-agonist (SABA) inhaler prescriptions on healthcare resource utilisation. Br J Gen Pract. 2024, 74:374-6. 10.3399\/bjgp24X739089","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2024.2389948","article-title":"Optimizing asthma care in low-to-middle income countries through multisectoral collaboration: recommendation report of the first Philippine Asthma Assembly","volume":"18","author":"Fernandez L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fernandez L, Reddel HK, Diaz D, et al.. Optimizing asthma care in low-to-middle income countries through multisectoral collaboration: recommendation report of the first Philippine Asthma Assembly. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2024, 18:947-62. 10.1080\/17476348.2024.2389948","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41533-024-00399-2","article-title":"Best practice advice for asthma exacerbation prevention and management in primary care: an international expert consensus","volume":"34","author":"Skolnik N","year":"2024","unstructured":"Skolnik N, Yawn BP, Correia de Sousa J, et al.. Best practice advice for asthma exacerbation prevention and management in primary care: an international expert consensus. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2024, 34:39. 10.1038\/s41533-024-00399-2","journal-title":"NPJ Prim Care Respir Med"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-022-02356-2","article-title":"Safety of SABA monotherapy in asthma management: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Sriprasart T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sriprasart T, Waterer G, Garcia G, et al.. Safety of SABA monotherapy in asthma management: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Ther. 2023, 40:133-58. 10.1007\/s12325-022-02356-2","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12932\/AP-210421-1118","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of asthma in adults: evidence and recommendations","volume":"40","author":"Kawamatawong T","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kawamatawong T, Sangasapaviriya A, Saiphoklang N, et al.. Guidelines for the management of asthma in adults: evidence and recommendations. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2022, 40:1-21. 10.12932\/AP-210421-1118","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2022.01466","article-title":"Comparison and review of international guidelines for treating asthma in children","volume":"67","author":"Roh EJ","year":"2024","unstructured":"Roh EJ. Comparison and review of international guidelines for treating asthma in children. Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024, 67:447-55. 10.3345\/cep.2022.01466","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pediatr"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Guidelines in asthma","author":"Godbout K","year":"2025","unstructured":"Godbout K, Boulet LP. Guidelines in asthma. Clinical Asthma. CRC Press, Boca Raton (FL); 2025. 49-62."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3085065","article-title":"Contemporaneous international asthma guidelines present differing recommendations: an analysis","volume":"2016","author":"Gupta S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gupta S, Paolucci E, Kaplan A, Boulet LP. Contemporaneous international asthma guidelines present differing recommendations: an analysis. Can Respir J. 2016, 2016:3085065. 10.1155\/2016\/3085065","journal-title":"Can Respir J"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41533-024-00379-6","article-title":"Can we measure whether asthma guidelines lead to improved care?","volume":"34","author":"Tan R","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tan R, Murphy A, Brightling C, Shaw D. Can we measure whether asthma guidelines lead to improved care?. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2024, 34:16. 10.1038\/s41533-024-00379-6","journal-title":"NPJ Prim Care Respir Med"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41030-019-0093-y","article-title":"Asthma diagnosis: the changing face of guidelines","volume":"5","author":"Drake SM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Drake SM, Simpson A, Fowler SJ. Asthma diagnosis: the changing face of guidelines. Pulm Ther. 2019, 5:103-15. 10.1007\/s41030-019-0093-y","journal-title":"Pulm Ther"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-020-00940-6","article-title":"Management of severe asthma beyond the guidelines","volume":"20","author":"Reihman AE","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reihman AE, Holguin F, Sharma S. Management of severe asthma beyond the guidelines. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2020, 20:47. 10.1007\/s11882-020-00940-6","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41533-025-00425-x","article-title":"BTS\/NICE\/SIGN guideline for asthma 2024: diagnosis, monitoring and chronic asthma management. How does this compare to GINA 2024?","volume":"35","author":"Gruffydd-Jones K","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gruffydd-Jones K. BTS\/NICE\/SIGN guideline for asthma 2024: diagnosis, monitoring and chronic asthma management. How does this compare to GINA 2024?. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2025, 35:22. 10.1038\/s41533-025-00425-x","journal-title":"NPJ Prim Care Respir Med"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-211189","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma: a look at the key differences between BTS\/SIGN and NICE","volume":"73","author":"White J","year":"2018","unstructured":"White J, Paton JY, Niven R, Pinnock H. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma: a look at the key differences between BTS\/SIGN and NICE. Thorax. 2018, 73:293-7. 10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-211189","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-211703","article-title":"Two pathways, one patient; UK asthma guidelines","volume":"73","author":"Fowler SJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fowler SJ, O'Byrne PM, Buhl R, Shaw D. Two pathways, one patient; UK asthma guidelines. Thorax. 2018, 73:797-8. 10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-211703","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/phc2012.06.22.5.32.c9126","article-title":"Asthma update: recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and management","volume":"22","author":"Kaufman G","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kaufman G. Asthma update: recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and management. Primary Health Care. 2012, 22:32-9. 10.7748\/phc2012.06.22.5.32.c9126","journal-title":"Primary Health Care"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2025-223465","article-title":"2024 BTS\/NICE\/SIGN asthma guidelines have the potential to improve UK asthma outcomes, but we must act now","author":"Crooks MG","year":"2026","unstructured":"Crooks MG, Sykes DL, Horne RR, et al.. 2024 BTS\/NICE\/SIGN asthma guidelines have the potential to improve UK asthma outcomes, but we must act now. Thorax. 2026, 10.1136\/thorax-2025-223465","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Why asthma still kills","volume":"86","author":"O' Kane R Fy","year":"2017","unstructured":"O' Kane R Fy. Why asthma still kills. Ulster Med J. 2017, 86:44.","journal-title":"Ulster Med J"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(24)00383-7","article-title":"Asthma: epidemiology, risk factors, and opportunities for prevention and treatment","volume":"13","author":"Jayasooriya SM","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jayasooriya SM, Devereux G, Soriano JB, Singh N, Masekela R, Mortimer K, Burney P. Asthma: epidemiology, risk factors, and opportunities for prevention and treatment. Lancet Respir Med. 2025, 13:725-38. 10.1016\/S2213-2600(24)00383-7","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-020-00785-1","article-title":"Asthma epidemiology and risk factors","volume":"42","author":"Stern J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stern J, Pier J, Litonjua AA. Asthma epidemiology and risk factors. Semin Immunopathol. 2020, 42:5-15. 10.1007\/s00281-020-00785-1","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.2412","article-title":"The global impact of asthma in adult populations","volume":"85","author":"Enilari O","year":"2019","unstructured":"Enilari O, Sinha S. The global impact of asthma in adult populations. Ann Glob Health. 2019, 85:2. 10.5334\/aogh.2412","journal-title":"Ann Glob Health"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.09.042","article-title":"Prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years due to asthma and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019","volume":"161","author":"Safiri S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Safiri S, Carson-Chahhoud K, Karamzad N, et al.. Prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years due to asthma and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019. Chest. 2022, 161:318-29. 10.1016\/j.chest.2021.09.042","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1036674","article-title":"Global trends in the incidence and mortality of asthma from 1990 to 2019: an age-period-cohort analysis using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"10","author":"Cao Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao Y, Chen S, Chen X, Zou W, Liu Z, Wu Y, Hu S. Global trends in the incidence and mortality of asthma from 1990 to 2019: an age-period-cohort analysis using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Front Public Health. 2022, 10:1036674. 10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1036674","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2005.10.006","article-title":"Epidemiology of asthma","volume":"27","author":"Lugogo NL","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lugogo NL, Kraft M. Epidemiology of asthma. Clin Chest Med. 2006, 27:1-15, v. 10.1016\/j.ccm.2005.10.006","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31448-4","article-title":"Trends in international asthma mortality: analysis of data from the WHO mortality database from 46 countries (1993-2012)","volume":"390","author":"Ebmeier S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ebmeier S, Thayabaran D, Braithwaite I, B\u00e9namara C, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Trends in international asthma mortality: analysis of data from the WHO mortality database from 46 countries (1993-2012). Lancet. 2017, 390:935-45. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31448-4","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22464","article-title":"Worldwide asthma epidemiology: insights from the Global Health Data Exchange database","volume":"10","author":"Mattiuzzi C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mattiuzzi C, Lippi G. Worldwide asthma epidemiology: insights from the Global Health Data Exchange database. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2020, 10:75-80. 10.1002\/alr.22464","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200801-060ST","article-title":"An official American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society statement: asthma control and exacerbations: standardizing endpoints for clinical asthma trials and clinical practice","volume":"180","author":"Reddel HK","year":"2009","unstructured":"Reddel HK, Taylor DR, Bateman ED, et al.. An official American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society statement: asthma control and exacerbations: standardizing endpoints for clinical asthma trials and clinical practice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009, 180:59-99. 10.1164\/rccm.200801-060ST","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2017.01.004","article-title":"Inhaler errors in the CRITIKAL study: type, frequency, and association with asthma outcomes","volume":"5","author":"Price DB","year":"2017","unstructured":"Price DB, Rom\u00e1n-Rodr\u00edguez M, McQueen RB, et al.. Inhaler errors in the CRITIKAL study: type, frequency, and association with asthma outcomes. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2017, 5:1071-81.e9. 10.1016\/j.jaip.2017.01.004","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.2003.011858","article-title":"Written action plans for asthma: an evidence-based review of the key components","volume":"59","author":"Gibson PG","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gibson PG, Powell H. Written action plans for asthma: an evidence-based review of the key components. Thorax. 2004, 59:94-9. 10.1136\/thorax.2003.011858","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2013.06.015","article-title":"Adherence monitoring and e-health: how clinicians and researchers can use technology to promote inhaler adherence for asthma","volume":"1","author":"Chan AH","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chan AH, Reddel HK, Apter A, Eakin M, Riekert K, Foster JM. Adherence monitoring and e-health: how clinicians and researchers can use technology to promote inhaler adherence for asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2013, 1:446-54. 10.1016\/j.jaip.2013.06.015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2024.2380067","article-title":"Current technological advancement in asthma care","volume":"18","author":"Hakizimana A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hakizimana A, Devani P, Gaillard EA. Current technological advancement in asthma care. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2024, 18:499-512. 10.1080\/17476348.2024.2380067","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30879-6","article-title":"After asthma: redefining airways diseases","volume":"391","author":"Pavord ID","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pavord ID, Beasley R, Agusti A, et al.. After asthma: redefining airways diseases. Lancet. 2018, 391:350-400. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30879-6","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2012.02832.x","article-title":"Untangling asthma phenotypes and endotypes","volume":"67","author":"Agache I","year":"2012","unstructured":"Agache I, Akdis C, Jutel M, Virchow JC. Untangling asthma phenotypes and endotypes. Allergy. 2012, 67:835-46. 10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2012.02832.x","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-019-0681-4","article-title":"Machine learning in medicine: a practical introduction","volume":"19","author":"Sidey-Gibbons JA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sidey-Gibbons JA, Sidey-Gibbons CJ. Machine learning in medicine: a practical introduction. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2019, 19:64. 10.1186\/s12874-019-0681-4","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0361-0","article-title":"Implementing supported self-management for asthma: a systematic review and suggested hierarchy of evidence of implementation studies","volume":"13","author":"Pinnock H","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pinnock H, Epiphaniou E, Pearce G, et al.. Implementing supported self-management for asthma: a systematic review and suggested hierarchy of evidence of implementation studies. BMC Med. 2015, 13:127. 10.1186\/s12916-015-0361-0","journal-title":"BMC Med"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/485768-preventable-factors-in-fatal-and-near-fatal-asthma-lessons-from-the-british-thoracic-society-bts-and-the-national-review-of-asthma-deaths-nrad","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T16:45:34Z","timestamp":1785948334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/485768-preventable-factors-in-fatal-and-near-fatal-asthma-lessons-from-the-british-thoracic-society-bts-and-the-national-review-of-asthma-deaths-nrad"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"references-count":58,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.114017","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]}}}