{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T12:45:18Z","timestamp":1786193118689,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.114160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T12:05:41Z","timestamp":1786190741000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Shifting Paradigms in Pediatric Cholelithiasis: A 13-Year Retrospective Study of the Clinicodemographic Profile, Risk Factors, and Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Varun","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay K","family":"Bhasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunita","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandla Nikita Kishore","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Bhagat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunny","family":"Babber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-010-0159-2","article-title":"Gallstone disease in children","volume":"47","author":"Poddar U","year":"2010","unstructured":"Poddar U. Gallstone disease in children. Indian Pediatr. 2010, 47:945-53. 10.1007\/s13312-010-0159-2","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181b99c72","article-title":"Risk factors, complications, and outcomes of gallstones in children: a single-center review","volume":"50","author":"Bogue CO","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bogue CO, Murphy AJ, Gerstle JT, Moineddin R, Daneman A. Risk factors, complications, and outcomes of gallstones in children: a single-center review. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010, 50:303-8. 10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181b99c72","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13235","article-title":"Risk factors, complications and outcome of cholelithiasis in children: a retrospective, single-centre review","volume":"52","author":"Tuna Kirsaclioglu C","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tuna Kirsaclioglu C, \u00c7uhac\u0131 \u00c7ak\u0131r B, Bayram G, Akb\u0131y\u0131k F, I\u015f\u0131k P, Tun\u00e7 B. Risk factors, complications and outcome of cholelithiasis in children: a retrospective, single-centre review. J Paediatr Child Health. 2016, 52:944-9. 10.1111\/jpc.13235","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196475","article-title":"Cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis in children; risk factors for development","volume":"13","author":"Frybova B","year":"2018","unstructured":"Frybova B, Drabek J, Lochmannova J, et al.. Cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis in children; risk factors for development. PLoS One. 2018, 13:e0196475. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0196475","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.1383","article-title":"Management of cholelithiasis in Italian children: a national multicenter study","volume":"14","author":"Della Corte C","year":"2008","unstructured":"Della Corte C, Falchetti D, Nebbia G, et al.. Management of cholelithiasis in Italian children: a national multicenter study. World J Gastroenterol. 2008, 14:1383-8. 10.3748\/wjg.14.1383","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5223\/pghn.2020.23.5.430","article-title":"Cholecystectomy is feasible in children with small-sized or large numbers of gallstones and in those with persistent symptoms despite medical treatment","volume":"23","author":"Lee YJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee YJ, Park YS, Park JH. Cholecystectomy is feasible in children with small-sized or large numbers of gallstones and in those with persistent symptoms despite medical treatment. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2020, 23:430-8. 10.5223\/pghn.2020.23.5.430","journal-title":"Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jiaps.JIAPS_107_20","article-title":"Asymptomatic cholelithiasis in children: management dilemma","volume":"26","author":"Bhaumik K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhaumik K. Asymptomatic cholelithiasis in children: management dilemma. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg. 2021, 26:228-33. 10.4103\/jiaps.JIAPS_107_20","journal-title":"J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113376","article-title":"The etiology of cholelithiasis in children and adolescents-a literature review","volume":"23","author":"Zdanowicz K","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zdanowicz K, Daniluk J, Lebensztejn DM, Daniluk U. The etiology of cholelithiasis in children and adolescents-a literature review. Int J Mol Sci. 2022, 23:13376. 10.3390\/ijms232113376","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children10091544","article-title":"Gallbladder stones in pediatric age: an emerging problem: the risk of difficult cholecystectomy and the importance of a preoperative evaluation","volume":"10","author":"Todesco C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Todesco C, Molinaro F, Nascimben F, et al.. Gallbladder stones in pediatric age: an emerging problem: the risk of difficult cholecystectomy and the importance of a preoperative evaluation. Children (Basel). 2023, 10:1544. 10.3390\/children10091544","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13105\/wjma.v9.i1.54","article-title":"Risk factors, manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of cholelithiasis in children","volume":"9","author":"Xu ZR","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu ZR, Dan HL, Yu F. Risk factors, manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of cholelithiasis in children. World J Meta-Anal. 2021, 9:54-63. 10.13105\/wjma.v9.i1.54","journal-title":"World J Meta-Anal"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/polp.2023.131761","article-title":"Management of gallstone disease in children","volume":"98","author":"Or\u0142owska A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Or\u0142owska A, Socha P, Szychta M, Ismail H, Jankowska I. Management of gallstone disease in children. Pediatr Pol. 2023, 98:229-35. 10.5114\/polp.2023.131761","journal-title":"Pediatr Pol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children11121553","article-title":"Cholelithiasis in infants: risk factors, management, and the role of ursodeoxycholic acid","volume":"11","author":"\u00c7akar S","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u00c7akar S, \u00d6zcan R, Y\u0131ld\u0131z B, et al.. Cholelithiasis in infants: risk factors, management, and the role of ursodeoxycholic acid. Children (Basel). 2024, 11:1553. 10.3390\/children11121553","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200010000-00015","article-title":"Clinical presentations and predisposing factors of cholelithiasis and sludge in children","volume":"31","author":"Wesdorp I","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wesdorp I, Bosman D, de Graaff A, Aronson D, van der Blij F, Taminiau J. Clinical presentations and predisposing factors of cholelithiasis and sludge in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2000, 31:411-17. 10.1097\/00005176-200010000-00015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Gallstones in childhood","volume":"46","author":"Stringer MD","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stringer MD. Gallstones in childhood. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008, 46:389-94.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Cholelithiasis in children and adolescents","volume":"1","author":"Rescorla FJ","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rescorla FJ, Grosfeld JL. Cholelithiasis in children and adolescents. Semin Pediatr Surg. 1992, 1:98-106.","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2007.0150","article-title":"Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the pediatric population","volume":"18","author":"St. Peter SD","year":"2008","unstructured":"St. Peter SD, Keckler SJ, Nair A, et al.. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the pediatric population. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2008, 18:127-30. 10.1089\/lap.2007.0150","journal-title":"J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2012.05.008","article-title":"Gallstone disease in children","volume":"21","author":"Svensson J","year":"2012","unstructured":"Svensson J, Makin E. Gallstone disease in children. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2012, 21:255-65. 10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2012.05.008","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-0579","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and risk factors for symptomatic pediatric gallbladder disease","volume":"129","author":"Mehta S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mehta S, Lopez ME, Chumpitazi BP, Mazziotti MV, Brandt ML, Fishman DS. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for symptomatic pediatric gallbladder disease. Pediatrics. 2012, 129:e82-8. 10.1542\/peds.2011-0579","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Manual of Socioeconomic Status (Urban)","author":"Kuppuswamy B","year":"1981","unstructured":"Kuppuswamy B. Manual of Socioeconomic Status (Urban). Manasayan, Delhi; 1981."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31824d256f","article-title":"Pediatric obesity and gallstone disease","volume":"55","author":"Koebnick C","year":"2012","unstructured":"Koebnick C, Smith N, Black MH, et al.. Pediatric obesity and gallstone disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012, 55:328-33. 10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31824d256f","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182a939cf","article-title":"Obesity and symptomatic cholelithiasis in childhood: epidemiologic and case-control evidence for a strong relation","volume":"58","author":"Fradin K","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fradin K, Racine AD, Belamarich PF. Obesity and symptomatic cholelithiasis in childhood: epidemiologic and case-control evidence for a strong relation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014, 58:102-6. 10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182a939cf","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/520045-shifting-paradigms-in-pediatric-cholelithiasis-a-13-year-retrospective-study-of-the-clinicodemographic-profile-risk-factors-and-outcomes","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T12:05:42Z","timestamp":1786190742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/520045-shifting-paradigms-in-pediatric-cholelithiasis-a-13-year-retrospective-study-of-the-clinicodemographic-profile-risk-factors-and-outcomes"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"references-count":21,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.114160","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]}}}