{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T13:35:49Z","timestamp":1786714549117,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.114528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T13:01:30Z","timestamp":1786712490000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prognostic Nutritional Index as a Marker Associated With Disease Severity in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Real-World North African Experience"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Khawla","family":"Salhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salma","family":"Berghazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Amine","family":"Essafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zineb","family":"Elazime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayat","family":"Aynaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houda","family":"Salhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11491116","article-title":"Diabetic kidney disease: challenges, progress, and possibilities","volume":"12","author":"Alicic RZ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alicic RZ, Rooney MT, Tuttle KR. Diabetic kidney disease: challenges, progress, and possibilities. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017, 12:2032-45. 10.2215\/CJN.11491116","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"IDF Diabetes Atlas 2025. (2025). Accessed. 14 August 2026: https:\/\/diabetesatlas.org\/resources\/idf-diabetes-atlas-2025\/."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.147","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of protein energy wasting in chronic kidney disease patients: a consensus statement by the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"84","author":"Ikizler TA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ikizler TA, Cano NJ, Franch H, et al.. Prevention and treatment of protein energy wasting in chronic kidney disease patients: a consensus statement by the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism. Kidney Int. 2013, 84:1096-107. 10.1038\/ki.2013.147","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2013.01.001","article-title":"Etiology of the protein-energy wasting syndrome in chronic kidney disease: a consensus statement from the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM)","volume":"23","author":"Carrero JJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carrero JJ, Stenvinkel P, Cuppari L, et al.. Etiology of the protein-energy wasting syndrome in chronic kidney disease: a consensus statement from the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM). J Ren Nutr. 2013, 23:77-90. 10.1053\/j.jrn.2013.01.001","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2021.0329","article-title":"Pathophysiologic mechanisms and potential biomarkers in diabetic kidney disease","volume":"46","author":"Jung CY","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jung CY, Yoo TH. Pathophysiologic mechanisms and potential biomarkers in diabetic kidney disease. Diabetes Metab J. 2022, 46:181-97. 10.4093\/dmj.2021.0329","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000447434","article-title":"Markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in the development and progression of renal disease in diabetic patients","volume":"133","author":"Hojs R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hojs R, Ekart R, Bevc S, Hojs N. Markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in the development and progression of renal disease in diabetic patients. Nephron. 2016, 133:159-62. 10.1159\/000447434","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Prognostic nutritional index in gastrointestinal surgery of malnourished cancer patients [Article in Japanese]","volume":"85","author":"Onodera T","year":"1984","unstructured":"Onodera T, Goseki N, Kosaki G. Prognostic nutritional index in gastrointestinal surgery of malnourished cancer patients [Article in Japanese]. Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi. 1984, 85:1001-5.","journal-title":"Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.4.777","article-title":"Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index: a new index for evaluating at-risk elderly medical patients","volume":"82","author":"Bouillanne O","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bouillanne O, Morineau G, Dupont C, et al.. Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index: a new index for evaluating at-risk elderly medical patients. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005, 82:777-83. 10.1093\/ajcn\/82.4.777","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"CONUT: a tool for controlling nutritional status. First validation in a hospital population","volume":"20","author":"Ignacio de Ul\u00edbarri J","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ignacio de Ul\u00edbarri J, Gonz\u00e1lez-Madro\u00f1o A, de Villar NG, et al.. CONUT: a tool for controlling nutritional status. First validation in a hospital population. Nutr Hosp. 2005, 20:38-45.","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.02.039","article-title":"A novel and simply calculated nutritional index serves as a useful prognostic indicator in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"262","author":"Doi S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Doi S, Iwata H, Wada H, et al.. A novel and simply calculated nutritional index serves as a useful prognostic indicator in patients with coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol. 2018, 262:92-8. 10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.02.039","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1352030","article-title":"Comparative analysis of four nutritional scores in predicting adverse outcomes in biopsy-confirmed diabetic kidney disease","volume":"11","author":"Xing L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xing L, Xiong J, Hu Q, Li W, Chen L. Comparative analysis of four nutritional scores in predicting adverse outcomes in biopsy-confirmed diabetic kidney disease. Front Nutr. 2024, 11:1352030. 10.3389\/fnut.2024.1352030","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018","article-title":"KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"105","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kidney Disease. Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group: KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2024, 105:S117-S314. 10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(1950)3:1<32::aid-cncr2820030106>3.0.co;2-3","article-title":"Index for rating diagnostic tests","volume":"3","author":"Youden WJ","year":"1950","unstructured":"Youden WJ. Index for rating diagnostic tests. Cancer. 1950, 3:32-5. 10.1002\/1097-0142(1950)3:1&lt;32::aid-cncr2820030106&gt;3.0.co;2-3","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-022-01985-x","article-title":"Prognostic nutritional index as a risk factor for diabetic kidney disease and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"60","author":"Zhang J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang J, Chen Y, Zou L, Gong R. Prognostic nutritional index as a risk factor for diabetic kidney disease and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol. 2023, 60:235-45. 10.1007\/s00592-022-01985-x","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2011.51","article-title":"Inflammatory molecules and pathways in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy","volume":"7","author":"Navarro-Gonz\u00e1lez JF","year":"2011","unstructured":"Navarro-Gonz\u00e1lez JF, Mora-Fern\u00e1ndez C, Muros de Fuentes M, Garc\u00eda-P\u00e9rez J. Inflammatory molecules and pathways in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2011, 7:327-40. 10.1038\/nrneph.2011.51","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18030395","article-title":"The prognostic nutritional index and glycemic status synergistically predict early renal function decline in type 2 diabetes: a community-based cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Yu Y","year":"2026","unstructured":"Yu Y, Yu J, Li J, et al.. The prognostic nutritional index and glycemic status synergistically predict early renal function decline in type 2 diabetes: a community-based cohort study. Nutrients. 2026, 18:395. 10.3390\/nu18030395","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2010.02967.x","article-title":"'Glycaemic variability': a new therapeutic challenge in diabetes and the critical care setting","volume":"27","author":"Ceriello A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ceriello A, Ihnat MA. 'Glycaemic variability': a new therapeutic challenge in diabetes and the critical care setting. Diabet Med. 2010, 27:862-7. 10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2010.02967.x","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-008-9114-6","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases: their potential role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy","volume":"35","author":"Thrailkill KM","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thrailkill KM, Clay Bunn R, Fowlkes JL. Matrix metalloproteinases: their potential role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Endocrine. 2009, 35:1-10. 10.1007\/s12020-008-9114-6","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1231448","article-title":"Controlling nutritional status score is associated with renal progression, cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality in biopsy-proved diabetic kidney disease","volume":"14","author":"Huo Q","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huo Q, He T, Xiong J, Zhao J. Controlling nutritional status score is associated with renal progression, cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality in biopsy-proved diabetic kidney disease. Front Physiol. 2023, 14:1231448. 10.3389\/fphys.2023.1231448","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.05.006","article-title":"KDOQI clinical practice guideline for nutrition in CKD: 2020 update","volume":"76","author":"Ikizler TA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ikizler TA, Burrowes JD, Byham-Gray LD, et al.. KDOQI clinical practice guideline for nutrition in CKD: 2020 update. Am J Kidney Dis. 2020, 76:S1-S107. 10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.05.006","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/521754-prognostic-nutritional-index-as-a-marker-associated-with-disease-severity-in-diabetic-kidney-disease-a-real-world-north-african-experience","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T13:01:32Z","timestamp":1786712492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/521754-prognostic-nutritional-index-as-a-marker-associated-with-disease-severity-in-diabetic-kidney-disease-a-real-world-north-african-experience"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.114528","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]}}}