{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T15:24:59Z","timestamp":1786893899666,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.114604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T14:50:36Z","timestamp":1786891836000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Outcomes of Image-Guided Spinal Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Metastatic Epidural Spinal Disease: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Shahtajarab  M","family":"Saltanat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed S","family":"Millat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed F","family":"Millat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fradi.2022.962797","article-title":"Imaging of metastatic epidural spinal cord compression","volume":"2","author":"Bai J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bai J, Grant K, Hussien A, Kawakyu-O'Connor D. Imaging of metastatic epidural spinal cord compression. Front Radiol. 2022, 2:962797. 10.3389\/fradi.2022.962797","journal-title":"Front Radiol"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Spinal metastases and metastatic spinal cord compression. NICE guideline NG234. London: NICE","year":"2023","unstructured":"Spinal Metastases and Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), London, UK; 2023. https.\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK595817\/."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-22-3076","article-title":"Narrative review-diagnosing and managing malignant epidural spinal cord compression: an evidence-based approach","volume":"11","author":"Akanda ZZ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Akanda ZZ, McKay MJ. Narrative review-diagnosing and managing malignant epidural spinal cord compression: an evidence-based approach. Ann Transl Med. 2023, 11:386. 10.21037\/atm-22-3076","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14207279","article-title":"The conundrum of spinal metastases-a review of current management","volume":"14","author":"Iliescu BF","year":"2025","unstructured":"Iliescu BF, Rotariu DI, Agavriloaei LM, Costachescu B. The conundrum of spinal metastases-a review of current management. J Clin Med. 2025, 14:7279. 10.3390\/jcm14207279","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.02.022","article-title":"Complications of open compared to minimally invasive lumbar spine decompression","volume":"18","author":"Shih P","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shih P, Wong AP, Smith TR, Lee AI, Fessler RG. Complications of open compared to minimally invasive lumbar spine decompression. J Clin Neurosci. 2011, 18:1360-4. 10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.02.022","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-020-03652-z","article-title":"Laser interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) for the treatment of tumors of the brain and spine: a brief review","volume":"151","author":"Chen C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen C, Lee I, Tatsui C, Elder T, Sloan AE. Laser interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) for the treatment of tumors of the brain and spine: a brief review. J Neurooncol. 2021, 151:429-42. 10.1007\/s11060-020-03652-z","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.1114","article-title":"Minimally invasive surgical techniques for management of painful metastatic and primary spinal tumors","volume":"9","author":"Hariri O","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hariri O, Takayanagi A, Miulli DE, Siddiqi J, Vrionis F. Minimally invasive surgical techniques for management of painful metastatic and primary spinal tumors. Cureus. 2017, 9:e1114. 10.7759\/cureus.1114","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.17.18205","article-title":"Percutaneous thermal ablation of spinal metastases: recent advances and review","volume":"210","author":"Tomasian A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tomasian A, Gangi A, Wallace AN, Jennings JW. Percutaneous thermal ablation of spinal metastases: recent advances and review. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2018, 210:142-52. 10.2214\/AJR.17.18205","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.2.SPINE141185","article-title":"Utilization of laser interstitial thermotherapy guided by real-time thermal MRI as an alternative to separation surgery in the management of spinal metastasis","volume":"23","author":"Tatsui CE","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tatsui CE, Stafford RJ, Li J, et al.. Utilization of laser interstitial thermotherapy guided by real-time thermal MRI as an alternative to separation surgery in the management of spinal metastasis. J Neurosurg Spine. 2015, 23:400-11. 10.3171\/2015.2.SPINE141185","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001444","article-title":"Spinal laser interstitial thermal therapy: a novel alternative to surgery for metastatic epidural spinal cord compression","volume":"79","author":"Tatsui CE","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tatsui CE, Lee SH, Amini B, et al.. Spinal laser interstitial thermal therapy: a novel alternative to surgery for metastatic epidural spinal cord compression. Neurosurgery. 2016, 79:S73-82. 10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001444","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.9.SPINE16475","article-title":"Image guidance based on MRI for spinal interstitial laser thermotherapy: technical aspects and accuracy","volume":"26","author":"Tatsui CE","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tatsui CE, Nascimento CN, Suki D, et al.. Image guidance based on MRI for spinal interstitial laser thermotherapy: technical aspects and accuracy. J Neurosurg Spine. 2017, 26:605-12. 10.3171\/2016.9.SPINE16475","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.3.SPINE09459","article-title":"Reliability analysis of the epidural spinal cord compression scale","volume":"13","author":"Bilsky MH","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bilsky MH, Laufer I, Fourney DR, et al.. Reliability analysis of the epidural spinal cord compression scale. J Neurosurg Spine. 2010, 13:324-8. 10.3171\/2010.3.SPINE09459","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.8.FOCUS16175","article-title":"Percutaneous surgery for treatment of epidural spinal cord compression and spinal instability: technical note","volume":"41","author":"Tatsui CE","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tatsui CE, Belsuzarri TA, Oro M, et al.. Percutaneous surgery for treatment of epidural spinal cord compression and spinal instability: technical note. Neurosurg Focus. 2016, 41:E2. 10.3171\/2016.8.FOCUS16175","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.10.SPINE19998","article-title":"A comparison of spinal laser interstitial thermotherapy with open surgery for metastatic thoracic epidural spinal cord compression","volume":"32","author":"de Almeida Bastos DC","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Almeida Bastos DC, Everson RG, de Oliveira Santos BF, et al.. A comparison of spinal laser interstitial thermotherapy with open surgery for metastatic thoracic epidural spinal cord compression. J Neurosurg Spine. 2020, 32:667-75. 10.3171\/2019.10.SPINE19998","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.7.SPINE20661","article-title":"Spinal laser interstitial thermal therapy: single-center experience and outcomes in the first 120 cases","volume":"34","author":"Bastos DC","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bastos DC, Vega RA, Traylor JI, et al.. Spinal laser interstitial thermal therapy: single-center experience and outcomes in the first 120 cases. J Neurosurg Spine. 2021, 34:354-63. 10.3171\/2020.7.SPINE20661","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-024-04777-1","article-title":"Spinal laser interstitial thermal therapy and radiotherapy for thoracic metastatic epidural spinal cord compression","volume":"170","author":"Tom MC","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tom MC, Komatineni S, Wang C, et al.. Spinal laser interstitial thermal therapy and radiotherapy for thoracic metastatic epidural spinal cord compression. J Neurooncol. 2024, 170:289-96. 10.1007\/s11060-024-04777-1","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-022-06432-x","article-title":"The efficacy of laser interstitial thermal therapy in the management of spinal metastases: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"44","author":"Cardia A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cardia A, Cannizzaro D, Stefini R, Chibbaro S, Ganau M, Zaed I. The efficacy of laser interstitial thermal therapy in the management of spinal metastases: a systematic review of the literature. Neurol Sci. 2023, 44:519-28. 10.1007\/s10072-022-06432-x","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:n71. 10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1984.2.3.187","article-title":"Karnofsky performance status revisited: reliability, validity, and guidelines","volume":"2","author":"Schag CC","year":"1984","unstructured":"Schag CC, Heinrich RL, Ganz PA. Karnofsky performance status revisited: reliability, validity, and guidelines. J Clin Oncol. 1984, 2:187-93. 10.1200\/JCO.1984.2.3.187","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20543","article-title":"Measures of adult pain: Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS Pain), Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS Pain), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS), Short Form-36 Bodily Pain Scale (SF-36 BPS), and Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP)","volume":"63","author":"Hawker GA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hawker GA, Mian S, Kendzerska T, French M. Measures of adult pain: Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS Pain), Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS Pain), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS), Short Form-36 Bodily Pain Scale (SF-36 BPS), and Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011, 63:S240-52. 10.1002\/acr.20543","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8510(90)90421-9","article-title":"EuroQol - a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life","volume":"16","author":"EuroQol Group","year":"1990","unstructured":"EuroQol Group. EuroQol - a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy. 1990, 16:199-208. 10.1016\/0168-8510(90)90421-9","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne JA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Hern\u00e1n MA, Reeves BC, et al.. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016, 355:i4919. 10.1136\/bmj.i4919","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11124\/JBISRIR-D-19-00099","article-title":"Methodological quality of case series studies: an introduction to the JBI critical appraisal tool","volume":"18","author":"Munn Z","year":"2020","unstructured":"Munn Z, Barker TH, Moola S, et al.. Methodological quality of case series studies: an introduction to the JBI critical appraisal tool. JBI Evid Synth. 2020, 18:2127-33. 10.11124\/JBISRIR-D-19-00099","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence","volume":"64","author":"Balshem H","year":"2011","unstructured":"Balshem H, Helfand M, Sch\u00fcnemann HJ, et al.. GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011, 64:401-6. 10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2020.0637","article-title":"Minimally invasive versus open surgery for spinal metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Hinojosa-Gonzalez DE","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hinojosa-Gonzalez DE, Roblesgil-Medrano A, Villarreal-Espinosa JB, et al.. Minimally invasive versus open surgery for spinal metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Spine J. 2022, 16:583-97. 10.31616\/asj.2020.0637","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2018.01.28","article-title":"Minimally invasive versus conventional spine surgery for vertebral metastases: a systematic review of the evidence","volume":"6","author":"Pennington Z","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pennington Z, Ahmed AK, Molina CA, Ehresman J, Laufer I, Sciubba DM. Minimally invasive versus conventional spine surgery for vertebral metastases: a systematic review of the evidence. Ann Transl Med. 2018, 6:103. 10.21037\/atm.2018.01.28","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-015-0468-y","article-title":"Minimal access versus open spinal surgery in treating painful spine metastasis: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Yang Z","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang Z, Yang Y, Zhang Y, et al.. Minimal access versus open spinal surgery in treating painful spine metastasis: a systematic review. World J Surg Oncol. 2015, 13:68. 10.1186\/s12957-015-0468-y","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05191-2","article-title":"Minimally invasive separation surgery for the treatment of spinal metastases with small incision and freehand pedicle screw fixation: the surgical learning curve","volume":"23","author":"Lin J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin J, Zhu X, Tang Q, et al.. Minimally invasive separation surgery for the treatment of spinal metastases with small incision and freehand pedicle screw fixation: the surgical learning curve. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022, 23:273. 10.1186\/s12891-022-05191-2","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568219895265","article-title":"The role of minimal access surgery in the treatment of spinal metastatic tumors","volume":"10","author":"Barzilai O","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barzilai O, Bilsky MH, Laufer I. The role of minimal access surgery in the treatment of spinal metastatic tumors. Global Spine J. 2020, 10:79S-87S.","journal-title":"Global Spine J"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/516074-clinical-outcomes-of-image-guided-spinal-laser-interstitial-thermal-therapy-for-metastatic-epidural-spinal-disease-a-systematic-review-and-narrative-synthesis","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T14:50:37Z","timestamp":1786891837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/516074-clinical-outcomes-of-image-guided-spinal-laser-interstitial-thermal-therapy-for-metastatic-epidural-spinal-disease-a-systematic-review-and-narrative-synthesis"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]]},"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.114604","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]]}}}