{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T01:24:33Z","timestamp":1786929873515,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.114621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:36:53Z","timestamp":1786927013000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Invisible Human-in-the-Loop: An Evolutionary Concept Analysis of Artificial Intelligence in Nursing Assistant Practice"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Crissinee","family":"Sucharitrak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.outlook.2021.01.004","article-title":"Federal requirements for nursing homes to include certified nursing assistants in resident care planning and interdisciplinary teams: a policy analysis","volume":"69","author":"Travers JL","year":"2021","unstructured":"Travers JL, Caceres BA, Vlahov D, Zaidi H, Dill JS, Stone RI, Stone PW. Federal requirements for nursing homes to include certified nursing assistants in resident care planning and interdisciplinary teams: a policy analysis. Nurs Outlook. 2021, 69:617-25. 10.1016\/j.outlook.2021.01.004","journal-title":"Nurs Outlook"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2023.00881","article-title":"Nursing home staffing: share of immigrant certified nursing assistants grew as US-born staff numbers fell, 2010-21","volume":"43","author":"Jun H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jun H, Grabowski DC. Nursing home staffing: share of immigrant certified nursing assistants grew as US-born staff numbers fell, 2010-21. Health Aff (Millwood). 2024, 43:108-17. 10.1377\/hlthaff.2023.00881","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnaf126","article-title":"A looming disaster: the certified nursing assistant staffing shortage","volume":"65","author":"Dobbs A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dobbs A, Taylor M, Lott A, et al.. A looming disaster: the certified nursing assistant staffing shortage. Gerontologist. 2025, 65:gnaf126. 10.1093\/geront\/gnaf126","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep13010015","article-title":"A call for urgent action: innovations for nurse retention in addressing the nursing shortage","volume":"13","author":"Udod S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Udod S. A call for urgent action: innovations for nurse retention in addressing the nursing shortage. Nurs Rep. 2023, 13:145-7. 10.3390\/nursrep13010015","journal-title":"Nurs Rep"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep13010050","article-title":"Relationship between experience of client violence and turnover intention among workers in long-term care facilities for older adults: focusing on nurses, social workers, and care workers","volume":"13","author":"Choi S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Choi S, Shin H, Lee M, Han K. Relationship between experience of client violence and turnover intention among workers in long-term care facilities for older adults: focusing on nurses, social workers, and care workers. Nurs Rep. 2023, 13:549-60. 10.3390\/nursrep13010050","journal-title":"Nurs Rep"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/07334648231155017","article-title":"Organizational factors associated with certified nursing assistants' job satisfaction during COVID-19","volume":"42","author":"Bryant NS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bryant NS, Cimarolli VR, Falzarano F, Stone R. Organizational factors associated with certified nursing assistants' job satisfaction during COVID-19. J Appl Gerontol. 2023, 42:1574-81. 10.1177\/07334648231155017","journal-title":"J Appl Gerontol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1820617","article-title":"Factors associated with turnover intention among institutional long-term care workers in China: a multi-center cross-sectional study in China","volume":"14","author":"Liu B","year":"2026","unstructured":"Liu B, Zhou H, Zhou S, et al.. Factors associated with turnover intention among institutional long-term care workers in China: a multi-center cross-sectional study in China. Front Public Health. 2026, 14:1820617. 10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1820617","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare8040395","article-title":"Reasons for turnover intention among direct care workers in Korea's long-term care insurance","volume":"8","author":"Chon Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chon Y, Kim YY. Reasons for turnover intention among direct care workers in Korea's long-term care insurance. Healthcare (Basel). 2020, 8:395. 10.3390\/healthcare8040395","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2021.00749","article-title":"Trends in home care versus nursing home workforce sizes: are states converging or diverging over time?","volume":"40","author":"Friedman EM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Friedman EM, Ghosh-Dastidar M, Ruder T, Siconolfi D, Shih RA. Trends in home care versus nursing home workforce sizes: are states converging or diverging over time?. Health Aff (Millwood). 2021, 40:1875-82. 10.1377\/hlthaff.2021.00749","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.40542","article-title":"Harnessing large language models in nursing care planning: opportunities, challenges, and ethical considerations","volume":"15","author":"Nashwan AJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nashwan AJ, Abujaber AA. Harnessing large language models in nursing care planning: opportunities, challenges, and ethical considerations. Cureus. 2023, 15:e40542. 10.7759\/cureus.40542","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ai5020028","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in healthcare: ChatGPT and beyond","volume":"5","author":"Hulsen T","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hulsen T. Artificial intelligence in healthcare: ChatGPT and beyond. AI. 2024, 5:550-4. 10.3390\/ai5020028","journal-title":"AI"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-025-01131-z","article-title":"Impact of large language model (ChatGPT) in healthcare: an umbrella review and evidence synthesis","volume":"32","author":"Iqbal U","year":"2025","unstructured":"Iqbal U, Tanweer A, Rahmanti AR, Greenfield D, Lee LT, Li YJ. Impact of large language model (ChatGPT) in healthcare: an umbrella review and evidence synthesis. J Biomed Sci. 2025, 32:45. 10.1186\/s12929-025-01131-z","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nin.12556","article-title":"Will ChatGPT undermine ethical values in nursing education, research, and practice?","volume":"30","author":"Abdulai AF","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abdulai AF, Hung L. Will ChatGPT undermine ethical values in nursing education, research, and practice?. Nurs Inq. 2023, 30:e12556. 10.1111\/nin.12556","journal-title":"Nurs Inq"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.57725","article-title":"Embracing artificial intelligence: revolutionizing nursing documentation for a better future","volume":"16","author":"Yadav S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yadav S. Embracing artificial intelligence: revolutionizing nursing documentation for a better future. Cureus. 2024, 16:e57725. 10.7759\/cureus.57725","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.60637","article-title":"Clinician experiences with ambient scribe technology to assist with documentation burden and efficiency","volume":"8","author":"Duggan MJ","year":"2025","unstructured":"Duggan MJ, Gervase J, Schoenbaum A, Hanson W, Howell JT 3rd, Sheinberg M, Johnson KB. Clinician experiences with ambient scribe technology to assist with documentation burden and efficiency. JAMA Netw Open. 2025, 8:e2460637. 10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.60637","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocaf180","article-title":"Evaluating ambient artificial intelligence documentation: effects on work efficiency, documentation burden, and patient-centered care","volume":"33","author":"Guo Y","year":"2026","unstructured":"Guo Y, Wang J, Hu D, et al.. Evaluating ambient artificial intelligence documentation: effects on work efficiency, documentation burden, and patient-centered care. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2026, 33:273-82. 10.1093\/jamia\/ocaf180","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14283\/jnhrs.2020.20","article-title":"Health information technology use among nursing assistants in long-term care: a user study of a touch-screen point-of-care system","volume":"6","author":"Meehan R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meehan R. Health information technology use among nursing assistants in long-term care: a user study of a touch-screen point-of-care system. J Nurs Home Res Sci. 2020, 6:73-7. 10.14283\/jnhrs.2020.20","journal-title":"J Nurs Home Res Sci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/37521","article-title":"Technology acceptance and usability of a mobile app to support the workflow of health care aides who provide services to older adults: pilot mixed methods study","volume":"5","author":"Miguel Cruz A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Miguel Cruz A, Lopez Portillo HP, Daum C, Rutledge E, King S, Liu L. Technology acceptance and usability of a mobile app to support the workflow of health care aides who provide services to older adults: pilot mixed methods study. JMIR Aging. 2022, 5:e37521. 10.2196\/37521","journal-title":"JMIR Aging"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/58629","article-title":"Nursing staff's perspectives of care robots for assisted living facilities: systematic literature review","volume":"7","author":"Trainum K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Trainum K, Liu J, Hauser E, Xie B. Nursing staff's perspectives of care robots for assisted living facilities: systematic literature review. JMIR Aging. 2024, 7:e58629. 10.2196\/58629","journal-title":"JMIR Aging"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/69107","article-title":"Passive remote monitoring technologies' influence on home care clients' ability to stay home: multiprovincial randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Donelle L","year":"2025","unstructured":"Donelle L, Hiebert B, Warner G, et al.. Passive remote monitoring technologies' influence on home care clients' ability to stay home: multiprovincial randomized controlled trial. JMIR Aging. 2025, 8:e69107. 10.2196\/69107","journal-title":"JMIR Aging"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s25216795","article-title":"Enhancing quality of resident care and staff efficiency through implementation of sensors in the long-term care setting: a multi-site mixed-methods study","volume":"25","author":"Freeman S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Freeman S, Otalvaro Zapata S, Sargent MJ. Enhancing quality of resident care and staff efficiency through implementation of sensors in the long-term care setting: a multi-site mixed-methods study. Sensors (Basel). 2025, 25:6795. 10.3390\/s25216795","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/82223","article-title":"Acceptance of digital technology among nursing staff in geriatric long-term care: systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Iseni J","year":"2026","unstructured":"Iseni J, Swoboda W, Houben D, Hilla R. Acceptance of digital technology among nursing staff in geriatric long-term care: systematic review. JMIR Nurs. 2026, 9:e82223. 10.2196\/82223","journal-title":"JMIR Nurs"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12212195","article-title":"Changes in technology acceptance of smart care beds among long-term care workers in Korea","volume":"12","author":"Kim YS","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim YS, Shin H, Lee M, et al.. Changes in technology acceptance of smart care beds among long-term care workers in Korea. Healthcare (Basel). 2024, 12:2195. 10.3390\/healthcare12212195","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2022.104824","article-title":"Using health information technology in residential aged care homes: an integrative review to identify service and quality outcomes","volume":"165","author":"Bail K","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bail K, Gibson D, Acharya P, et al.. Using health information technology in residential aged care homes: an integrative review to identify service and quality outcomes. Int J Med Inform. 2022, 165:104824. 10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2022.104824","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.14857","article-title":"A concept analysis on the use of artificial intelligence in nursing","volume":"13","author":"Shang Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shang Z. A concept analysis on the use of artificial intelligence in nursing. Cureus. 2021, 13:e14857. 10.7759\/cureus.14857","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-03818-y","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-assisted nursing care: a concept analysis using Walker and Avant approach","volume":"24","author":"Nematollahi Maleki R","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nematollahi Maleki R, Shahbazi S, Hosseinzadeh M, Ghafourifard M, Gholizad Gougjehyaran H, Faravan A. Artificial intelligence-assisted nursing care: a concept analysis using Walker and Avant approach. BMC Nurs. 2025, 24:1175. 10.1186\/s12912-025-03818-y","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.70156","article-title":"Artificial intelligence technologies supporting nurses' clinical decision-making: a systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Mikkonen K","year":"2026","unstructured":"Mikkonen K, Tuunainen S, Oikarinen A, et al.. Artificial intelligence technologies supporting nurses' clinical decision-making: a systematic review. J Clin Nurs. 2026, 35:1525-40. 10.1111\/jocn.70156","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/informatics8040067","article-title":"Nursing informatics: consumer-centred digital health","volume":"8","author":"Skiba D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Skiba D, Honey M. Nursing informatics: consumer-centred digital health. Informatics. 2021, 8:67. 10.3390\/informatics8040067","journal-title":"Informatics"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CIN.0000000000001026","article-title":"Nurses' informatics competency assessment of health information system usage: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"41","author":"Kinnunen UM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kinnunen UM, Kuusisto A, Koponen S, Ahonen O, Kaihlanen AM, Hassinen T, Vehko T. Nurses' informatics competency assessment of health information system usage: a cross-sectional survey. Comput Inform Nurs. 2023, 41:869-76. 10.1097\/CIN.0000000000001026","journal-title":"Comput Inform Nurs"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2025.1585603","article-title":"Perceptions of nursing informatics on quality of nursing practice and competency among nurses in Jordan","volume":"7","author":"Alnajjar R","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alnajjar R, Zyoud A, Al-Shamaly H, Tamimi A, AbedRabbu M. Perceptions of nursing informatics on quality of nursing practice and competency among nurses in Jordan. Front Digit Health. 2025, 7:1585603. 10.3389\/fdgth.2025.1585603","journal-title":"Front Digit Health"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2026.1785086","article-title":"Why digital health fails silently: a sociotechnical theory of health information technology-related risk","volume":"8","author":"Jabin MSR","year":"2026","unstructured":"Jabin MSR. Why digital health fails silently: a sociotechnical theory of health information technology-related risk. Front Digit Health. 2026, 8:1785086. 10.3389\/fdgth.2026.1785086","journal-title":"Front Digit Health"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/67820","article-title":"Application of a sociotechnical framework to uncover factors that influence effective user engagement with digital mental health tools in clinical care contexts: scoping review","volume":"27","author":"Lo B","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lo B, Durocher K, Charow R, et al.. Application of a sociotechnical framework to uncover factors that influence effective user engagement with digital mental health tools in clinical care contexts: scoping review. J Med Internet Res. 2025, 27:e67820. 10.2196\/67820","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1868-6431","article-title":"Implementing best practices to redesign workflow and optimize nursing documentation in the electronic health record","volume":"13","author":"Lindsay MR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lindsay MR, Lytle K. Implementing best practices to redesign workflow and optimize nursing documentation in the electronic health record. Appl Clin Inform. 2022, 13:711-19. 10.1055\/a-1868-6431","journal-title":"Appl Clin Inform"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.1989.tb03420.x","article-title":"Concepts, analysis and the development of nursing knowledge: the evolutionary cycle","volume":"14","author":"Rodgers BL","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rodgers BL. Concepts, analysis and the development of nursing knowledge: the evolutionary cycle. J Adv Nurs. 1989, 14:330-5. 10.1111\/j.1365-2648.1989.tb03420.x","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-022-01761-5","article-title":"E-health literacy in older adults: an evolutionary concept analysis","volume":"22","author":"Jung SO","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jung SO, Son YH, Choi E. E-health literacy in older adults: an evolutionary concept analysis. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2022, 22:28. 10.1186\/s12911-022-01761-5","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-025-01407-8","article-title":"Organizational resilience in nursing: a concept analysis using Rodgers' evolutionary approach","volume":"23","author":"Peng Y","year":"2025","unstructured":"Peng Y, Ou Y, Luo X, Wang C, Xiao M, Huang H, Zhao Q. Organizational resilience in nursing: a concept analysis using Rodgers' evolutionary approach. Health Res Policy Syst. 2025, 23:129. 10.1186\/s12961-025-01407-8","journal-title":"Health Res Policy Syst"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.57237\/j.nhres.2025.01.002","article-title":"Based on Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis: definition of digital health literacy","author":"Sun Z","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun Z, Zhang H, Feng W, Wang Y, Chen Y. Based on Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis: definition of digital health literacy. Nurs Health Res. 2025, 4. 10.57237\/j.nhres.2025.01.002","journal-title":"Nurs Health Res"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/39681","article-title":"Decision support tools in adult long-term care facilities: scoping review","volume":"24","author":"Lapp L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lapp L, Egan K, McCann L, Mackenzie M, Wales A, Maguire R. Decision support tools in adult long-term care facilities: scoping review. J Med Internet Res. 2022, 24:e39681. 10.2196\/39681","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/asi8020030","article-title":"Fuzzy Delphi evaluation on long-term care nurse aide platform: socio-technical approach for job satisfaction and work effectiveness","volume":"8","author":"Chiu JZ","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chiu JZ, Hsieh CC. Fuzzy Delphi evaluation on long-term care nurse aide platform: socio-technical approach for job satisfaction and work effectiveness. Appl Syst Innov. 2025, 8:30. 10.3390\/asi8020030","journal-title":"Appl Syst Innov"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/65641","article-title":"Assessing the use of welfare technology in social care for older adults through assistant nurses' perceptions of upskilling and care delivery outcomes: cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"Naseer M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Naseer M, Dellve L. Assessing the use of welfare technology in social care for older adults through assistant nurses' perceptions of upskilling and care delivery outcomes: cross-sectional study. JMIR Nurs. 2025, 8:e65641. 10.2196\/65641","journal-title":"JMIR Nurs"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11070994","article-title":"The widening gap between the digital capability of the care workforce and technology-enabled healthcare delivery: a nursing and allied health analysis","volume":"11","author":"Morris ME","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morris ME, Brusco NK, Jones J, et al.. The widening gap between the digital capability of the care workforce and technology-enabled healthcare delivery: a nursing and allied health analysis. Healthcare (Basel). 2023, 11:994. 10.3390\/healthcare11070994","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep11010002","article-title":"The relationship between nurses' training and perceptions of electronic documentation systems","volume":"11","author":"Zaman N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zaman N, Goldberg DM, Kelly S, Russell RS, Drye SL. The relationship between nurses' training and perceptions of electronic documentation systems. Nurs Rep. 2021, 11:12-27. 10.3390\/nursrep11010002","journal-title":"Nurs Rep"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.9892","article-title":"The implementation of an innovative hydration monitoring app in care home settings: a qualitative study","volume":"7","author":"Steven A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Steven A, Wilson G, Young-Murphy L. The implementation of an innovative hydration monitoring app in care home settings: a qualitative study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2019, 7:e9892. 10.2196\/mhealth.9892","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-07031-z","article-title":"A post-market cluster randomized controlled trial of the effect of the TENA SmartCare Change Indicator\u2122 on urinary continence care efficiency and skin health in older nursing home residents","volume":"24","author":"Omotunde M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Omotunde M, Agholme F, B\u00f6hling A, et al.. A post-market cluster randomized controlled trial of the effect of the TENA SmartCare Change Indicator\u2122 on urinary continence care efficiency and skin health in older nursing home residents. Trials. 2023, 24:80. 10.1186\/s13063-022-07031-z","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10400435.2022.2039324","article-title":"Reduction of multiple-caregiver assistance through the long-term use of a transfer support robot in a nursing facility","volume":"35","author":"Kato K","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kato K, Yoshimi T, Aimoto K, Sato K, Itoh N, Kondo I. Reduction of multiple-caregiver assistance through the long-term use of a transfer support robot in a nursing facility. Assist Technol. 2023, 35:271-8. 10.1080\/10400435.2022.2039324","journal-title":"Assist Technol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CIN.0000000000001579","article-title":"Factors influencing caregivers' intention to use transfer-care robots: a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study","author":"Kang K","year":"2026","unstructured":"Kang K, Song YA, Park JY, Bae SY, Hwang JY, Song JE. Factors influencing caregivers' intention to use transfer-care robots: a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study. Comput Inform Nurs. 2026, e01579. 10.1097\/CIN.0000000000001579","journal-title":"Comput Inform Nurs"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/21881","article-title":"Care staff perspectives on using mobile technology to support communication in long-term care: mixed methods study","volume":"3","author":"Wilson R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wilson R, Small J. Care staff perspectives on using mobile technology to support communication in long-term care: mixed methods study. JMIR Nurs. 2020, 3:e21881. 10.2196\/21881","journal-title":"JMIR Nurs"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep15090329","article-title":"Nurses' perceptions of electronic medical record effectiveness at Ministry of Health hospitals in Jeddah city: a cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Rajab EA","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rajab EA, Mahran SM, Abdullah NA. Nurses' perceptions of electronic medical record effectiveness at Ministry of Health hospitals in Jeddah city: a cross-sectional study. Nurs Rep. 2025, 15:329. 10.3390\/nursrep15090329","journal-title":"Nurs Rep"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2025.1691499","article-title":"Assessing the quality of AI-generated clinical notes: validated evaluation of a large language model ambient scribe","volume":"8","author":"Palm E","year":"2025","unstructured":"Palm E, Manikantan A, Mahal H, Belwadi SS, Pepin ME. Assessing the quality of AI-generated clinical notes: validated evaluation of a large language model ambient scribe. Front Artif Intell. 2025, 8:1691499. 10.3389\/frai.2025.1691499","journal-title":"Front Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/85580","article-title":"Impact of an ambient AI scribe among clinicians and patients: real-world prospective observational time-motion study","volume":"14","author":"Tan JY","year":"2026","unstructured":"Tan JY, Rafi IB, Sng GG, et al.. Impact of an ambient AI scribe among clinicians and patients: real-world prospective observational time-motion study. JMIR Med Inform. 2026, 14:e85580. 10.2196\/85580","journal-title":"JMIR Med Inform"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics6020034","article-title":"Continence status and presence of pressure skin injury among special elderly nursing home residents in Japan: a nationwide cross-sectional survey","volume":"6","author":"Suzuki M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Suzuki M, Kodaira M, Suyama K, Murata T, Kume H. Continence status and presence of pressure skin injury among special elderly nursing home residents in Japan: a nationwide cross-sectional survey. Geriatrics (Basel). 2021, 6:34. 10.3390\/geriatrics6020034","journal-title":"Geriatrics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21061957","article-title":"Identifying fall risk predictors by monitoring daily activities at home using a depth sensor coupled to machine learning algorithms","volume":"21","author":"Dubois A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dubois A, Bihl T, Bresciani JP. Identifying fall risk predictors by monitoring daily activities at home using a depth sensor coupled to machine learning algorithms. Sensors (Basel). 2021, 21:1957. 10.3390\/s21061957","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare14111455","article-title":"The role of artificial intelligence in enhancing quality of care in nursing homes: a rapid review","volume":"14","author":"Mileski M","year":"2026","unstructured":"Mileski M, Torres AM, Beauvais B, et al.. The role of artificial intelligence in enhancing quality of care in nursing homes: a rapid review. Healthcare (Basel). 2026, 14:1455. 10.3390\/healthcare14111455","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2025.12.017","article-title":"Ambient artificial intelligence scribe adoption and documentation time in the emergency department","volume":"87","author":"Preiksaitis C","year":"2026","unstructured":"Preiksaitis C, Alvarez A, Winkel M, et al.. Ambient artificial intelligence scribe adoption and documentation time in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2026, 87:569-74. 10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2025.12.017","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opn.12592","article-title":"Gauging the stress of long-term care nursing assistants using ecological momentary assessment, wearable sensors and end of day reconstruction","volume":"19","author":"Doran K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Doran K, Witmer S, Yoon KL, et al.. Gauging the stress of long-term care nursing assistants using ecological momentary assessment, wearable sensors and end of day reconstruction. Int J Older People Nurs. 2024, 19:e12592. 10.1111\/opn.12592","journal-title":"Int J Older People Nurs"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igag021","article-title":"Implementing virtual reality training for person-centered communication in dementia care: a longitudinal qualitative study","volume":"10","author":"Savundranayagam MY","year":"2026","unstructured":"Savundranayagam MY, Schumann A, Norris G, Campos JL, Orange JB. Implementing virtual reality training for person-centered communication in dementia care: a longitudinal qualitative study. Innov Aging. 2026, 10:igag021. 10.1093\/geroni\/igag021","journal-title":"Innov Aging"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191710493","article-title":"How about an educational framework for nursing staff in long-term care facilities to improve the care of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia?","volume":"19","author":"Kim D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim D, Choi YR, Lee YN, Park WH, Chang SO. How about an educational framework for nursing staff in long-term care facilities to improve the care of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia?. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022, 19:10493. 10.3390\/ijerph191710493","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsoc.2022.957246","article-title":"Algorithmic harms and digital ageism in the use of surveillance technologies in nursing homes","volume":"7","author":"Berridge C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Berridge C, Grigorovich A. Algorithmic harms and digital ageism in the use of surveillance technologies in nursing homes. Front Sociol. 2022, 7:957246. 10.3389\/fsoc.2022.957246","journal-title":"Front Sociol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnab167","article-title":"Digital ageism: challenges and opportunities in artificial intelligence for older adults","volume":"62","author":"Chu CH","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chu CH, Nyrup R, Leslie K, et al.. Digital ageism: challenges and opportunities in artificial intelligence for older adults. Gerontologist. 2022, 62:947-55. 10.1093\/geront\/gnab167","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-082610","article-title":"Developing a data-informed care planning improvement intervention in long-term care in Nova Scotia: protocol for an advisory-led interpretive qualitative study","volume":"15","author":"Kalu M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kalu M, Nasiri N, Iaboni A, et al.. Developing a data-informed care planning improvement intervention in long-term care in Nova Scotia: protocol for an advisory-led interpretive qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2025, 15:e082610. 10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-082610","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10547738241227699","article-title":"Human near the loop: implications for artificial intelligence in healthcare","volume":"33","author":"Jackson JM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jackson JM, Pinto MD. Human near the loop: implications for artificial intelligence in healthcare. Clin Nurs Res. 2024, 33:135-7. 10.1177\/10547738241227699","journal-title":"Clin Nurs Res"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-023-01777-z","article-title":"Institutionalised distrust and human oversight of artificial intelligence: towards a democratic design of AI governance under the European Union AI Act","volume":"39","author":"Laux J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Laux J. Institutionalised distrust and human oversight of artificial intelligence: towards a democratic design of AI governance under the European Union AI Act. AI Soc. 2024, 39:2853-66. 10.1007\/s00146-023-01777-z","journal-title":"AI Soc"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2025.1600044","article-title":"Resilience through resistance: the role of worker agency in navigating algorithmic control","volume":"8","author":"Williams M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Williams M, Rani U. Resilience through resistance: the role of worker agency in navigating algorithmic control. Front Artif Intell. 2025, 8:1600044. 10.3389\/frai.2025.1600044","journal-title":"Front Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-025-03570-7","article-title":"Perceived algorithmic control and gig workers' work engagement: assessing the mediating role of psychological empowerment and the moderating effect of deep acting","volume":"13","author":"Lin Q","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lin Q, Sun R, Zhu Q. Perceived algorithmic control and gig workers' work engagement: assessing the mediating role of psychological empowerment and the moderating effect of deep acting. BMC Psychol. 2025, 13:1237. 10.1186\/s40359-025-03570-7","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-023-01402-0","article-title":"Are algorithmically controlled gig workers deeply burned out? An empirical study on employee work engagement","volume":"11","author":"Lang JJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lang JJ, Yang LF, Cheng C, Cheng XY, Chen FY. Are algorithmically controlled gig workers deeply burned out? An empirical study on employee work engagement. BMC Psychol. 2023, 11:354. 10.1186\/s40359-023-01402-0","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-024-02170-x","article-title":"Exploring the deep learning of artificial intelligence in nursing: a concept analysis with Walker and Avant's approach","volume":"23","author":"Wangpitipanit S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wangpitipanit S, Lininger J, Anderson N. Exploring the deep learning of artificial intelligence in nursing: a concept analysis with Walker and Avant's approach. BMC Nurs. 2024, 23:529. 10.1186\/s12912-024-02170-x","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.100317","article-title":"Advancing nursing through artificial intelligence: a systematic literature review of current evidence","volume":"17","author":"Priya TA","year":"2025","unstructured":"Priya TA, Philo JA, Beutlin R, Hestrin S, Jemila AA, R R. Advancing nursing through artificial intelligence: a systematic literature review of current evidence. Cureus. 2025, 17:e100317. 10.7759\/cureus.100317","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/519841-the-invisible-human-in-the-loop-an-evolutionary-concept-analysis-of-artificial-intelligence-in-nursing-assistant-practice","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:36:54Z","timestamp":1786927014000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/519841-the-invisible-human-in-the-loop-an-evolutionary-concept-analysis-of-artificial-intelligence-in-nursing-assistant-practice"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]]},"references-count":67,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.114621","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]]}}}