{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:29:01Z","timestamp":1787239741449,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.114862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:49:19Z","timestamp":1787237359000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thymic Carcinoma Presenting as Diffuse Bone Marrow Infiltration Mimicking Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Krystel  P","family":"Mateus Farias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar R","family":"Reyes Mayaute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walmer M","family":"Tarazona Cervantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen  R","family":"Pozo Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald J","family":"Alvarez Guzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana V","family":"Murrugarra Meza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Valladares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000654","article-title":"The 2015 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the thymus: continuity and changes","volume":"10","author":"Marx A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marx A, Chan JK, Coindre JM, et al.. The 2015 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the thymus: continuity and changes. J Thorac Oncol. 2015, 10:1383-95. 10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000654","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11099","article-title":"Malignant thymoma in the United States: demographic patterns in incidence and associations with subsequent malignancies","volume":"105","author":"Engels EA","year":"2003","unstructured":"Engels EA, Pfeiffer RM. Malignant thymoma in the United States: demographic patterns in incidence and associations with subsequent malignancies. Int J Cancer. 2003, 105:546-51. 10.1002\/ijc.11099","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0003-4975(03)00555-1","article-title":"Therapy for thymic epithelial tumors: a clinical study of 1,320 patients from Japan","volume":"76","author":"Kondo K","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kondo K, Monden Y. Therapy for thymic epithelial tumors: a clinical study of 1,320 patients from Japan. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003, 76:878-84. 10.1016\/s0003-4975(03)00555-1","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227197","article-title":"Trends in the incidence of thymoma, thymic carcinoma, and thymic neuroendocrine tumor in the United States","volume":"14","author":"Hsu CH","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hsu CH, Chan JK, Yin CH, Lee CC, Chern CU, Liao CI. Trends in the incidence of thymoma, thymic carcinoma, and thymic neuroendocrine tumor in the United States. PLoS One. 2019, 14:e0227197. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0227197","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.05.09","article-title":"The European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) thymic database","volume":"10","author":"Ruffini E","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ruffini E, Falcoz PE, Guerrera F, et al.. The European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) thymic database. J Thorac Dis. 2018, 10:S3516-20. 10.21037\/jtd.2018.05.09","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2012.12.012","article-title":"Clinical outcomes with chemotherapy for advanced thymic carcinoma","volume":"80","author":"Okuma Y","year":"2013","unstructured":"Okuma Y, Hosomi Y, Takagi Y, et al.. Clinical outcomes with chemotherapy for advanced thymic carcinoma. Lung Cancer. 2013, 80:75-80. 10.1016\/j.lungcan.2012.12.012","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2016.05.007","article-title":"Patterns of metastasis and recurrence in thymic epithelial tumours: longitudinal imaging review in correlation with histological subtypes","volume":"71","author":"Khandelwal A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khandelwal A, Sholl LM, Araki T, Ramaiya NH, Hatabu H, Nishino M. Patterns of metastasis and recurrence in thymic epithelial tumours: longitudinal imaging review in correlation with histological subtypes. Clin Radiol. 2016, 71:1010-7. 10.1016\/j.crad.2016.05.007","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2016.01.012","article-title":"Thymoma and thymic carcinoma","volume":"99","author":"Scorsetti M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scorsetti M, Leo F, Trama A, et al.. Thymoma and thymic carcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2016, 99:332-50.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15386\/cjmed-887","article-title":"Thymic carcinoma - a rare case report","volume":"91","author":"Bansal N","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bansal N, Roychoudhury AK, Dhingra H. Thymic carcinoma - a rare case report. Clujul Med. 2018, 91:238-41. 10.15386\/cjmed-887","journal-title":"Clujul Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.010","article-title":"Thymic carcinoma: is it a separate entity? From molecular to clinical evidence","volume":"21","author":"Marx A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marx A, Rieker R, Toker A, L\u00e4nger F, Str\u00f6bel P. Thymic carcinoma: is it a separate entity? From molecular to clinical evidence. Thorac Surg Clin. 2011, 21:25-31. 10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.010","journal-title":"Thorac Surg Clin"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/jct.2019.107042","article-title":"Survival in a Chilean cohort of thymic tumors","volume":"10","author":"Salinas M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salinas M, Liessi M, Vallejo P, Ibarra C. Survival in a Chilean cohort of thymic tumors. J Cancer Ther. 2019, 10:510-7. 10.4236\/jct.2019.107042","journal-title":"J Cancer Ther"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.1.140","article-title":"Immunohistochemical KIT (CD117) expression in thymic epithelial tumors","volume":"128","author":"Nakagawa K","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nakagawa K, Matsuno Y, Kunitoh H, Maeshima A, Asamura H, Tsuchiya R. Immunohistochemical KIT (CD117) expression in thymic epithelial tumors. Chest. 2005, 128:140-4. 10.1378\/chest.128.1.140","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv277","article-title":"Thymic epithelial tumours: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"26 Suppl 5","author":"Girard N","year":"2015","unstructured":"Girard N, Ruffini E, Marx A, Faivre-Finn C, Peters S. Thymic epithelial tumours: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2015, 26 Suppl 5:v40-55. 10.1093\/annonc\/mdv277","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20517\/2394-4722.2021.185","article-title":"Thymic carcinoma: review and update","volume":"10","author":"Karlin K","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karlin K, Michaels PD. Thymic carcinoma: review and update. J Cancer Metastasis Treat. 2022, 10:20517. 10.20517\/2394-4722.2021.185","journal-title":"J Cancer Metastasis Treat"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.61455","article-title":"Thymic carcinoma presenting as a mediastinal mass resembling a cardiac tumor","volume":"16","author":"Doreswamy S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Doreswamy S, Mishra S, Venigalla T, Al Turaihi Z, Sekhar S. Thymic carcinoma presenting as a mediastinal mass resembling a cardiac tumor. Cureus. 2024, 16:e61455. 10.7759\/cureus.61455","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-022-02000-8","article-title":"Thymic adenocarcinoma presenting as an incidental mediastinal mass","volume":"17","author":"O'Shea AE","year":"2022","unstructured":"O'Shea AE, Nissen AP, Bowen DK, Barnett TL, Gustafson JD. Thymic adenocarcinoma presenting as an incidental mediastinal mass. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2022, 17:257. 10.1186\/s13019-022-02000-8","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.64955\/jratiy2025x874","article-title":"Infected thymic carcinoma: case report","volume":"42","author":"Portillo Salazar IC","year":"2025","unstructured":"Portillo Salazar IC, Lusich B. Infected thymic carcinoma: case report. Rev Argent Ter Intensiva. 2025, 42:10. 10.64955\/jratiy2025x874","journal-title":"Rev Argent Ter Intensiva"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16010166","article-title":"Molecular and functional key features and oncogenic drivers in thymic carcinomas","volume":"16","author":"Barachini S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barachini S, Pardini E, Burzi IS, Sardo Infirri G, Montali M, Petrini I. Molecular and functional key features and oncogenic drivers in thymic carcinomas. Cancers (Basel). 2023, 16:166. 10.3390\/cancers16010166","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.808019","article-title":"Thymic carcinoma: a review","volume":"12","author":"Alqaidy D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alqaidy D, Moran CA. Thymic carcinoma: a review. Front Oncol. 2022, 12:808019. 10.3389\/fonc.2022.808019","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.02.001","article-title":"Trends in incidence and survival of patients with thymic epithelial tumor in a high-incidence Asian country: analysis of the Korean Central Cancer Registry 1999 to 2017","volume":"17","author":"Shin DW","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shin DW, Cho JH, Ha J, Jung KW. Trends in incidence and survival of patients with thymic epithelial tumor in a high-incidence Asian country: analysis of the Korean Central Cancer Registry 1999 to 2017. J Thorac Oncol. 2022, 17:827-37. 10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.02.001","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117534","article-title":"CXCL12\/CXCR4 axis in the microenvironment of solid tumors: a critical mediator of metastasis","volume":"249","author":"Mortezaee K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mortezaee K. CXCL12\/CXCR4 axis in the microenvironment of solid tumors: a critical mediator of metastasis. Life Sci. 2020, 249:117534. 10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117534","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1326006","article-title":"Case report: a sustained survival benefit of third-line immunotherapy for refractory thymic carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Meng M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meng M, Yu B, Luo J, et al.. Case report: a sustained survival benefit of third-line immunotherapy for refractory thymic carcinoma. Front Oncol. 2024, 14:1326006. 10.3389\/fonc.2024.1326006","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-022-00888-z","article-title":"Role of chemokines in the crosstalk between tumor and tumor-associated macrophages","volume":"23","author":"Qin R","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qin R, Ren W, Ya G, et al.. Role of chemokines in the crosstalk between tumor and tumor-associated macrophages. Clin Exp Med. 2023, 23:1359-73. 10.1007\/s10238-022-00888-z","journal-title":"Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17223622","article-title":"Current clinical paradigm and therapeutic advancements in thymic malignancies: a narrative review","volume":"17","author":"Dias E Silva D","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dias E Silva D, Miyamura BV, Mambetsariev I, et al.. Current clinical paradigm and therapeutic advancements in thymic malignancies: a narrative review. Cancers (Basel). 2025, 17:3622. 10.3390\/cancers17223622","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/505643-thymic-carcinoma-presenting-as-diffuse-bone-marrow-infiltration-mimicking-lymphoma","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:49:20Z","timestamp":1787237360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/505643-thymic-carcinoma-presenting-as-diffuse-bone-marrow-infiltration-mimicking-lymphoma"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"references-count":24,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.114862","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]}}}