{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:32:43Z","timestamp":1787311963882,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.114915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T10:47:46Z","timestamp":1787309266000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From Volume to Value: A Systematic Review of Payment and Financial Incentive Models for Preventive Care Delivery in Primary Health Care"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Anwar","family":"Alrashed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhari K","family":"Alobaidli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waqas","family":"Alauddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Primary health care measurement framework and indicators. monitoring health systems through a primary health care lens. (2022). https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240044210."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0009.2005.00409.x","article-title":"Contribution of primary care to health systems and health","volume":"83","author":"Starfield B","year":"2005","unstructured":"Starfield B, Shi L, Macinko J. Contribution of primary care to health systems and health. Milbank Q. 2005, 83:457-502. 10.1111\/j.1468-0009.2005.00409.x","journal-title":"Milbank Q"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002215","article-title":"Capitation, salary, fee-for-service and mixed systems of payment: effects on the behaviour of primary care physicians","volume":"2000","author":"Gosden T","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gosden T, Forland F, Kristiansen IS, et al.. Capitation, salary, fee-for-service and mixed systems of payment: effects on the behaviour of primary care physicians. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000, 2000:CD002215. 10.1002\/14651858.CD002215","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2013.01.008","article-title":"Effects of pay for performance in health care: a systematic review of systematic reviews","volume":"110","author":"Eijkenaar F","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eijkenaar F, Emmert M, Scheppach M, Sch\u00f6ffski O. Effects of pay for performance in health care: a systematic review of systematic reviews. Health Policy. 2013, 110:115-130. 10.1016\/j.healthpol.2013.01.008","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-1881","article-title":"The effects of pay-for-performance programs on health, health care use, and processes of care: a systematic review","volume":"166","author":"Mendelson A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mendelson A, Kondo K, Damberg C, et al.. The effects of pay-for-performance programs on health, health care use, and processes of care: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2017, 166:341-353. 10.7326\/M16-1881","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008451.pub2","article-title":"The effect of financial incentives on the quality of health care provided by primary care physicians","author":"Scott A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Scott A, Sivey P, Ouakrim DA, Willenberg L, Naccarella L, Furler J, Young D. The effect of financial incentives on the quality of health care provided by primary care physicians. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011, CD008451. 10.1002\/14651858.CD008451.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.06.015","article-title":"Risk-of-bias assessment using Cochrane's revised tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) was useful but challenging and resource-intensive: observations from a systematic review","volume":"161","author":"Crocker TF","year":"2023","unstructured":"Crocker TF, Lam N, Jord\u00e3o M, et al.. Risk-of-bias assessment using Cochrane's revised tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) was useful but challenging and resource-intensive: observations from a systematic review. J Clin Epidemiol. 2023, 161:39-45. 10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.06.015","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.09.018","article-title":"GRADE Guidelines 30: the GRADE approach to assessing the certainty\u00a0of modeled evidence \u2014 an overview in the context of health\u00a0decision-making","volume":"129","author":"Brozek JL","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brozek JL, Canelo-Aybar C, Akl EA, et al.. GRADE Guidelines 30: the GRADE approach to assessing the certainty\u00a0of modeled evidence \u2014 an overview in the context of health\u00a0decision-making. J Clin Epidemiol. 2021, 129:138-150. 10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.09.018","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.105906","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"88","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Int J Surg. 2021, 88:105906. 10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.105906","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010418-102803","article-title":"How to do a systematic review: a best practice guide for conducting and reporting narrative reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-syntheses","volume":"70","author":"Siddaway AP","year":"2019","unstructured":"Siddaway AP, Wood AM, Hedges LV. How to do a systematic review: a best practice guide for conducting and reporting narrative reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-syntheses. Annu Rev Psychol. 2019, 70:747-770. 10.1146\/annurev-psych-010418-102803","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5195\/jmla.2025.1831","article-title":"Insights from search summary tables for evidence and gap maps: a case study on peer support interventions","volume":"113","author":"Bethel AC","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bethel AC, Shaw N, Abbot R, et al.. Insights from search summary tables for evidence and gap maps: a case study on peer support interventions. J Med Libr Assoc. 2025, 113:177-183. 10.5195\/jmla.2025.1831","journal-title":"J Med Libr Assoc"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2024.102391","article-title":"A benchmark for the quality of reflexology intervention reporting using the template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist: a systematic review","volume":"1","author":"James J","year":"2024","unstructured":"James J, Costello JT, Drahota AK. A benchmark for the quality of reflexology intervention reporting using the template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist: a systematic review. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 2024, 1:102391. 10.1016\/j.eujim.2024.102391","journal-title":"European Journal of Integrative Medicine"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/ACPJC-1995-123-3-A12","article-title":"The well-built clinical question: a key to evidence-based decisions","volume":"123","author":"Richardson WS","year":"1995","unstructured":"Richardson WS, Wilson MC, Nishikawa J, Hayward RS. The well-built clinical question: a key to evidence-based decisions. ACP J Club. 1995, 123:A12-A13. 10.7326\/ACPJC-1995-123-3-A12","journal-title":"ACP J Club"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0091-7435(02)00052-x","article-title":"The impact of financial incentives and a patient registry on preventive care quality: increasing provider adherence to evidence-based smoking cessation practice guidelines","volume":"36","author":"Roski J","year":"2003","unstructured":"Roski J, Jeddeloh R, An L, et al.. The impact of financial incentives and a patient registry on preventive care quality: increasing provider adherence to evidence-based smoking cessation practice guidelines. Prev Med. 2003, 36:291-299. 10.1016\/s0091-7435(02)00052-x","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.277353","article-title":"Effect of pay-for-performance incentives on quality of care in small practices with electronic health records: a randomized trial","volume":"310","author":"Bardach NS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bardach NS, Wang JJ, De Leon SF, Shih SC, Boscardin WJ, Goldman LE, Dudley RA. Effect of pay-for-performance incentives on quality of care in small practices with electronic health records: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2013, 310:1051-1059. 10.1001\/jama.2013.277353","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.276303","article-title":"Effects of individual physician-level and practice-level financial incentives on hypertension care: a randomized trial","volume":"310","author":"Petersen LA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Petersen LA, Simpson K, Pietz K, et al.. Effects of individual physician-level and practice-level financial incentives on hypertension care: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2013, 310:1042-1050. 10.1001\/jama.2013.276303","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2016.1455","article-title":"Small cash incentives can encourage primary care visits by low-income people with new health care coverage","volume":"36","author":"Bradley CJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bradley CJ, Neumark D. Small cash incentives can encourage primary care visits by low-income people with new health care coverage. Health Aff (Millwood). 2017, 36:1376-1384. 10.1377\/hlthaff.2016.1455","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.7950","article-title":"Effect of financial bonus size, loss aversion, and increased social pressure on physician pay-for-performance: a randomized clinical trial and cohort study","volume":"2","author":"Navathe AS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Navathe AS, Volpp KG, Caldarella KL, et al.. Effect of financial bonus size, loss aversion, and increased social pressure on physician pay-for-performance: a randomized clinical trial and cohort study. JAMA Netw Open. 2019, 2:e187950. 10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.7950","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09683-5","article-title":"The effects of financial incentives on diabetes prevention program attendance and weight loss among low-income patients: the We Can Prevent Diabetes cluster-randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Desai JR","year":"2020","unstructured":"Desai JR, Vazquez-Benitez G, Taylor G, et al.. The effects of financial incentives on diabetes prevention program attendance and weight loss among low-income patients: the We Can Prevent Diabetes cluster-randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2020, 20:1587. 10.1186\/s12889-020-09683-5","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2019-010260","article-title":"Cautionary study on the effects of pay for performance on quality of care: a pilot randomised controlled trial using standardised patients","volume":"29","author":"Green E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Green E, Peterson KS, Markiewicz K, O'Brien J, Arring NM. Cautionary study on the effects of pay for performance on quality of care: a pilot randomised controlled trial using standardised patients. BMJ Qual Saf. 2020, 29:664-671. 10.1136\/bmjqs-2019-010260","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Saf"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02092-4","article-title":"Decentralized facility financing versus performance-based payments in primary health care: a large-scale randomized controlled trial in Nigeria","volume":"19","author":"Khanna M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khanna M, Loevinsohn B, Pradhan E, et al.. Decentralized facility financing versus performance-based payments in primary health care: a large-scale randomized controlled trial in Nigeria. BMC Med. 2021, 19:224. 10.1186\/s12916-021-02092-4","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.664510","article-title":"Long-term effects of financial incentives for general practitioners on quality indicators in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus in primary care \u2014 a follow-up analysis of a cluster randomized parallel controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Meier R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meier R, Chmiel C, Valeri F, Muheim L, Senn O, Rosemann T. Long-term effects of financial incentives for general practitioners on quality indicators in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus in primary care \u2014 a follow-up analysis of a cluster randomized parallel controlled trial. Front Med. 2021, 8:664510. 10.3389\/fmed.2021.664510","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-054970","article-title":"Clinic-based financial coaching and missed pediatric preventive care: a randomized trial","volume":"151","author":"Schickedanz A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schickedanz A, Perales L, Holguin M, et al.. Clinic-based financial coaching and missed pediatric preventive care: a randomized trial. Pediatrics. 2023, 151:e2021054970. 10.1542\/peds.2021-054970","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1810123","article-title":"Ranking and clustering G20 healthcare systems: a framework for U.S. reform","volume":"14","author":"Powzun-Palczuk E","year":"2026","unstructured":"Powzun-Palczuk E, Walkowiak D. Ranking and clustering G20 healthcare systems: a framework for U.S. reform. Front Public Health. 2026, 14:1810123. 10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1810123","journal-title":"Front Public Health"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/523233-from-volume-to-value-a-systematic-review-of-payment-and-financial-incentive-models-for-preventive-care-delivery-in-primary-health-care","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T10:47:48Z","timestamp":1787309268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/523233-from-volume-to-value-a-systematic-review-of-payment-and-financial-incentive-models-for-preventive-care-delivery-in-primary-health-care"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"references-count":24,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.114915","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]}}}