{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:23:28Z","timestamp":1787315008564,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.114917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:31:20Z","timestamp":1787311880000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exceptional Finding of Double Pannus in Aortic and Mitral Mechanical Prosthetic Valves Using Noninvasive Imaging: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Meriem","family":"Boumaaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal","family":"Hsain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaimaa","family":"Abou Eddahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Younes","family":"Moutakiallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zouhair","family":"Lakhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iliyasse","family":"Asfalou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aatif","family":"Benyass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10047-006-0334-3","article-title":"Prevalence of pannus formation after aortic valve replacement: clinical aspects and surgical management","volume":"9","author":"Sakamoto Y","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sakamoto Y, Hashimoto K, Okuyama H, Ishii S, Shingo T, Kagawa H. Prevalence of pannus formation after aortic valve replacement: clinical aspects and surgical management. J Artif Organs. 2006, 9:199-202. 10.1007\/s10047-006-0334-3","journal-title":"J Artif Organs"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2009.11.009","article-title":"Echo\/Doppler evaluation of hemodynamics after aortic valve replacement: principles of interrogation and evaluation of high gradients","volume":"3","author":"Bach DS","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bach DS. Echo\/Doppler evaluation of hemodynamics after aortic valve replacement: principles of interrogation and evaluation of high gradients. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010, 3:296-304. 10.1016\/j.jcmg.2009.11.009","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2011.71","article-title":"Diagnostic evaluation of left-sided prosthetic heart valve dysfunction","volume":"8","author":"Habets J","year":"2011","unstructured":"Habets J, Budde RP, Symersky P, et al.. Diagnostic evaluation of left-sided prosthetic heart valve dysfunction. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2011, 8:466-78. 10.1038\/nrcardio.2011.71","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.04.14","article-title":"Use of multidetector-row computed tomography scan to detect pannus formation in prosthetic mechanical aortic valves","volume":"9","author":"Aladmawi MA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aladmawi MA, Pragliola C, Vriz O, Galzerano D. Use of multidetector-row computed tomography scan to detect pannus formation in prosthetic mechanical aortic valves. J Thorac Dis. 2017, 9:S343-8. 10.21037\/jtd.2017.04.14","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-009917","article-title":"Successful thrombolytic treatment of prosthetic mitral valve thrombosis","volume":"2013","author":"Gazi E","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gazi E, Altun B, Temiz A, Colkesen Y. Successful thrombolytic treatment of prosthetic mitral valve thrombosis. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013:bcr2013009917. 10.1136\/bcr-2013-009917","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10047-003-0226-8","article-title":"Pannus formation in aortic valve prostheses in the late postoperative period","volume":"6","author":"Kuniyoshi Y","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kuniyoshi Y, Koja K, Miyagi K, et al.. Pannus formation in aortic valve prostheses in the late postoperative period. J Artif Organs. 2003, 6:179-82. 10.1007\/s10047-003-0226-8","journal-title":"J Artif Organs"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Perivalvular pannus in prosthetic mitral valves: evaluation with cardiac CT","volume":"16","author":"Chang SA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chang SA, Lee SC, Kim EY, et al.. Perivalvular pannus in prosthetic mitral valves: evaluation with cardiac CT. Korean J Radiol. 2015, 16:1397-405.","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jet127","article-title":"Differentiation of thrombus from pannus as the cause of acquired mechanical prosthetic heart valve obstruction by non-invasive imaging: a review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Tanis W","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tanis W, Habets J, van den Brink RB, Symersky P, Budde RP, Chamuleau SA. Differentiation of thrombus from pannus as the cause of acquired mechanical prosthetic heart valve obstruction by non-invasive imaging: a review of the literature. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014, 15:119-29. 10.1093\/ehjci\/jet127","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2015.09.004","article-title":"Subvalvular pannus and thrombosis in a mitral valve prosthesis","volume":"10","author":"Kim GH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim GH, Yang DH, Kang JW, Kim DH, Jung SH, Lim TH. Subvalvular pannus and thrombosis in a mitral valve prosthesis. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2016, 10:191-2. 10.1016\/j.jcct.2015.09.004","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15386\/cjmed-510","article-title":"Pannus-related prosthetic valve dysfunction. Case report","volume":"89","author":"Moldovan MS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moldovan MS, Bedeleanu D, Kovacs E, Cium\u0103rnean L, Molnar A. Pannus-related prosthetic valve dysfunction. Case report. Clujul Med. 2016, 89:169-75. 10.15386\/cjmed-510","journal-title":"Clujul Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew025","article-title":"Recommendations for the imaging assessment of prosthetic heart valves: a report from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging endorsed by the Chinese Society of Echocardiography, the Inter-American Society of Echocardiography, and the Brazilian Department of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"17","author":"Lancellotti P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lancellotti P, Pibarot P, Chambers J, et al.. Recommendations for the imaging assessment of prosthetic heart valves: a report from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging endorsed by the Chinese Society of Echocardiography, the Inter-American Society of Echocardiography, and the Brazilian Department of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016, 17:589-90. 10.1093\/ehjci\/jew025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00385-4","article-title":"Differentiating thrombus from pannus formation in obstructed mechanical prosthetic valves: an evaluation of clinical, transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographic parameters","volume":"32","author":"Barbetseas J","year":"1998","unstructured":"Barbetseas J, Nagueh SF, Pitsavos C, Toutouzas PK, Qui\u00f1ones MA, Zoghbi WA. Differentiating thrombus from pannus formation in obstructed mechanical prosthetic valves: an evaluation of clinical, transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographic parameters. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998, 32:1410-7. 10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00385-4","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-008-1232-2","article-title":"Correctness of multi-detector-row computed tomography for diagnosing mechanical prosthetic heart valve disorders using operative findings as a gold standard","volume":"19","author":"Tsai IC","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tsai IC, Lin YK, Chang Y, et al.. Correctness of multi-detector-row computed tomography for diagnosing mechanical prosthetic heart valve disorders using operative findings as a gold standard. Eur Radiol. 2009, 19:857-67. 10.1007\/s00330-008-1232-2","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.09.169","article-title":"The clinical significance of perivalvular pannus in prosthetic mitral valves: Can cardiac CT be helpful?","volume":"249","author":"Chang S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chang S, Suh YJ, Han K, Kim JY, Kim YJ, Chang BC, Choi BW. The clinical significance of perivalvular pannus in prosthetic mitral valves: Can cardiac CT be helpful?. Int J Cardiol. 2017, 249:344-8. 10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.09.169","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.115.003246","article-title":"Sixty-four-section cardiac computed tomography in mechanical prosthetic heart valve dysfunction: thrombus or pannus","volume":"8","author":"G\u00fcnd\u00fcz S","year":"2015","unstructured":"G\u00fcnd\u00fcz S, \u00d6zkan M, Kal\u00e7ik M, et al.. Sixty-four-section cardiac computed tomography in mechanical prosthetic heart valve dysfunction: thrombus or pannus. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015, 8:e003246. 10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.115.003246","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.23945","article-title":"A challenging case of mechanical mitral valve obstruction","volume":"14","author":"Shrestha B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shrestha B, Poudel B, Mene-Afejuku T. A challenging case of mechanical mitral valve obstruction. Cureus. 2022, 14:e23945. 10.7759\/cureus.23945","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-018-1217-3","article-title":"Impact of pannus formation on hemodynamic dysfunction of prosthetic aortic valve: pannus extent and its relationship to prosthetic valve motion and degree of stenosis","volume":"107","author":"Koo HJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koo HJ, Ha H, Kang JW, et al.. Impact of pannus formation on hemodynamic dysfunction of prosthetic aortic valve: pannus extent and its relationship to prosthetic valve motion and degree of stenosis. Clin Res Cardiol. 2018, 107:554-64. 10.1007\/s00392-018-1217-3","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-17-0463","article-title":"Clinical implication of transaortic mitral pannus removal during repeat cardiac surgery for patients with mechanical mitral valve","volume":"82","author":"Park B","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park B, Sung K, Park PW. Clinical implication of transaortic mitral pannus removal during repeat cardiac surgery for patients with mechanical mitral valve. Circ J. 2018, 82:396-402. 10.1253\/circj.CJ-17-0463","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Fibrous pannus causing prosthetic valve dysfunction: diagnosis and management","volume":"40","author":"Strecker T","year":"2015","unstructured":"Strecker T, R\u00f6sch J, Weyand M, Agaimy A. Fibrous pannus causing prosthetic valve dysfunction: diagnosis and management. Herz. 2015, 40:262-7.","journal-title":"Herz"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/504279-exceptional-finding-of-double-pannus-in-aortic-and-mitral-mechanical-prosthetic-valves-using-noninvasive-imaging-a-case-report","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:31:22Z","timestamp":1787311882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/504279-exceptional-finding-of-double-pannus-in-aortic-and-mitral-mechanical-prosthetic-valves-using-noninvasive-imaging-a-case-report"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"references-count":19,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.114917","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]}}}