{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T00:21:14Z","timestamp":1787444474306,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.114994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T23:28:45Z","timestamp":1787441325000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dental Exposure and Oral-Flora-Associated Infective Endocarditis: A Transoesophageal Echocardiography-Based Study at a Teaching District General Hospital in the United Kingdom"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Abdelhalim","family":"Eltaib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bushra","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mueedudin","family":"Akram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Kazanji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho Yau Chloe","family":"Vun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Areej","family":"Hussien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surojit","family":"Bose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad193","article-title":"2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of endocarditis","volume":"44","author":"Delgado V","year":"2023","unstructured":"Delgado V, Ajmone MN, de Waha S, et al.. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of endocarditis. Eur Heart J. 2023, 44:3948-4042. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad193","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62007-9","article-title":"Incidence of infective endocarditis in England, 2000-13: a secular trend, interrupted time-series analysis","volume":"385","author":"Dayer MJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dayer MJ, Jones S, Prendergast B, Baddour LM, Lockhart PB, Thornhill MH. Incidence of infective endocarditis in England, 2000-13: a secular trend, interrupted time-series analysis. Lancet. 2015, 385:1219-1228. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62007-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Prophylaxis against infective endocarditis. antimicrobial prophylaxis against infective endocarditis in adults and children undergoing interventional procedures. (2008). Accessed: July 22, 2026: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg64."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.183095","article-title":"Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association: a guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group","volume":"116","author":"Wilson W","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wilson W, Taubert KA, Gewitz M, et al.. Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association: a guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation. 2007, 116:1736-1754. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.183095","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00067-7","article-title":"Infective endocarditis","volume":"387","author":"Cahill TJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cahill TJ, Prendergast BD. Infective endocarditis. Lancet. 2016, 387:882-893. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00067-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.59","article-title":"Infective endocarditis","volume":"2","author":"Holland TL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Holland TL, Baddour LM, Bayer AS, Hoen B, Miro JM, Fowler VG Jr. Infective endocarditis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016, 2:16059. 10.1038\/nrdp.2016.59","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.603","article-title":"Clinical presentation, etiology, and outcome of infective endocarditis in the 21st century: the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"169","author":"Murdoch DR","year":"2009","unstructured":"Murdoch DR, Corey GR, Hoen B, et al.. Clinical presentation, etiology, and outcome of infective endocarditis in the 21st century: the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study. Arch Intern Med. 2009, 169:463-473. 10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.603","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313753","article-title":"Proposed modifications to the Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis","volume":"30","author":"Li JS","year":"2000","unstructured":"Li JS, Sexton DJ, Mick N, et al.. Proposed modifications to the Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000, 30:633-638. 10.1086\/313753","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv319","article-title":"2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: The Task Force for the Management of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by: European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)","volume":"36","author":"Habib G","year":"2015","unstructured":"Habib G, Lancellotti P, Antunes MJ, et al.. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: The Task Force for the Management of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by: European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). Eur Heart J. 2015, 36:3075-3128. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv319","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199505113321907","article-title":"Pathogenesis of pneumococcal infection","volume":"332","author":"Tuomanen EI","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tuomanen EI, Austrian R, Masure HR. Pathogenesis of pneumococcal infection. N Engl J Med. 1995, 332:1280-1284. 10.1056\/NEJM199505113321907","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1403612","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus infections: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management","volume":"372","author":"Tong SC","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tong SC, Davis JS, Eichenberger E, Holland TL, Fowler VG Jr. Staphylococcus aureus infections: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management. N Engl J Med. 2015, 372:641-652. 10.1056\/NEJMra1403612","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.10.048","article-title":"Exercise pulmonary hypertension predicts clinical outcomes in patients with dyspnea on effort","volume":"75","author":"Ho JE","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ho JE, Zern EK, Lau ES, et al.. Exercise pulmonary hypertension predicts clinical outcomes in patients with dyspnea on effort. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020, 75:17-26. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.10.048","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.758524","article-title":"Bacteremia associated with toothbrushing and dental extraction","volume":"117","author":"Lockhart PB","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lockhart PB, Brennan MT, Sasser HC, Fox PC, Paster BJ, Bahrani-Mougeot FK. Bacteremia associated with toothbrushing and dental extraction. Circulation. 2008, 117:3118-3125. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.758524","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0046","article-title":"Poor oral hygiene as a risk factor for infective endocarditis-related bacteremia","volume":"140","author":"Lockhart PB","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lockhart PB, Brennan MT, Thornhill M, Michalowicz BS, Noll J, Bahrani-Mougeot FK, Sasser HC. Poor oral hygiene as a risk factor for infective endocarditis-related bacteremia. J Am Dent Assoc. 2009, 140:1238-1244. 10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0046","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d2392","article-title":"Impact of the NICE guideline recommending cessation of antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of infective endocarditis: before and after study","volume":"342","author":"Thornhill MH","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thornhill MH, Dayer MJ, Forde JM, Corey GR, Chu VH, Couper DJ, Lockhart PB. Impact of the NICE guideline recommending cessation of antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of infective endocarditis: before and after study. BMJ. 2011, 342:d2392. 10.1136\/bmj.d2392","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx655","article-title":"Quantifying infective endocarditis risk in patients with predisposing cardiac conditions","volume":"39","author":"Thornhill MH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thornhill MH, Jones S, Prendergast B, Baddour LM, Chambers JB, Lockhart PB, Dayer MJ. Quantifying infective endocarditis risk in patients with predisposing cardiac conditions. Eur Heart J. 2018, 39:586-595. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx655","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.12.1354","article-title":"Contemporary clinical profile and outcome of prosthetic valve endocarditis","volume":"297","author":"Wang A","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang A, Athan E, Pappas PA, et al.. Contemporary clinical profile and outcome of prosthetic valve endocarditis. JAMA. 2007, 297:1354-1361. 10.1001\/jama.297.12.1354","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192665","article-title":"Update on cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections and their management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"121","author":"Baddour LM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baddour LM, Epstein AE, Erickson CC, et al.. Update on cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections and their management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2010, 121:458-477. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192665","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.12.008","article-title":"Infective endocarditis: a contemporary review","volume":"95","author":"Hubers SA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hubers SA, DeSimone DC, Gersh BJ, Anavekar NS. Infective endocarditis: a contemporary review. Mayo Clin Proc. 2020, 95:982-997. 10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.12.008","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.10.065","article-title":"Systematic search for present and potential portals of entry for infective endocarditis","volume":"67","author":"Delahaye F","year":"2016","unstructured":"Delahaye F, M'Hammedi A, Guerpillon B, et al.. Systematic search for present and potential portals of entry for infective endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016, 67:151-158. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.10.065","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.066","article-title":"Challenges in infective endocarditis","volume":"69","author":"Cahill TJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cahill TJ, Baddour LM, Habib G, et al.. Challenges in infective endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017, 69:325-344. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.066","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/505239-dental-exposure-and-oral-flora-associated-infective-endocarditis-a-transoesophageal-echocardiography-based-study-at-a-teaching-district-general-hospital-in-the-united-kingdom","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T23:28:47Z","timestamp":1787441327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/505239-dental-exposure-and-oral-flora-associated-infective-endocarditis-a-transoesophageal-echocardiography-based-study-at-a-teaching-district-general-hospital-in-the-united-kingdom"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"references-count":21,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.114994","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]}}}