{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:40:34Z","timestamp":1792269634119,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.115352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T15:23:41Z","timestamp":1787930621000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Refractory, Widespread Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type II: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Jared S","family":"Garland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"La Croix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoning","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul F","family":"Pasquina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193412471021","article-title":"Complex regional pain syndrome: a review","volume":"38","author":"Field J","year":"2013","unstructured":"Field J. Complex regional pain syndrome: a review. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2013, 38:616-26. 10.1177\/1753193412471021","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/tnsci-2020-0120","article-title":"The effect of rTMS in the management of pain associated with CRPS","volume":"11","author":"Chang MC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chang MC, Kwak SG, Park D. The effect of rTMS in the management of pain associated with CRPS. Transl Neurosci. 2020, 11:363-70. 10.1515\/tnsci-2020-0120","journal-title":"Transl Neurosci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00076-0","article-title":"Complex regional pain syndrome: advances in epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"23","author":"Ferraro MC","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ferraro MC, O'Connell NE, Sommer C, et al.. Complex regional pain syndrome: advances in epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Lancet Neurol. 2024, 23:522-33. 10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00076-0","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-011-0601-1","article-title":"Spreading of complex regional pain syndrome: not a random process","volume":"118","author":"van Rijn MA","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Rijn MA, Marinus J, Putter H, Bosselaar SR, Moseley GL, van Hilten JJ. Spreading of complex regional pain syndrome: not a random process. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2011, 118:1301-9. 10.1007\/s00702-011-0601-1","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.11.010","article-title":"A visual and narrative timeline of US FDA milestones for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) devices","volume":"15","author":"Cohen SL","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cohen SL, Bikson M, Badran BW, George MS. A visual and narrative timeline of US FDA milestones for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) devices. Brain Stimul. 2022, 15:73-5. 10.1016\/j.brs.2021.11.010","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13094","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation for pain, headache, and comorbid depression: INS-NANS expert consensus panel review and recommendation","volume":"23","author":"Leung A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leung A, Shirvalkar P, Chen R, et al.. Transcranial magnetic stimulation for pain, headache, and comorbid depression: INS-NANS expert consensus panel review and recommendation. Neuromodulation. 2020, 23:267-90. 10.1111\/ner.13094","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12760","article-title":"Advancing transcranial magnetic stimulation methods for complex regional pain syndrome: an open-label study of paired theta burst and high-frequency stimulation","volume":"21","author":"Gaertner M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gaertner M, Kong JT, Scherrer KH, Foote A, Mackey S, Johnson KA. Advancing transcranial magnetic stimulation methods for complex regional pain syndrome: an open-label study of paired theta burst and high-frequency stimulation. Neuromodulation. 2018, 21:409-16. 10.1111\/ner.12760","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00018","article-title":"Potential mechanisms supporting the value of motor cortex stimulation to treat chronic pain syndromes","volume":"10","author":"DosSantos MF","year":"2016","unstructured":"DosSantos MF, Ferreira N, Toback RL, Carvalho AC, DaSilva AF. Potential mechanisms supporting the value of motor cortex stimulation to treat chronic pain syndromes. Front Neurosci. 2016, 10:18. 10.3389\/fnins.2016.00018","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1172293","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation regulates neuroinflammation in neuropathic pain","volume":"14","author":"Bai YW","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bai YW, Yang QH, Chen PJ, Wang XQ. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation regulates neuroinflammation in neuropathic pain. Front Immunol. 2023, 14:1172293. 10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1172293","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.02.006","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is efficacious as an add-on to pharmacological therapy in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I","volume":"11","author":"Picarelli H","year":"2010","unstructured":"Picarelli H, Teixeira MJ, de Andrade DC, et al.. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is efficacious as an add-on to pharmacological therapy in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I. J Pain. 2010, 11:1203-10. 10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.02.006","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw105","article-title":"Psychometric testing of the Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS): a new pain scale for military population","volume":"17","author":"Polomano RC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Polomano RC, Galloway KT, Kent ML, et al.. Psychometric testing of the Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS): a new pain scale for military population. Pain Med. 2016, 17:1505-19. 10.1093\/pm\/pnw105","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-1-37","article-title":"The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's healthy days measures - population tracking of perceived physical and mental health over time","volume":"1","author":"Moriarty DG","year":"2003","unstructured":"Moriarty DG, Zack MM, Kobau R. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's healthy days measures - population tracking of perceived physical and mental health over time. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003, 1:37. 10.1186\/1477-7525-1-37","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.10.014","article-title":"Safety of rTMS to non-motor cortical areas in healthy participants and patients","volume":"117","author":"Machii K","year":"2006","unstructured":"Machii K, Cohen D, Ramos-Estebanez C, Pascual-Leone A. Safety of rTMS to non-motor cortical areas in healthy participants and patients. Clin Neurophysiol. 2006, 117:455-71. 10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.10.014","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.08.016","article-title":"Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research","volume":"120","author":"Rossi S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rossi S, Hallett M, Rossini PM, Pascual-Leone A. Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research. Clin Neurophysiol. 2009, 120:2008-39. 10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.08.016","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.11.002","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): an update (2014-2018)","volume":"131","author":"Lefaucheur JP","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lefaucheur JP, Aleman A, Baeken C, et al.. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): an update (2014-2018). Clin Neurophysiol. 2020, 131:474-528. 10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.11.002","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2007.09.005","article-title":"Interpreting the clinical importance of treatment outcomes in chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations","volume":"9","author":"Dworkin RH","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dworkin RH, Turk DC, Wyrwich KW, et al.. Interpreting the clinical importance of treatment outcomes in chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations. J Pain. 2008, 9:105-21. 10.1016\/j.jpain.2007.09.005","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00256-5","article-title":"Are opioids effective in relieving neuropathic pain?","volume":"80","author":"Dellemijn P","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dellemijn P. Are opioids effective in relieving neuropathic pain?. Pain. 1999, 80:453-62. 10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00256-5","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000154906.87708.C9","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"84","author":"Harden RN","year":"2005","unstructured":"Harden RN. Pharmacotherapy of complex regional pain syndrome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2005, 84:S17-28. 10.1097\/01.PHM.0000154906.87708.C9","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Bisphosphonates in complex regional pain syndrome type I: how do they work?","volume":"32","author":"Varenna M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Varenna M, Adami S, Sinigaglia L. Bisphosphonates in complex regional pain syndrome type I: how do they work?. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2014, 32:451-4.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2005.12.009","article-title":"Mode of action of spinal cord stimulation in neuropathic pain","volume":"31","author":"Meyerson BA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Meyerson BA, Linderoth B. Mode of action of spinal cord stimulation in neuropathic pain. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2006, 31:S6-12. 10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2005.12.009","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182181e60","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation is effective in management of complex regional pain syndrome I: fact or fiction","volume":"69","author":"Kumar K","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kumar K, Rizvi S, Bnurs SB. Spinal cord stimulation is effective in management of complex regional pain syndrome I: fact or fiction. Neurosurgery. 2011, 69:566-78. 10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182181e60","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105571","article-title":"Amputation for complex regional pain syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Gilanyi YL","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gilanyi YL, Ferraro MC, Goebel A, et al.. Amputation for complex regional pain syndrome: a systematic review. J Pain. 2025, 37:105571. 10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105571","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1039856217748249","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) safety: a practical guide for psychiatrists","volume":"26","author":"Taylor R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taylor R, Galvez V, Loo C. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) safety: a practical guide for psychiatrists. Australas Psychiatry. 2018, 26:189-92. 10.1177\/1039856217748249","journal-title":"Australas Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-020-1021-0","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation as treatment in multiple neurologic conditions","volume":"20","author":"Iglesias AH","year":"2020","unstructured":"Iglesias AH. Transcranial magnetic stimulation as treatment in multiple neurologic conditions. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2020, 20:1. 10.1007\/s11910-020-1021-0","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.03.016","article-title":"Seizures from transcranial magnetic stimulation 2012-2016: results of a survey of active laboratories and clinics","volume":"130","author":"Lerner AJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lerner AJ, Wassermann EM, Tamir DI. Seizures from transcranial magnetic stimulation 2012-2016: results of a survey of active laboratories and clinics. Clin Neurophysiol. 2019, 130:1409-16. 10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.03.016","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/517587-repetitive-transcranial-magnetic-stimulation-for-refractory-widespread-complex-regional-pain-syndrome-type-ii-a-case-report","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T15:23:42Z","timestamp":1787930622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/517587-repetitive-transcranial-magnetic-stimulation-for-refractory-widespread-complex-regional-pain-syndrome-type-ii-a-case-report"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.115352","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]}}}