{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:40:24Z","timestamp":1792269624181,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.115362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T18:20:48Z","timestamp":1787941248000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sodium Valproate-Induced Encephalopathy: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Sooraj","family":"Viswanathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syeda Ambreen","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parisa","family":"Moshfeqa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norhan","family":"Shaykhon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nimrata","family":"Lohana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chander","family":"Bhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5214\/ans.0972.7531.210210","article-title":"Non-hyperammonemic valproate encephalopathy","volume":"21","author":"Farooq O","year":"2014","unstructured":"Farooq O, Zunga PM, Dar MI, et al.. Non-hyperammonemic valproate encephalopathy. Ann Neurosci. 2014, 21:76-9. 10.5214\/ans.0972.7531.210210","journal-title":"Ann Neurosci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.20380","article-title":"A case of valproic-acid induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy","volume":"13","author":"Iqbal K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iqbal K, Kummamuru H, Dasari N, Koritala T, Jain NK, Deepika K, Adhikari R. A case of valproic-acid induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy. Cureus. 2021, 13:e20380. 10.7759\/cureus.20380","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.33559","article-title":"Valproate-induced encephalopathy presenting at therapeutic blood concentrations: a case report and literature review","volume":"15","author":"Pavar G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pavar G, Xu N, Sawar K, Trivedi V, Levine DL. Valproate-induced encephalopathy presenting at therapeutic blood concentrations: a case report and literature review. Cureus. 2023, 15:e33559. 10.7759\/cureus.33559","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55519\/JAMC-04-S4-10190","article-title":"Valproate induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy","volume":"34(Suppl 1)","author":"Qayyum W","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qayyum W, Yousafzai ZA, Iqbal MS, Khan S, Amin QK, Shafiqs I. Valproate induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2022, 34(Suppl 1):S1038-9. 10.55519\/JAMC-04-S4-10190","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.47288","article-title":"Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy causing new-onset seizures","volume":"15","author":"Sammar A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sammar A, Tawfik M, Fatima F, Butler A, Aylor-Lee K. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy causing new-onset seizures. Cureus. 2023, 15:e47288. 10.7759\/cureus.47288","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-020-2343-x","article-title":"Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy: a case report","volume":"14","author":"Shah S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shah S, Wang R, Vieux U. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2020, 14:19. 10.1186\/s13256-020-2343-x","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000043228","article-title":"Valproate induces non-hyperammonemic encephalopathy below a standard serum concentration range: a case report","volume":"104","author":"Uemura T","year":"2025","unstructured":"Uemura T, Suzuki N, Souma J, et al.. Valproate induces non-hyperammonemic encephalopathy below a standard serum concentration range: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2025, 104:e43228. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000043228","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050313X241260152","article-title":"Valproate encephalopathy: case series and literature review","volume":"12","author":"Pan C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pan C, Zhao Z, Liu Z, et al.. Valproate encephalopathy: case series and literature review. SAGE Open Med Case Rep. 2024, 12:2050313X241260152. 10.1177\/2050313X241260152","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med Case Rep"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.16233","article-title":"L-carnitine for valproic acid-induced toxicity","volume":"91","author":"Gziut T","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gziut T, Thanacoody R. L-carnitine for valproic acid-induced toxicity. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2025, 91:636-47. 10.1111\/bcp.16233","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebcr.2017.04.002","article-title":"Non-hyperammonaemic valproate encephalopathy after 20\u00a0years of treatment","volume":"8","author":"Caruana Galizia E","year":"2017","unstructured":"Caruana Galizia E, Isaacs JD, Cock HR. Non-hyperammonaemic valproate encephalopathy after 20\u00a0years of treatment. Epilepsy Behav Case Rep. 2017, 8:9-11. 10.1016\/j.ebcr.2017.04.002","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav Case Rep"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56010020","article-title":"Evaluation of cardiac repolarization indices in epilepsy patients treated with carbamazepine and valproic acid","volume":"56","author":"Aso\u011flu R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aso\u011flu R, \u00d6zdemir M, Alada\u011f N, Aso\u011flu E. Evaluation of cardiac repolarization indices in epilepsy patients treated with carbamazepine and valproic acid. Medicina (Kaunas). 2020, 56:10.3390\/medicina56010020","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0b013e32832c7b18","article-title":"Severe valproic acid intoxication: case study on the unbound fraction and the applicability of extracorporeal elimination","volume":"16","author":"van den Broek MP","year":"2009","unstructured":"van den Broek MP, Sikma MA, Ververs TF, Meulenbelt J. Severe valproic acid intoxication: case study on the unbound fraction and the applicability of extracorporeal elimination. Eur J Emerg Med. 2009, 16:330-2. 10.1097\/MEJ.0b013e32832c7b18","journal-title":"Eur J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Valproic acid: does it have an antiarrhythmic action?","volume":"38","author":"Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin; Ali Mahmood","year":"2013","unstructured":"Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin; Ali Mahmood. Valproic acid: does it have an antiarrhythmic action?. Cukurova Med J. 2013, 38:592-600.","journal-title":"Cukurova Med J"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.65390","article-title":"Sodium valproate-induced hyperammonemia: a case series in a tertiary care hospital","volume":"16","author":"Abhilasha P","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abhilasha P, Bhatti N, Joseph G, Badyal DK. Sodium valproate-induced hyperammonemia: a case series in a tertiary care hospital. Cureus. 2024, 16:e65390. 10.7759\/cureus.65390","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale - Evidencio. (2026). Accessed. August 26, 2026: https:\/\/www.evidencio.com\/models\/show\/661."}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/491560-sodium-valproate-induced-encephalopathy-a-case-report","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T18:20:49Z","timestamp":1787941249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/491560-sodium-valproate-induced-encephalopathy-a-case-report"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"references-count":15,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.115362","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]}}}