{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T14:19:47Z","timestamp":1788013187973,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.115397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T14:06:26Z","timestamp":1788012386000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Knowledge and Awareness of Myocardial Infarction Symptoms and Appropriate Emergency Response Among the General Adult Population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Yasser B","family":"Shahid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah M","family":"Al Garni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majed A","family":"Jawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad M","family":"Al Jifri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz M","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anas K","family":"Halawani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990-2019: update from the GBD 2019 study","volume":"76","author":"Roth GA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, et al.. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990-2019: update from the GBD 2019 study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020, 76:2982-3021. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Fact sheet. (2025). Accessed. August 28, 2026: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.08.1038","article-title":"Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018)","volume":"72","author":"Thygesen K","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Chaitman BR, Bax JJ, Morrow DA, White HD. Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018, 72:2231-64. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.08.1038","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2011.05.001","article-title":"Sex differences in symptom presentation in acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Coventry LL","year":"2011","unstructured":"Coventry LL, Finn J, Bremner AP. Sex differences in symptom presentation in acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Lung. 2011, 40:477-91. 10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2011.05.001","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.014733","article-title":"Sex differences in symptom presentation in acute coronary syndromes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"van Oosterhout RE","year":"2020","unstructured":"van Oosterhout RE, de Boer AR, Maas AH, Rutten FH, Bots ML, Peters SA. Sex differences in symptom presentation in acute coronary syndromes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020, 9:e014733. 10.1161\/JAHA.119.014733","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.22.2405","article-title":"Symptom presentation of women with acute coronary syndromes: myth vs reality","volume":"167","author":"Canto JG","year":"2007","unstructured":"Canto JG, Goldberg RJ, Hand MM, Bonow RO, Sopko G, Pepine CJ, Long T. Symptom presentation of women with acute coronary syndromes: myth vs reality. Arch Intern Med. 2007, 167:2405-13. 10.1001\/archinte.167.22.2405","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012307","article-title":"Presenting symptoms in men and women diagnosed with myocardial infarction using sex-specific criteria","volume":"8","author":"Ferry AV","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferry AV, Anand A, Strachan FE, et al.. Presenting symptoms in men and women diagnosed with myocardial infarction using sex-specific criteria. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019, 8:e012307. 10.1161\/JAHA.119.012307","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.50092","article-title":"Awareness of myocardial infarction symptoms and risk factors in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Alsaab SM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alsaab SM, Almutairi AM, Alsaadi GK, Altokhais ZA, Alabdulqader SH, Alnofal WY, Alduhaim NM. Awareness of myocardial infarction symptoms and risk factors in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Cureus. 2023, 15:e50092. 10.7759\/cureus.50092","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09298-w","article-title":"Demographic, behavioral, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Saudi population: results from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study (PURE-Saudi)","volume":"20","author":"Alhabib KF","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alhabib KF, Batais MA, Almigbal TH, Alshamiri MQ, Altaradi H, Rangarajan S, Yusuf S. Demographic, behavioral, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Saudi population: results from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study (PURE-Saudi). BMC Public Health. 2020, 20:1213. 10.1186\/s12889-020-09298-w","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_449_21","article-title":"Public awareness of early symptoms of acute myocardial infarction among Saudi population","volume":"10","author":"Basham K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Basham K, Aldubaikhi A, Sulaiman I, et al.. Public awareness of early symptoms of acute myocardial infarction among Saudi population. J Family Med Prim Care. 2021, 10:3785-90. 10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_449_21","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24911\/IJMDC.51-1734357633","article-title":"Level of awareness of myocardial infarction symptoms and risk factors among adult patients in Saudi Arabia, 2024","volume":"8","author":"Elsherbiny MH","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elsherbiny MH, Alhussaini SS, Alhussaini OS, et al.. Level of awareness of myocardial infarction symptoms and risk factors among adult patients in Saudi Arabia, 2024. Int J Med Dev Ctries. 2024, 8:3590-7. 10.24911\/IJMDC.51-1734357633","journal-title":"Int J Med Dev Ctries"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.49300","article-title":"Assessing awareness and actions must be taken in acute myocardial infarction: a cross-sectional study on the general population in Alahssa, Saudi Arabia","volume":"15","author":"Almaqhawi A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Almaqhawi A, Alkhalaf A, Al Qadhib M, et al.. Assessing awareness and actions must be taken in acute myocardial infarction: a cross-sectional study on the general population in Alahssa, Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2023, 15:e49300. 10.7759\/cureus.49300","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.35309","article-title":"Comparing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and non-GERD patients based on knowledge level of acute myocardial infarction symptoms, risk factors and immediate action taken in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia","volume":"15","author":"Bohamad AH","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bohamad AH, Buali HH, Aljasem JM, Alhussain AH, Alamer MA, Elsheikh E. Comparing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and non-GERD patients based on knowledge level of acute myocardial infarction symptoms, risk factors and immediate action taken in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2023, 15:e35309. 10.7759\/cureus.35309","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.32758","article-title":"Knowledge and attitude of general people towards symptoms of heart attack and the impact of delay time in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","volume":"14","author":"Al Harbi KM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al Harbi KM, Alluhidan WA, Almatroudi MI, et al.. Knowledge and attitude of general people towards symptoms of heart attack and the impact of delay time in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2022, 14:32758. 10.7759\/cureus.32758","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S184732","article-title":"Population awareness of coronary artery disease risk factors in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Almalki MA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Almalki MA, AlJishi MN, Khayat MA, Bokhari HF, Subki AH, Alzahrani AM, Alhejily WA. Population awareness of coronary artery disease risk factors in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Int J Gen Med. 2019, 12:63-70. 10.2147\/IJGM.S184732","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/16195","article-title":"Public awareness of sepsis compared to acute myocardial infarction and stroke in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: questionnaire study","volume":"9","author":"Al-Orainan N","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Orainan N, El-Shabasy AM, Al-Shanqiti KA, Al-Harbi RA, Alnashri HR, Rezqallah RA, Mirghani AA. Public awareness of sepsis compared to acute myocardial infarction and stroke in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: questionnaire study. Interact J Med Res. 2020, 9:e16195. 10.2196\/16195","journal-title":"Interact J Med Res"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24911\/IJMDC.51-1563109418","article-title":"General public awareness about symptoms and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia","volume":"3","author":"Khalifa A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khalifa A, Alotaibi AM, Albahlal A, et al.. General public awareness about symptoms and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. Int J Med Dev Ctries. 2019, 3:1014-21. 10.24911\/IJMDC.51-1563109418","journal-title":"Int J Med Dev Ctries"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_934_20","article-title":"Awareness and prevalence of coronary artery disease risk factors among Saudi adults in Dawadmi, Riyadh province: a cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Alruways AF","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alruways AF, Alotaibi NA, Rashikh MA, Alnufeie AA, Alshammari YJ, Alharthy MR, Alanazi FJ. Awareness and prevalence of coronary artery disease risk factors among Saudi adults in Dawadmi, Riyadh province: a cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020, 9:5629-37. 10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_934_20","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399816666200527135512","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease among patients with diabetes: the current scenario in Saudi Arabia","volume":"17","author":"Robert AA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Robert AA, Al Dawish MA. Cardiovascular disease among patients with diabetes: the current scenario in Saudi Arabia. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2021, 17:180-5. 10.2174\/1573399816666200527135512","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rev"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.11791","article-title":"Lifestyle intervention for cardiovascular disease risk factors in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","volume":"12","author":"Khouja JH","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khouja JH, Al Jasir B, Bargawi AA, Kutbi M. Lifestyle intervention for cardiovascular disease risk factors in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2020, 12:e11791. 10.7759\/cureus.11791","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.64761","article-title":"Prevalence of myocardial infarction in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Shaqran TM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shaqran TM, Almutairi RS, Zurayyir EJ, et al.. Prevalence of myocardial infarction in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review. Cureus. 2024, 16:e64761. 10.7759\/cureus.64761","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1131","article-title":"Public knowledge of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in Kuwait: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"14","author":"Awad A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Awad A, Al-Nafisi H. Public knowledge of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in Kuwait: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health. 2014, 14:1131. 10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1131","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37616\/2212-5043.1336","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in Saudi Arabia: facts and the way forward","volume":"35","author":"Tash AA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tash AA, Al-Bawardy RF. Cardiovascular disease in Saudi Arabia: facts and the way forward. J Saudi Heart Assoc. 2023, 35:148-62. 10.37616\/2212-5043.1336","journal-title":"J Saudi Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216551","article-title":"The first survey of the Saudi Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry Program: main results and long-term outcomes (STARS-1 Program)","volume":"14","author":"Alhabib KF","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alhabib KF, Kinsara AJ, Alghamdi S, et al.. The first survey of the Saudi Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry Program: main results and long-term outcomes (STARS-1 Program). PLoS One. 2019, 14:e0216551. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0216551","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32008-2","article-title":"Modifiable risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 155\u2008722 individuals from 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Yusuf S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yusuf S, Joseph P, Rangarajan S, et al.. Modifiable risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 155\u2008722 individuals from 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020, 395:795-808. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32008-2","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177705148","article-title":"Snowball sampling","volume":"32","author":"Goodman LA","year":"1961","unstructured":"Goodman LA. Snowball sampling. Ann Math Stat. 1961, 32:148-70. 10.1214\/aoms\/1177705148","journal-title":"Ann Math Stat"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.176040","article-title":"Reducing delay in seeking treatment by patients with acute coronary syndrome and stroke: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Nursing and Stroke Council","volume":"114","author":"Moser DK","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moser DK, Kimble LP, Alberts MJ, et al.. Reducing delay in seeking treatment by patients with acute coronary syndrome and stroke: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Nursing and Stroke Council. Circulation. 2006, 114:168-82. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.176040","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.2367","article-title":"Factors associated with pre-hospital delay in patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"15","author":"Farshidi H","year":"2013","unstructured":"Farshidi H, Rahimi S, Abdi A, Salehi S, Madani A. Factors associated with pre-hospital delay in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2013, 15:312-6. 10.5812\/ircmj.2367","journal-title":"Iran Red Crescent Med J"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2005.03.064","article-title":"Trends in prehospital delay time and use of emergency medical services for acute myocardial infarction: experience in 4 US communities from 1987-2000","volume":"150","author":"McGinn AP","year":"2005","unstructured":"McGinn AP, Rosamond WD, Goff DC Jr, Taylor HA, Miles JS, Chambless L. Trends in prehospital delay time and use of emergency medical services for acute myocardial infarction: experience in 4 US communities from 1987-2000. Am Heart J. 2005, 150:392-400. 10.1016\/j.ahj.2005.03.064","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-2-201107190-00005","article-title":"Low health literacy and health outcomes: an updated systematic review","volume":"155","author":"Berkman ND","year":"2011","unstructured":"Berkman ND, Sheridan SL, Donahue KE, Halpern DJ, Crotty K. Low health literacy and health outcomes: an updated systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2011, 155:97-107. 10.7326\/0003-4819-155-2-201107190-00005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/527777-knowledge-and-awareness-of-myocardial-infarction-symptoms-and-appropriate-emergency-response-among-the-general-adult-population-in-jeddah-saudi-arabia-a-cross-sectional-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T14:06:27Z","timestamp":1788012387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/527777-knowledge-and-awareness-of-myocardial-infarction-symptoms-and-appropriate-emergency-response-among-the-general-adult-population-in-jeddah-saudi-arabia-a-cross-sectional-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.115397","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]}}}