{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T11:14:21Z","timestamp":1788088461974,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.115426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T10:52:27Z","timestamp":1788087147000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integration of Biomechanical Analysis and Motion Capture Technology in Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Chetana A","family":"Pawar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Shinde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Durga A","family":"Jagdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzz097","article-title":"Current low-cost video-based motion analysis options for clinical rehabilitation: a systematic review","volume":"99","author":"Parks MT","year":"2019","unstructured":"Parks MT, Wang Z, Siu KC. Current low-cost video-based motion analysis options for clinical rehabilitation: a systematic review. Phys Ther. 2019, 99:1405-25. 10.1093\/ptj\/pzz097","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-023-01186-9","article-title":"A systematic review of the applications of markerless motion capture (MMC) technology for clinical measurement in rehabilitation","volume":"20","author":"Lam WW","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lam WW, Tang YM, Fong KN. A systematic review of the applications of markerless motion capture (MMC) technology for clinical measurement in rehabilitation. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2023, 20:57. 10.1186\/s12984-023-01186-9","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2020.103687","article-title":"A review of computational approaches for evaluation of rehabilitation exercises","volume":"119","author":"Liao Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liao Y, Vakanski A, Xian M, Paul D, Baker R. A review of computational approaches for evaluation of rehabilitation exercises. Comput Biol Med. 2020, 119:103687. 10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2020.103687","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2303.10654","article-title":"Markerless motion capture and biomechanical analysis pipeline. [Preprint]","author":"Cotton RJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cotton RJ, DeLillo A, Cimorelli A, et al.. Markerless motion capture and biomechanical analysis pipeline. [Preprint]. arXiv. 2023, 10.48550\/arXiv.2303.10654","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICORR58425.2023.10304683","article-title":"Optimizing trajectories and inverse kinematics for biomechanical analysis of markerless motion capture data","volume":"2023","author":"Cotton RJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cotton RJ, DeLillo A, Cimorelli A, et al.. Optimizing trajectories and inverse kinematics for biomechanical analysis of markerless motion capture data. IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot. 2023, 2023:1-6. 10.1109\/ICORR58425.2023.10304683","journal-title":"IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pediatric18040083","article-title":"Markerless motion capture for human movement estimation using artificial intelligence: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Dom\u00e8nech-Garcia G","year":"2026","unstructured":"Dom\u00e8nech-Garcia G, Marimon X, Carrasco-Urribarren A, Portela AE, Bagur-Calafat C. Markerless motion capture for human movement estimation using artificial intelligence: a systematic review. Pediatr Rep. 2026, 18:83. 10.3390\/pediatric18040083","journal-title":"Pediatr Rep"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/52582","article-title":"Markerless motion capture to quantify functional performance in neurodegeneration: systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Jeyasingh-Jacob J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jeyasingh-Jacob J, Crook-Rumsey M, Shah H, et al.. Markerless motion capture to quantify functional performance in neurodegeneration: systematic review. JMIR Aging. 2024, 7:e52582. 10.2196\/52582","journal-title":"JMIR Aging"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:n71. 10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins JP","year":"2011","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Altman DG, G\u00f8tzsche PC, et al.. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2011, 343:d5928. 10.1136\/bmj.d5928","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-016-0185-y","article-title":"Effects of a balance-based exergaming intervention using the Kinect sensor on posture stability in individuals with Parkinson's disease: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Shih MC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shih MC, Wang RY, Cheng SJ, Yang YR. Effects of a balance-based exergaming intervention using the Kinect sensor on posture stability in individuals with Parkinson's disease: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2016, 13:78. 10.1186\/s12984-016-0185-y","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-161325","article-title":"Effects of robot-assisted gait training on spatiotemporal gait parameters and balance in patients with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled pilot trial","volume":"38","author":"Bang DH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bang DH, Shin WS. Effects of robot-assisted gait training on spatiotemporal gait parameters and balance in patients with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled pilot trial. NeuroRehabilitation. 2016, 38:343-9. 10.3233\/NRE-161325","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215517720790","article-title":"The efficacy of interactive, motion capture-based rehabilitation on functional outcomes in an inpatient stroke population: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"32","author":"Cannell J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cannell J, Jovic E, Rathjen A, et al.. The efficacy of interactive, motion capture-based rehabilitation on functional outcomes in an inpatient stroke population: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2018, 32:191-200. 10.1177\/0269215517720790","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00162","article-title":"Effects of virtual reality-based physical and cognitive training on executive function and dual-task gait performance in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized control trial","volume":"11","author":"Liao YY","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liao YY, Chen IH, Lin YJ, Chen Y, Hsu WC. Effects of virtual reality-based physical and cognitive training on executive function and dual-task gait performance in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized control trial. Front Aging Neurosci. 2019, 11:162. 10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00162","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2019.03.012","article-title":"Leap motion controller-based training for upper extremity rehabilitation in children and adolescents with physical disabilities: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Tarakci E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tarakci E, Arman N, Tarakci D, Kasapcopur O. Leap motion controller-based training for upper extremity rehabilitation in children and adolescents with physical disabilities: a randomized controlled trial. J Hand Ther. 2020, 33:220-8.e1. 10.1016\/j.jht.2019.03.012","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/19116","article-title":"Effects of a 12-week multifaceted wearable-based program for people with knee osteoarthritis: randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Li LC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li LC, Feehan LM, Xie H, et al.. Effects of a 12-week multifaceted wearable-based program for people with knee osteoarthritis: randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020, 8:e19116. 10.2196\/19116","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-021-00922-3","article-title":"Kinect-based rapid movement training to improve balance recovery for stroke fall prevention: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Junata M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Junata M, Cheng KC, Man HS, Lai CW, Soo YO, Tong RK. Kinect-based rapid movement training to improve balance recovery for stroke fall prevention: a randomized controlled trial. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2021, 18:150. 10.1186\/s12984-021-00922-3","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9030242","article-title":"Additional effects of Xbox Kinect training on upper limb function in chronic stroke patients: a randomized control trial","volume":"9","author":"Ain QU","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ain QU, Khan S, Ilyas S, Yaseen A, Tariq I, Liu T, Wang J. Additional effects of Xbox Kinect training on upper limb function in chronic stroke patients: a randomized control trial. Healthcare (Basel). 2021, 9:242. 10.3390\/healthcare9030242","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2022.04.021","article-title":"Functional resistance training after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction improves knee angle and moment symmetry during gait: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"38","author":"Johnson AK","year":"2022","unstructured":"Johnson AK, Brown SR, Palmieri-Smith RM, Krishnan C. Functional resistance training after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction improves knee angle and moment symmetry during gait: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Arthroscopy. 2022, 38:3043-55. 10.1016\/j.arthro.2022.04.021","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmart.2023.09.002","article-title":"Comparison between the effect of immersive virtual reality training versus conventional rehabilitation on limb loading and functional outcomes in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"34","author":"Gsangaya MR","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gsangaya MR, Htwe O, Selvi Naicker A, Md Yusoff BA, Mohammad N, Soh EZ, Silvaraju M. Comparison between the effect of immersive virtual reality training versus conventional rehabilitation on limb loading and functional outcomes in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Asia Pac J Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Technol. 2023, 34:28-37. 10.1016\/j.asmart.2023.09.002","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Technol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12082845","article-title":"Comparing the effects of differential and visuo-motor training on functional performance, biomechanical, and psychological factors in athletes after ACL reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Gholami F","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gholami F, Letafatkar A, Moghadas Tabrizi Y, Gokeler A, Rossettini G, Ghanati HA, Sch\u00f6llhorn WI. Comparing the effects of differential and visuo-motor training on functional performance, biomechanical, and psychological factors in athletes after ACL reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Med. 2023, 12:2845. 10.3390\/jcm12082845","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1042167","article-title":"Mobile health-based home rehabilitation education improving early outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Guo Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo Y, Li D, Wu YB, Sun X, Sun XY, Yang YP. Mobile health-based home rehabilitation education improving early outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Front Public Health. 2022, 10:1042167. 10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1042167","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e28113","article-title":"Adolescents with hemophilic knee arthropathy can improve their gait characteristics, functional ability, and physical activity level through kinect-based virtual reality: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Azab AR","year":"2024","unstructured":"Azab AR, Elnaggar RK, Aloraini GS, et al.. Adolescents with hemophilic knee arthropathy can improve their gait characteristics, functional ability, and physical activity level through kinect-based virtual reality: a randomized clinical trial. Heliyon. 2024, 10:e28113. 10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e28113","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-57358-7","article-title":"Effects of Kinect-based virtual reality training on bone mineral density and fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteopenia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Riaz S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Riaz S, Shakil Ur Rehman S, Hafeez S, Hassan D. Effects of Kinect-based virtual reality training on bone mineral density and fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteopenia: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2024, 14:6650. 10.1038\/s41598-024-57358-7","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25489","article-title":"Movement pattern biofeedback training after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"77","author":"Bade MJ","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bade MJ, Christiansen CL, Zeni JA Jr, et al.. Movement pattern biofeedback training after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2025, 77:732-43. 10.1002\/acr.25489","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s25237113","article-title":"A sensor-augmented telerehabilitation system for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial of neuromuscular, functional, and psychosocial outcomes","volume":"25","author":"Plavoukou T","year":"2025","unstructured":"Plavoukou T, Kasnesis P, Contiero Syropoulou A, Papagiannis G, Stasinopoulos D, Georgoudis G. A sensor-augmented telerehabilitation system for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial of neuromuscular, functional, and psychosocial outcomes. Sensors (Basel). 2025, 25:7113. 10.3390\/s25237113","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2024.758","article-title":"Kinect-based mixed reality exercise program improves physical function and quality of life in breast cancer survivors: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"57","author":"Lim B","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lim B, Li X, Sung Y, Jamrasi P, Ahn S, Shin H, Song W. Kinect-based mixed reality exercise program improves physical function and quality of life in breast cancer survivors: a randomized clinical trial. Cancer Res Treat. 2025, 57:478-91. 10.4143\/crt.2024.758","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc.41.6.304","article-title":"Measuring balance in the elderly: preliminary development of an instrument","volume":"41","author":"Berg K","year":"1989","unstructured":"Berg K, Wood-Dauphine S, Williams JI, Gayton D. Measuring balance in the elderly: preliminary development of an instrument. Physiother Can. 1989, 41:304-11.","journal-title":"Physiother Can"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x","article-title":"The timed \"Up & Go\": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons","volume":"39","author":"Podsiadlo D","year":"1991","unstructured":"Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed \"Up & Go\": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991, 39:142-8. 10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Development and initial validation of the Upper Ectremity Functional Index","volume":"52","author":"Stratford PW","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stratford PW. Development and initial validation of the Upper Ectremity Functional Index. Physiother Can. 2001, 52:259-67.","journal-title":"Physiother Can"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Validation study of WOMAC: a health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee","volume":"15","author":"Bellamy N","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bellamy N, Buchanan WW, Goldsmith CH, Campbell J, Stitt LW. Validation study of WOMAC: a health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. J Rheumatol. 1988, 15:1833-40.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"The post-stroke hemiplegic patient. 1. A method for evaluation of physical performance","volume":"7","author":"Fugl-Meyer AR","year":"1975","unstructured":"Fugl-Meyer AR, J\u00e4\u00e4sk\u00f6 L, Leyman I, Olsson S, Steglind S. The post-stroke hemiplegic patient. 1. A method for evaluation of physical performance. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1975, 7:13-31.","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/516541-integration-of-biomechanical-analysis-and-motion-capture-technology-in-physical-therapy-and-rehabilitation-a-systematic-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T10:52:29Z","timestamp":1788087149000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/516541-integration-of-biomechanical-analysis-and-motion-capture-technology-in-physical-therapy-and-rehabilitation-a-systematic-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]]},"references-count":31,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.115426","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]]}}}