{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T17:13:56Z","timestamp":1788110036692,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.115447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T16:23:08Z","timestamp":1788106988000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Complications of Botulinum Toxin, Fillers, and Threads: A Narrative Review by the Special Interest Group (SIG) Aesthetics, Indian Association of Dermatologists, Venereologists and Leprologists (IADVL) Academy"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Rajat","family":"Kandhari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishad","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulhima","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nishita","family":"Ranka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13266","article-title":"Complications of botulinum toxin and fillers: a narrative review","volume":"19","author":"Kassir M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kassir M, Gupta M, Galadari H, et al.. Complications of botulinum toxin and fillers: a narrative review. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020, 19:570-3. 10.1111\/jocd.13266","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13446","article-title":"Complications of thread lift about skin dimpling and thread extrusion","volume":"33","author":"Wang CK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang CK. Complications of thread lift about skin dimpling and thread extrusion. Dermatol Ther. 2020, 33:e13446. 10.1111\/dth.13446","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.100675","article-title":"Management of complications following botulinum toxin facial injections: a narrative review","volume":"18","author":"Freixo S","year":"2026","unstructured":"Freixo S, Cam\u00f5es-Barbosa A. Management of complications following botulinum toxin facial injections: a narrative review. Cureus. 2026, 18:e100675. 10.7759\/cureus.100675","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_3656_20","article-title":"Outcomes of a regional variant of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasms: a retrospective study","volume":"69","author":"Maneksha V","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maneksha V, Chakrabarty S, Tanwar M, Pillai MR. Outcomes of a regional variant of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasms: a retrospective study. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021, 69:2777-81. 10.4103\/ijo.IJO_3656_20","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.70582","article-title":"Complications of dermal injectables-a retrospective study","volume":"25","author":"Nguyen L","year":"2026","unstructured":"Nguyen L, Schneider SW, Siemann-Harms U, Herberger K. Complications of dermal injectables-a retrospective study. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2026, 25:e70582. 10.1111\/jocd.70582","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2026.1769458","article-title":"A meta-analysis of complications of thread lifting","volume":"13","author":"Zhou X","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zhou X, Zhuang S. A meta-analysis of complications of thread lifting. Front Surg. 2026, 13:1769458. 10.3389\/fsurg.2026.1769458","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.04.007","article-title":"Adverse effects of the aesthetic use of botulinum toxin and dermal fillers on the face: a narrative review","volume":"100","author":"Di Santis \u00c9P","year":"2025","unstructured":"Di Santis \u00c9P, Hirata SH, Di Santis GM, Yarak S. Adverse effects of the aesthetic use of botulinum toxin and dermal fillers on the face: a narrative review. An Bras Dermatol. 2025, 100:87-103. 10.1016\/j.abd.2024.04.007","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41073-019-0064-8","article-title":"SANRA-a scale for the quality assessment of narrative review articles","volume":"4","author":"Baethge C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baethge C, Goldbeck-Wood S, Mertens S. SANRA-a scale for the quality assessment of narrative review articles. Res Integr Peer Rev. 2019, 4:5. 10.1186\/s41073-019-0064-8","journal-title":"Res Integr Peer Rev"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/der2.30","article-title":"Complications of neurotoxins used in cosmetic surgery","volume":"1","author":"Zito PM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zito PM, Glick BP. Complications of neurotoxins used in cosmetic surgery. Dermatol Rev. 2020, 1:58-62. 10.1002\/der2.30","journal-title":"Dermatol Rev"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S138274","article-title":"Tailored botulinum toxin type A injections in aesthetic medicine: consensus panel recommendations for treating the forehead based on individual facial anatomy and muscle tone","volume":"10","author":"Anido J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anido J, Arenas D, Arruabarrena C, et al.. Tailored botulinum toxin type A injections in aesthetic medicine: consensus panel recommendations for treating the forehead based on individual facial anatomy and muscle tone. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2017, 10:413-21. 10.2147\/CCID.S138274","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2003.12.026","article-title":"Contraindications and complications with the use of botulinum toxin","volume":"22","author":"Klein AW","year":"2004","unstructured":"Klein AW. Contraindications and complications with the use of botulinum toxin. Clin Dermatol. 2004, 22:66-75. 10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2003.12.026","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18030491","article-title":"Botulinum toxin effects and its association with vitamin and mineral supplementation: a narrative review","volume":"18","author":"Puizina E","year":"2026","unstructured":"Puizina E, Martinovic D, Lasic S, et al.. Botulinum toxin effects and its association with vitamin and mineral supplementation: a narrative review. Nutrients. 2026, 18:491. 10.3390\/nu18030491","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14361","article-title":"Botulinum toxin-induced blepharoptosis: anatomy, etiology, prevention, and therapeutic options","volume":"20","author":"Nestor MS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nestor MS, Han H, Gade A, Fischer D, Saban Y, Polselli R. Botulinum toxin-induced blepharoptosis: anatomy, etiology, prevention, and therapeutic options. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021, 20:3133-46. 10.1111\/jocd.14361","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2022.01.019","article-title":"Eyelid ptosis following botulinum toxin injection treated with briminodine 0.33% topical gel","volume":"22","author":"Alotaibi GF","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alotaibi GF, Alsukait SF, Alsalman HH, Turkmani MG. Eyelid ptosis following botulinum toxin injection treated with briminodine 0.33% topical gel. JAAD Case Rep. 2022, 22:96-8. 10.1016\/j.jdcr.2022.01.019","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/drp\/8827594","article-title":"Iatrogenic blepharoptosis: multimodal management and treatment technique with botulinum toxin type A","volume":"2025","author":"Jaime Alberto RP","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jaime Alberto RP, Paola Andrea MA, Maria Paulina UP, Luisa LB. Iatrogenic blepharoptosis: multimodal management and treatment technique with botulinum toxin type A. Dermatol Res Pract. 2025, 2025:8827594. 10.1155\/drp\/8827594","journal-title":"Dermatol Res Pract"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14133","article-title":"Respecting upper facial anatomy for treating the glabella with neuromodulators to avoid medial brow ptosis-a refined 3-point injection technique","volume":"20","author":"Cotofana S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cotofana S, Pedraza AP, Kaufman J, et al.. Respecting upper facial anatomy for treating the glabella with neuromodulators to avoid medial brow ptosis-a refined 3-point injection technique. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021, 20:1625-33. 10.1111\/jocd.14133","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000005650","article-title":"Optimized aesthetic outcomes when treating glabellar lines with botulinum toxin type A: GLO 3 + 2: a precise technique based on anatomy","volume":"12","author":"Solish N","year":"2024","unstructured":"Solish N, Kane MA, Brown J, Gallagher CJ. Optimized aesthetic outcomes when treating glabellar lines with botulinum toxin type A: GLO 3 + 2: a precise technique based on anatomy. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2024, 12:e5650. 10.1097\/GOX.0000000000005650","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006756","article-title":"The bidirectional movement of the frontalis muscle: introducing the line of convergence and its potential clinical relevance","volume":"145","author":"Cotofana S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cotofana S, Freytag DL, Frank K, et al.. The bidirectional movement of the frontalis muscle: introducing the line of convergence and its potential clinical relevance. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020, 145:1155-62. 10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006756","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-024-04539-4","article-title":"Meta-analysis of adverse reactions of botulinum toxin A in facial rejuvenation treatment","volume":"49","author":"Zhang W","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang W, Wen Y, Zhong Y, Chen Q. Meta-analysis of adverse reactions of botulinum toxin A in facial rejuvenation treatment. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2025, 49:2305-14. 10.1007\/s00266-024-04539-4","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12010313","article-title":"Ophthalmic complications after needle-based medical aesthetic procedures: a narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Boni\u0144ska K","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boni\u0144ska K. Ophthalmic complications after needle-based medical aesthetic procedures: a narrative review. J Clin Med. 2022, 12:313. 10.3390\/jcm12010313","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200107000-00034","article-title":"Treatment guidelines for botulinum toxin type A for the periocular region and a report on partial upper lip ptosis following injections to the lateral canthal rhytids","volume":"108","author":"Matarasso SL","year":"2001","unstructured":"Matarasso SL, Matarasso A. Treatment guidelines for botulinum toxin type A for the periocular region and a report on partial upper lip ptosis following injections to the lateral canthal rhytids. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001, 108:215-7. 10.1097\/00006534-200107000-00034","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11146478","article-title":"Biphasic injection for masseter muscle reduction with botulinum toxin","volume":"11","author":"Chirico F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chirico F, Bove P, Fragola R, et al.. Biphasic injection for masseter muscle reduction with botulinum toxin. Appl Sci. 2021, 11:6478. 10.3390\/app11146478","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2019.82795","article-title":"The whole truth about botulinum toxin-a review","volume":"37","author":"Witmanowski H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Witmanowski H, B\u0142ochowiak K. The whole truth about botulinum toxin-a review. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2020, 37:853-61. 10.5114\/ada.2019.82795","journal-title":"Postepy Dermatol Alergol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000009909","article-title":"Treatment of facial flaccidity and sagging after botulinum toxin A injection into the masseter","volume":"151","author":"Yin Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yin Y, Li T, Wang C, Ma Q, Fan X. Treatment of facial flaccidity and sagging after botulinum toxin A injection into the masseter. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2023, 151:521-5. 10.1097\/PRS.0000000000009909","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002184","article-title":"Global aesthetics consensus: avoidance and management of complications from hyaluronic acid fillers-evidence- and opinion-based review and consensus recommendations","volume":"137","author":"Signorini M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Signorini M, Liew S, Sundaram H, et al.. Global aesthetics consensus: avoidance and management of complications from hyaluronic acid fillers-evidence- and opinion-based review and consensus recommendations. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016, 137:961e-71e. 10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002184","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13977","article-title":"Dermal fillers: pathophysiology, prevention and treatment of complications","volume":"31","author":"Chiang YZ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chiang YZ, Pierone G, Al-Niaimi F. Dermal fillers: pathophysiology, prevention and treatment of complications. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017, 31:405-13. 10.1111\/jdv.13977","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2017.1888","article-title":"A cross-sectional analysis of adverse events and litigation for injectable fillers","volume":"20","author":"Rayess HM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rayess HM, Svider PF, Hanba C, Patel VS, DeJoseph LM, Carron M, Zuliani GF. A cross-sectional analysis of adverse events and litigation for injectable fillers. JAMA Facial Plast Surg. 2018, 20:207-14. 10.1001\/jamafacial.2017.1888","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2077.63222","article-title":"Fillers: contraindications, side effects and precautions","volume":"3","author":"Lafaille P","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lafaille P, Benedetto A. Fillers: contraindications, side effects and precautions. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2010, 3:16-9. 10.4103\/0974-2077.63222","journal-title":"J Cutan Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-023-00759-7","article-title":"Review of laser treatments for post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation in skin of color","volume":"24","author":"Sowash M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sowash M, Alster T. Review of laser treatments for post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation in skin of color. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2023, 24:381-96. 10.1007\/s40257-023-00759-7","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.16470","article-title":"Tyndall, Rayleigh, Mei, and Raman scattering: understanding their role in aesthetics","volume":"23","author":"Humzah MD","year":"2024","unstructured":"Humzah MD. Tyndall, Rayleigh, Mei, and Raman scattering: understanding their role in aesthetics. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024, 23:3493-6. 10.1111\/jocd.16470","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000000293","article-title":"Does the Tyndall effect describe the blue hue periodically observed in subdermal hyaluronic acid gel placement?","volume":"30","author":"Rootman DB","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rootman DB, Lin JL, Goldberg R. Does the Tyndall effect describe the blue hue periodically observed in subdermal hyaluronic acid gel placement?. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014, 30:524-7. 10.1097\/IOP.0000000000000293","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20283","article-title":"Management of injected hyaluronic acid induced Tyndall effects","volume":"38","author":"Hirsch RJ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hirsch RJ, Narurkar V, Carruthers J. Management of injected hyaluronic acid induced Tyndall effects. Lasers Surg Med. 2006, 38:202-4. 10.1002\/lsm.20283","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X13484492","article-title":"Complications of injectable fillers, part I","volume":"33","author":"DeLorenzi C","year":"2013","unstructured":"DeLorenzi C. Complications of injectable fillers, part I. Aesthet Surg J. 2013, 33:561-75. 10.1177\/1090820X13484492","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/07488068241298835","article-title":"Patient safety: acknowledging acute angioedema following cosmetic injections","volume":"42","author":"Kantor NB","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kantor NB, Keamy JE. Patient safety: acknowledging acute angioedema following cosmetic injections. Am J Cosmet Surg. 2024, 42:164-8. 10.1177\/07488068241298835","journal-title":"Am J Cosmet Surg"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2023.07.003","article-title":"Delayed hypersensitivity reaction following lip fillers, not one but four times in the same patient","volume":"37","author":"Kastritsi O","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kastritsi O, Kastritsi ED, Matzakanis G. Delayed hypersensitivity reaction following lip fillers, not one but four times in the same patient. JPRAS Open. 2023, 37:130-4. 10.1016\/j.jpra.2023.07.003","journal-title":"JPRAS Open"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Avoiding malar edema during midface\/cheek augmentation with dermal fillers","volume":"4","author":"Funt DK","year":"2011","unstructured":"Funt DK. Avoiding malar edema during midface\/cheek augmentation with dermal fillers. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2011, 4:32-6.","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14151640","article-title":"Review of the adverse effects associated with dermal filler treatments: part I nodules, granuloma, and migration","volume":"14","author":"Hong GW","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hong GW, Hu H, Chang K, Park Y, Lee KW, Chan LK, Yi KH. Review of the adverse effects associated with dermal filler treatments: part I nodules, granuloma, and migration. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024, 14:1640. 10.3390\/diagnostics14151640","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1592340","article-title":"Adverse reactions to injectable fillers","volume":"32","author":"Fitzgerald R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fitzgerald R, Bertucci V, Sykes JM, Duplechain JK. Adverse reactions to injectable fillers. Facial Plast Surg. 2016, 32:532-55. 10.1055\/s-0036-1592340","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjad028","article-title":"Making sense of late tissue nodules associated with hyaluronic acid injections","volume":"43","author":"Goodman GJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goodman GJ, McDonald CB, Lim A, et al.. Making sense of late tissue nodules associated with hyaluronic acid injections. Aesthet Surg J. 2023, 43:NP438-48. 10.1093\/asj\/sjad028","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Delayed-onset nodules (DONs) and considering their treatment following use of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers","volume":"14","author":"Convery C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Convery C, Davies E, Murray G, Walker L. Delayed-onset nodules (DONs) and considering their treatment following use of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2021, 14:E59-67.","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002730","article-title":"Global approaches to the prevention and management of delayed-onset adverse reactions with hyaluronic acid-based fillers","volume":"8","author":"Philipp-Dormston WG","year":"2020","unstructured":"Philipp-Dormston WG, Goodman GJ, De Boulle K, et al.. Global approaches to the prevention and management of delayed-onset adverse reactions with hyaluronic acid-based fillers. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2020, 8:e2730. 10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002730","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-013-0043-7","article-title":"Inflammatory nodules following soft tissue filler use: a review of causative agents, pathology and treatment options","volume":"14","author":"Ledon JA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ledon JA, Savas JA, Yang S, Franca K, Camacho I, Nouri K. Inflammatory nodules following soft tissue filler use: a review of causative agents, pathology and treatment options. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2013, 14:401-11. 10.1007\/s40257-013-0043-7","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004362","article-title":"Treatment of delayed-onset inflammatory reactions to hyaluronic acid filler: an algorithmic approach","volume":"10","author":"Funt DK","year":"2022","unstructured":"Funt DK. Treatment of delayed-onset inflammatory reactions to hyaluronic acid filler: an algorithmic approach. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2022, 10:e4362. 10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004362","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1580734","article-title":"Etiology, prevention, and management of infectious complications of dermal fillers","volume":"30","author":"Wagner RD","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wagner RD, Fakhro A, Cox JA, Izaddoost SA. Etiology, prevention, and management of infectious complications of dermal fillers. Semin Plast Surg. 2016, 30:83-6. 10.1055\/s-0036-1580734","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Vascular complications after facial filler injection: a literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Sito G","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sito G, Manzoni V, Sommariva R. Vascular complications after facial filler injection: a literature review and meta-analysis. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2019, 12:E65-72.","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-016-0658-1","article-title":"Experience and management of intravascular injection with facial fillers: results of a multinational survey of experienced injectors","volume":"40","author":"Goodman GJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goodman GJ, Roberts S, Callan P. Experience and management of intravascular injection with facial fillers: results of a multinational survey of experienced injectors. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2016, 40:549-55. 10.1007\/s00266-016-0658-1","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000754","article-title":"Blindness caused by cosmetic filler injection: a review of cause and therapy","volume":"134","author":"Carruthers JD","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carruthers JD, Fagien S, Rohrich RJ, Weinkle S, Carruthers A. Blindness caused by cosmetic filler injection: a review of cause and therapy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014, 134:1197-201. 10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000754","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2021.02.002","article-title":"Blindness after filler injection: mechanism and treatment","volume":"29","author":"Hwang CJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hwang CJ, Chon BH, Perry JD. Blindness after filler injection: mechanism and treatment. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2021, 29:359-67. 10.1016\/j.fsc.2021.02.002","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Filler-associated blindness: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Chatrath V","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chatrath V, Banerjee PS, Goodman GJ, Rahman E. Filler-associated blindness: a systematic review. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2019, 7:2173.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000007155","article-title":"The functional anatomy of the ophthalmic angiosome and its implications in blindness as a complication of cosmetic facial filler procedures","volume":"146","author":"Taylor GI","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taylor GI, Shoukath S, Gascoigne A, Corlett RJ, Ashton MW. The functional anatomy of the ophthalmic angiosome and its implications in blindness as a complication of cosmetic facial filler procedures. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020, 146:745. 10.1097\/PRS.0000000000007155","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003471","article-title":"The classification and prognosis of periocular complications related to blindness following cosmetic filler injection","volume":"140","author":"Myung Y","year":"2017","unstructured":"Myung Y, Yim S, Jeong JH, Kim BK, Heo CY, Baek RM, Pak CS. The classification and prognosis of periocular complications related to blindness following cosmetic filler injection. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017, 140:61-4. 10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003471","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjz312","article-title":"A consensus on minimizing the risk of hyaluronic acid embolic visual loss and suggestions for immediate bedside management","volume":"40","author":"Goodman GJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goodman GJ, Magnusson MR, Callan P, et al.. A consensus on minimizing the risk of hyaluronic acid embolic visual loss and suggestions for immediate bedside management. Aesthet Surg J. 2020, 40:1009-21. 10.1093\/asj\/sjz312","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001568","article-title":"Examining the role of retrobulbar hyaluronidase in reversing filler-induced blindness: a systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Paap MK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paap MK, Milman T, Ugradar S, Goldberg R, Silkiss RZ. Examining the role of retrobulbar hyaluronidase in reversing filler-induced blindness: a systematic review. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020, 36:231-8. 10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001568","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-022-03215-9","article-title":"Administration method and potential efficacy of hyaluronidase for hyaluronic acid filler-related vision loss: a systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Xiao H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiao H, Kou W, Yang Y, et al.. Administration method and potential efficacy of hyaluronidase for hyaluronic acid filler-related vision loss: a systematic review. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2024, 48:709-18. 10.1007\/s00266-022-03215-9","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-024-04483-3","article-title":"Retrobulbar hyaluronidase in hyaluronic acid-induced ocular vascular occlusion: efficacy, challenges, and implications for clinical practice","volume":"49","author":"Fakih-Gomez N","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fakih-Gomez N, Mu\u00f1oz-Gonzalez C, Porcar Plana CA, Puzo Bayod M, Madero J. Retrobulbar hyaluronidase in hyaluronic acid-induced ocular vascular occlusion: efficacy, challenges, and implications for clinical practice. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2025, 49:1458-68. 10.1007\/s00266-024-04483-3","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002173","article-title":"Soft-tissue filler-associated blindness: a systematic review of case reports and case series","volume":"7","author":"Chatrath V","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chatrath V, Banerjee PS, Goodman GJ, Rahman E. Soft-tissue filler-associated blindness: a systematic review of case reports and case series. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2019, 7:e2173. 10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002173","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S539888","article-title":"A review: causes, consequences, and management strategies of facial overfilling","volume":"18","author":"Peng CX","year":"2025","unstructured":"Peng CX, Xv W, Ao YJ. A review: causes, consequences, and management strategies of facial overfilling. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2025, 18:1857-64. 10.2147\/CCID.S539888","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000002236","article-title":"Anatomy behind the facial overfilled syndrome: the transverse facial septum","volume":"46","author":"Cotofana S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cotofana S, Gotkin RH, Frank K, Lachman N, Schenck TL. Anatomy behind the facial overfilled syndrome: the transverse facial septum. Dermatol Surg. 2020, 46:e16-22. 10.1097\/DSS.0000000000002236","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjw251","article-title":"New high dose pulsed hyaluronidase protocol for hyaluronic acid filler vascular adverse events","volume":"37","author":"DeLorenzi C","year":"2017","unstructured":"DeLorenzi C. New high dose pulsed hyaluronidase protocol for hyaluronic acid filler vascular adverse events. Aesthet Surg J. 2017, 37:814-25. 10.1093\/asj\/sjw251","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S80446","article-title":"Patient factors influencing dermal filler complications: prevention, assessment, and treatment","volume":"8","author":"De Boulle K","year":"2015","unstructured":"De Boulle K, Heydenrych I. Patient factors influencing dermal filler complications: prevention, assessment, and treatment. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2015, 8:205-14. 10.2147\/CCID.S80446","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S180904","article-title":"A 10-point plan for avoiding hyaluronic acid dermal filler-related complications during facial aesthetic procedures and algorithms for management","volume":"11","author":"Heydenrych I","year":"2018","unstructured":"Heydenrych I, Kapoor KM, De Boulle K, Goodman G, Swift A, Kumar N, Rahman E. A 10-point plan for avoiding hyaluronic acid dermal filler-related complications during facial aesthetic procedures and algorithms for management. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2018, 11:603-11. 10.2147\/CCID.S180904","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000002266","article-title":"Update and review of bleeding considerations in dermatologic surgery: anticoagulants and antiplatelets","volume":"46","author":"Iyengar S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Iyengar S, Yeager DG, Cohen JL, Ozog DM. Update and review of bleeding considerations in dermatologic surgery: anticoagulants and antiplatelets. Dermatol Surg. 2020, 46:192-201. 10.1097\/DSS.0000000000002266","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.14522","article-title":"S3 guideline: management of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents in cutaneous surgery","volume":"19","author":"Nast A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nast A, H\u00e4fner HM, Kolk A, et al.. S3 guideline: management of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents in cutaneous surgery. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2021, 19:1531-46. 10.1111\/ddg.14522","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16916","article-title":"Direct oral anticoagulants in skin surgery: a systematic review of their complications and recommendations for perioperative management","volume":"63","author":"Ireland PA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ireland PA, Borruso L, Spencer SK, Rosen R, Rosen R. Direct oral anticoagulants in skin surgery: a systematic review of their complications and recommendations for perioperative management. Int J Dermatol. 2024, 63:413-21. 10.1111\/ijd.16916","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-024-01202-3","article-title":"Late-onset reactions after hyaluronic acid dermal fillers: a consensus recommendation on etiology, prevention and management","volume":"14","author":"Baranska-Rybak W","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baranska-Rybak W, Lajo-Plaza JV, Walker L, Alizadeh N. Late-onset reactions after hyaluronic acid dermal fillers: a consensus recommendation on etiology, prevention and management. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2024, 14:1767-85. 10.1007\/s13555-024-01202-3","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.16745","article-title":"Facial thread lifting complications","volume":"24","author":"Yi KH","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yi KH, Park SY. Facial thread lifting complications. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2025, 24:e16745. 10.1111\/jocd.16745","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-021-02256-w","article-title":"A meta-analysis and systematic review of the incidences of complications following facial thread-lifting","volume":"45","author":"Niu Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Niu Z, Zhang K, Yao W, et al.. A meta-analysis and systematic review of the incidences of complications following facial thread-lifting. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2021, 45:2148-58. 10.1007\/s00266-021-02256-w","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.70109","article-title":"Adverse events in nonsurgical facial aesthetic procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Cruz VM","year":"2026","unstructured":"Cruz VM, Sousa-Neto SS, Pedroso CM, et al.. Adverse events in nonsurgical facial aesthetic procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis. 2026, 32:384-94. 10.1111\/odi.70109","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004157","article-title":"Barbed PDO thread face lift: a case study of bacterial complication","volume":"10","author":"Surowiak P","year":"2022","unstructured":"Surowiak P. Barbed PDO thread face lift: a case study of bacterial complication. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2022, 10:e4157. 10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004157","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JCAS.JCAS_138_19","article-title":"Expert consensus on soft-tissue repositioning using absorbable barbed suspension double-needle threads in Asian and Caucasian patients","volume":"14","author":"Fundaro SP","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fundaro SP, Goh CL, Hau KC, Moon H, Lao PP, Salti G. Expert consensus on soft-tissue repositioning using absorbable barbed suspension double-needle threads in Asian and Caucasian patients. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2021, 14:1-13. 10.4103\/JCAS.JCAS_138_19","journal-title":"J Cutan Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5070\/D327955145","article-title":"Extrusion of suture and granuloma formation from a neck thread lift","volume":"27","author":"Choi E","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choi E, Cheong EC, Leow YH. Extrusion of suture and granuloma formation from a neck thread lift. Dermatol Online J. 2021, 27:10.5070\/D327955145","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JCAS.JCAS_221_20","article-title":"Periorbital rejuvenation: a study on the use of dermal threads as monotherapy, with a review of literature","volume":"15","author":"Arora G","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arora G, Arora S. Periorbital rejuvenation: a study on the use of dermal threads as monotherapy, with a review of literature. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2022, 15:48-57. 10.4103\/JCAS.JCAS_221_20","journal-title":"J Cutan Aesthet Surg"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/516912-complications-of-botulinum-toxin-fillers-and-threads-a-narrative-review-by-the-special-interest-group-sig-aesthetics-indian-association-of-dermatologists-venereologists-and-leprologists-iadvl-academy","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T16:23:10Z","timestamp":1788106990000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/516912-complications-of-botulinum-toxin-fillers-and-threads-a-narrative-review-by-the-special-interest-group-sig-aesthetics-indian-association-of-dermatologists-venereologists-and-leprologists-iadvl-academy"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]]},"references-count":72,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.115447","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]]}}}