{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T04:12:44Z","timestamp":1788408764277,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.115688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T03:19:06Z","timestamp":1788405546000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Layered Framework for Biological Aesthetics: A Narrative Review of Regenerative Medicine in Cosmetic Science"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ismail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott M","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics11020049","article-title":"Advancements in regenerative medicine for aesthetic dermatology: a comprehensive review and future trends","volume":"31","author":"Trovato F","year":"2024","unstructured":"Trovato F, Ceccarelli S, Michelini S, et al.. Advancements in regenerative medicine for aesthetic dermatology: a comprehensive review and future trends. Cosmetics. 2024, 31:49. 10.3390\/cosmetics11020049","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13071105","article-title":"A comparative review of natural and synthetic biopolymer composite scaffolds","volume":"13","author":"Reddy MS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reddy MS, Ponnamma D, Choudhary R, Sadasivuni KK. A comparative review of natural and synthetic biopolymer composite scaffolds. Polymers (Basel). 2021, 13:10.3390\/polym13071105","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics7020033","article-title":"Biotechnology applied to cosmetics and aesthetic medicines","volume":"11","author":"Gomes C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gomes C, Silva AC, Marques AC, et al.. Biotechnology applied to cosmetics and aesthetic medicines. Cosmetics. 2020, 11:33. 10.3390\/cosmetics7020033","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2021.3134994","article-title":"Exploring the potential of stem cell-based therapy for aesthetic and plastic surgery","volume":"16","author":"Tran DK","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tran DK, Phuong TN, Bui NL, et al.. Exploring the potential of stem cell-based therapy for aesthetic and plastic surgery. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng. 2023, 16:386-402. 10.1109\/RBME.2021.3134994","journal-title":"IEEE Rev Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels10060361","article-title":"Dual functionalization of hyaluronan dermal fillers with vitamin B3: efficient combination of bio-stimulation properties with hydrogel system resilience enhancement","volume":"10","author":"Porcello A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Porcello A, Chemali M, Marques C, et al.. Dual functionalization of hyaluronan dermal fillers with vitamin B3: efficient combination of bio-stimulation properties with hydrogel system resilience enhancement. Gels. 2024, 10:10.3390\/gels10060361","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npjregenmed.2016.3","article-title":"Comparative biology of tissue repair, regeneration and aging","volume":"1","author":"Coffman JA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Coffman JA, Rieger S, Rogers AN, Updike DL, Yin VP. Comparative biology of tissue repair, regeneration and aging. NPJ Regen Med. 2016, 1:16003. 10.1038\/npjregenmed.2016.3","journal-title":"NPJ Regen Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15556","article-title":"The evolving field of regenerative aesthetics","volume":"22","author":"Goldie K","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goldie K. The evolving field of regenerative aesthetics. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2023, 22:1-7. 10.1111\/jocd.15556","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/9781837672288-00001","article-title":"Natural products for cosmeceuticals","author":"Shah K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shah K, Verma K, Trivedi J, Mehta S, Kumar S, Dhameliya T. Natural products for cosmeceuticals. Bioprospecting of Natural Sources for Cosmeceuticals. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK; 2024. 1-17. 10.1039\/9781837672288-00001"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2023.130498","article-title":"Stem cells in plastic surgery and aesthetic medicine","volume":"40","author":"Czop JK","year":"2023","unstructured":"Czop JK, Ja\u0142owska M. Stem cells in plastic surgery and aesthetic medicine. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2023, 40:504-9. 10.5114\/ada.2023.130498","journal-title":"Postepy Dermatol Alergol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01993-z","article-title":"Human adipose and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles mitigate photoaging via TIMP1\/Notch1","volume":"9","author":"Zhang H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang H, Xiao X, Wang L, Shi X, Fu N, Wang S, Zhao RC. Human adipose and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles mitigate photoaging via TIMP1\/Notch1. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024, 9:294. 10.1038\/s41392-024-01993-z","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000006873","article-title":"Multimodal treatment combinations and layering to restructure the aging face: recommendations from an expert panel","volume":"13","author":"de Sanctis Pecora C","year":"2025","unstructured":"de Sanctis Pecora C, Corduff N, Carroll J, Muniz M, Sattler S. Multimodal treatment combinations and layering to restructure the aging face: recommendations from an expert panel. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2025, 13:e6873. 10.1097\/GOX.0000000000006873","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1582234","article-title":"The anatomy of the aging face: a review","volume":"32","author":"Cotofana S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cotofana S, Fratila AA, Schenck TL, Redka-Swoboda W, Zilinsky I, Pavicic T. The anatomy of the aging face: a review. Facial Plast Surg. 2016, 32:253-60. 10.1055\/s-0036-1582234","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asjof\/ojae049","article-title":"Multilayer technique using calcium hydroxylapatite biostimulation with different dilutions in the lateral face","volume":"6","author":"Hernandez C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hernandez C, Viscomi B, Faria G, Vasconcelos R, Schneider C, Moreno J, Muniz M. Multilayer technique using calcium hydroxylapatite biostimulation with different dilutions in the lateral face. Aesthet Surg J Open Forum. 2024, 6:ojae049. 10.1093\/asjof\/ojae049","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J Open Forum"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S447865","article-title":"The anatomical layering assessment: the construction of beauty","volume":"17","author":"de Sanctis Pecora C","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Sanctis Pecora C. The anatomical layering assessment: the construction of beauty. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2024, 17:605-20. 10.2147\/CCID.S447865","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.13737","article-title":"Anatomy of the facial fat compartments and their relevance in aesthetic surgery","volume":"17","author":"Cotofana S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cotofana S, Lachman N. Anatomy of the facial fat compartments and their relevance in aesthetic surgery. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2019, 17:399-413. 10.1111\/ddg.13737","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cxom.2017.11.001","article-title":"Current techniques in fat grafting","volume":"26","author":"Bagheri SC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bagheri SC, Bohluli B, Consky EK. Current techniques in fat grafting. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2018, 26:7-13. 10.1016\/j.cxom.2017.11.001","journal-title":"Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2015.04.001","article-title":"Fat grafting for facial filling and regeneration","volume":"42","author":"Coleman SR","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coleman SR, Katzel EB. Fat grafting for facial filling and regeneration. Clin Plast Surg. 2015, 42:289-300, vii. 10.1016\/j.cps.2015.04.001","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000265403.66886.54","article-title":"The fat compartments of the face: anatomy and clinical implications for cosmetic surgery","volume":"119","author":"Rohrich RJ","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rohrich RJ, Pessa JE. The fat compartments of the face: anatomy and clinical implications for cosmetic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007, 119:2219-27. 10.1097\/01.prs.0000265403.66886.54","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000881","article-title":"Face lifting in the massive weight loss patient: modifications of our technique for this population","volume":"135","author":"Narasimhan K","year":"2015","unstructured":"Narasimhan K, Ramanadham S, Rohrich RJ. Face lifting in the massive weight loss patient: modifications of our technique for this population. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015, 135:397-405. 10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000881","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.17725","article-title":"Unlocking longevity in aesthetic dermatology: epigenetics, aging, and personalized care","volume":"64","author":"Haykal D","year":"2025","unstructured":"Haykal D, Flament F, Mora P, Balooch G, Cartier H. Unlocking longevity in aesthetic dermatology: epigenetics, aging, and personalized care. Int J Dermatol. 2025, 64:2204-14. 10.1111\/ijd.17725","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S294812","article-title":"Treating aging changes of facial anatomical layers with hyaluronic acid fillers","volume":"14","author":"Kapoor KM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kapoor KM, Saputra DI, Porter CE, et al.. Treating aging changes of facial anatomical layers with hyaluronic acid fillers. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2021, 14:1105-18. 10.2147\/CCID.S294812","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"First consensus on primary prevention and early intervention in aesthetic medicine","volume":"16 (9)","author":"Landau M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Landau M, Anand CV, Besins T, et al.. First consensus on primary prevention and early intervention in aesthetic medicine. J Drugs Dermatol JDD. 2017, 16 (9):846-54.","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol JDD"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12722","article-title":"The posterior temporal supraSMAS minimally invasive lifting technique using soft-tissue fillers","volume":"17","author":"Suwanchinda A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Suwanchinda A, Webb KL, Rudolph C, et al.. The posterior temporal supraSMAS minimally invasive lifting technique using soft-tissue fillers. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2018, 17:617-24. 10.1111\/jocd.12722","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0646-y","article-title":"The role of peptides in bone healing and regeneration: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Pountos I","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pountos I, Panteli M, Lampropoulos A, Jones E, Calori GM, Giannoudis PV. The role of peptides in bone healing and regeneration: a systematic review. BMC Med. 2016, 14:103. 10.1186\/s12916-016-0646-y","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Stem cell and research in plastic surgery","volume":"29","author":"Eun SC","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eun SC. Stem cell and research in plastic surgery. J Korean Med Sci. 2014, 29:167.","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.291","article-title":"Application of stem cells in regeneration medicine","volume":"4","author":"Jin Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jin Y, Li S, Yu Q, Chen T, Liu D. Application of stem cells in regeneration medicine. MedComm (2020). 2023, 4:e291. 10.1002\/mco2.291","journal-title":"MedComm (2020)"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sju088","article-title":"Framing the breast","volume":"35","author":"Frame JD","year":"2015","unstructured":"Frame JD, Connolly C. Framing the breast. Aesthet Surg J. 2015, 35:NP106-12. 10.1093\/asj\/sju088","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7056261","article-title":"The role of adipose-derived stem cells, dermal regenerative templates, and platelet-rich plasma in tissue engineering-based treatments of chronic skin wounds","volume":"2020","author":"Conese M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Conese M, Annacontini L, Carbone A, et al.. The role of adipose-derived stem cells, dermal regenerative templates, and platelet-rich plasma in tissue engineering-based treatments of chronic skin wounds. Stem Cells Int. 2020, 2020:7056261. 10.1155\/2020\/7056261","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1120533","article-title":"MOTS-c: a promising mitochondrial-derived peptide for therapeutic exploitation","volume":"14","author":"Zheng Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Wei Z, Wang T. MOTS-c: a promising mitochondrial-derived peptide for therapeutic exploitation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023, 14:1120533. 10.3389\/fendo.2023.1120533","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma: a comprehensive review of emerging applications in medical and aesthetic dermatology","volume":"14","author":"White C","year":"2021","unstructured":"White C, Brahs A, Dorton D, Witfill K. Platelet-rich plasma: a comprehensive review of emerging applications in medical and aesthetic dermatology. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2021, 14:44-57.","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Progress in the use of platelet-rich plasma in aesthetic and medical dermatology","volume":"13","author":"Lin MY","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin MY, Lin CS, Hu S, Chung WH. Progress in the use of platelet-rich plasma in aesthetic and medical dermatology. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2020, 13:28-35.","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55050141","article-title":"Platelet-rich fibrin and its emerging therapeutic benefits for musculoskeletal injury treatment","volume":"55","author":"Grecu AF","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grecu AF, Reclaru L, Ardelean LC, Nica O, Ciuc\u0103 EM, Ciurea ME. Platelet-rich fibrin and its emerging therapeutic benefits for musculoskeletal injury treatment. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019, 55:10.3390\/medicina55050141","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.70374","article-title":"From growth factors to structure: PDGF and TGF-\u03b2 in granulation tissue formation. A literature review","volume":"29","author":"Irma J","year":"2025","unstructured":"Irma J, Kartasasmita AS, Kartiwa A, Irfani I, Rizki SA, Onasis S. From growth factors to structure: PDGF and TGF-\u03b2 in granulation tissue formation. A literature review. J Cell Mol Med. 2025, 29:e70374. 10.1111\/jcmm.70374","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105490","article-title":"The novel mechanisms and applications of exosomes in dermatology and cutaneous medical aesthetics","volume":"166","author":"Xiong M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiong M, Zhang Q, Hu W, et al.. The novel mechanisms and applications of exosomes in dermatology and cutaneous medical aesthetics. Pharmacol Res. 2021, 166:105490. 10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105490","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000003550","article-title":"Muscle stimulation for aesthetic body shaping: a comprehensive and critical review","volume":"48","author":"Rambhia PH","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rambhia PH, Turner L, Ugonabo N, Chapas A. Muscle stimulation for aesthetic body shaping: a comprehensive and critical review. Dermatol Surg. 2022, 48:1076-82. 10.1097\/DSS.0000000000003550","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002622","article-title":"Single-stage composite skin reconstruction using a dermal regeneration template","volume":"8","author":"Rudnicki PA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rudnicki PA, Purt B, True D, Siordia H, Lohmeier S, Chan RK. Single-stage composite skin reconstruction using a dermal regeneration template. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2020, 8:e2622. 10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002622","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics12010009","article-title":"Use of exosomes for cosmetics applications","volume":"12","author":"Villarreal-G\u00f3mez LJ","year":"2025","unstructured":"Villarreal-G\u00f3mez LJ, Origel-Lucio S, Hern\u00e1ndez-Hern\u00e1ndez DA, et al.. Use of exosomes for cosmetics applications. Cosmetics. 2025, 12:9. 10.3390\/cosmetics12010009","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115604","article-title":"The biological role of platelet derivatives in regenerative aesthetics","volume":"25","author":"Santos LC","year":"2024","unstructured":"Santos LC, Lana GL, Santos GS, et al.. The biological role of platelet derivatives in regenerative aesthetics. Int J Mol Sci. 2024, 25:10.3390\/ijms25115604","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74179-6","article-title":"Dermal fibroblasts have different extracellular matrix profiles induced by TGF-\u03b2, PDGF and IL-6 in a model for skin fibrosis","volume":"10","author":"Juhl P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Juhl P, Bondesen S, Hawkins CL, Karsdal MA, Bay-Jensen AC, Davies MJ, Siebuhr AS. Dermal fibroblasts have different extracellular matrix profiles induced by TGF-\u03b2, PDGF and IL-6 in a model for skin fibrosis. Sci Rep. 2020, 10:17300. 10.1038\/s41598-020-74179-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2019.03.005","article-title":"The benefits of platelet-rich fibrin","volume":"27","author":"Karimi K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karimi K, Rockwell H. The benefits of platelet-rich fibrin. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2019, 27:331-40. 10.1016\/j.fsc.2019.03.005","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics2030236","article-title":"GHK-Cu may prevent oxidative stress in skin by regulating copper and modifying expression of numerous antioxidant genes","volume":"2","author":"Pickart L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero J, Margolina A. GHK-Cu may prevent oxidative stress in skin by regulating copper and modifying expression of numerous antioxidant genes.  Cosmetics. 2015, 2:236-47. 10.3390\/cosmetics2030236","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring","volume":"32","author":"Avci P","year":"2013","unstructured":"Avci P, Gupta A, Sadasivam M, Vecchio D, Pam Z, Pam N, Hamblin MR. Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2013, 32:41-52.","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.idoj_264_22","article-title":"Medical aesthetics - current trends and a review of its applications","volume":"14","author":"Arora G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arora G, Arora S. Medical aesthetics - current trends and a review of its applications. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2023, 14:309-19. 10.4103\/idoj.idoj_264_22","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/photob.2018.4512","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of home-use photobiomodulation devices: a systematic literature review","volume":"37","author":"Gavish L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gavish L, Houreld NN. Therapeutic efficacy of home-use photobiomodulation devices: a systematic literature review. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2019, 37:4-16. 10.1089\/photob.2018.4512","journal-title":"Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics10020065","article-title":"Therapeutic values of exosomes in cosmetics, skin care, tissue regeneration, and dermatological diseases","volume":"10","author":"Thakur A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thakur A, Shah D, Rai D, et al.. Therapeutic values of exosomes in cosmetics, skin care, tissue regeneration, and dermatological diseases. Cosmetics. 2023, 10:65. 10.3390\/cosmetics10020065","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2010.03.003","article-title":"Role of antioxidants in the skin: anti-aging effects","volume":"58","author":"Masaki H","year":"2010","unstructured":"Masaki H. Role of antioxidants in the skin: anti-aging effects. J Dermatol Sci. 2010, 58:85-90. 10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2010.03.003","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(99)80087-0","article-title":"Skin antioxidants: their role in aging and in oxidative stress - new approaches for their evaluation","volume":"53","author":"Kohen R","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kohen R. Skin antioxidants: their role in aging and in oxidative stress - new approaches for their evaluation. Biomed Pharmacother. 1999, 53:181-92. 10.1016\/S0753-3322(99)80087-0","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amolm.2025.100063","article-title":"Role of antioxidants in skin aging and the molecular mechanism of ROS: a comprehensive review","volume":"5","author":"Hussen NHA","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hussen NHA, Abdulla SK, Ali NM, et al.. Role of antioxidants in skin aging and the molecular mechanism of ROS: a comprehensive review. Asp Mol Med. 2025, 5:100063. 10.1016\/j.amolm.2025.100063","journal-title":"Asp Mol Med"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04834.x","article-title":"The effect of niacinamide on reducing cutaneous pigmentation and suppression of melanosome transfer","volume":"147","author":"Hakozaki T","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hakozaki T, Minwalla L, Zhuang J, et al.. The effect of niacinamide on reducing cutaneous pigmentation and suppression of melanosome transfer. Br J Dermatol. 2002, 147:20-31. 10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04834.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8090383","article-title":"Particulate matter 2.5 mediates cutaneous cellular injury by inducing mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum stress: protective effects of ginsenoside Rb1","volume":"8","author":"Piao MJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Piao MJ, Kang KA, Zhen AX, et al.. Particulate matter 2.5 mediates cutaneous cellular injury by inducing mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum stress: protective effects of ginsenoside Rb1. Antioxidants (Basel). 2019, 8:383. 10.3390\/antiox8090383","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2018.10.015","article-title":"A regeneration toolkit","volume":"47","author":"Mokalled MH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mokalled MH, Poss KD. A regeneration toolkit. Dev Cell. 2018, 47:267-80. 10.1016\/j.devcel.2018.10.015","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/rme.10.37","article-title":"Regenerative medicine cell therapies: numbers of units manufactured and patients treated between 1988 and 2010","volume":"5","author":"Mason C","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mason C, Manzotti E. Regenerative medicine cell therapies: numbers of units manufactured and patients treated between 1988 and 2010. Regen Med. 2010, 5:307-13. 10.2217\/rme.10.37","journal-title":"Regen Med"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6737345","article-title":"Adipose-derived stem cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications","volume":"2016","author":"Dai R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dai R, Wang Z, Samanipour R, Koo KI, Kim K. Adipose-derived stem cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Stem Cells Int. 2016, 2016:6737345. 10.1155\/2016\/6737345","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.1083640","article-title":"Exosomes based advancements for application in medical aesthetics","volume":"10","author":"Zhang B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang B, Gong J, He L, Khan A, Xiong T, Shen H, Li Z. Exosomes based advancements for application in medical aesthetics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022, 10:1083640. 10.3389\/fbioe.2022.1083640","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15930","article-title":"A review of exosomes and their application in cutaneous medical aesthetics","volume":"22","author":"Olumesi KR","year":"2023","unstructured":"Olumesi KR, Goldberg DJ. A review of exosomes and their application in cutaneous medical aesthetics. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2023, 22:2628-34. 10.1111\/jocd.15930","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15010088","article-title":"Peptides: emerging candidates for the prevention and treatment of skin senescence: a review","volume":"15","author":"Pintea A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pintea A, Manea A, Pintea C, et al.. Peptides: emerging candidates for the prevention and treatment of skin senescence: a review. Biomolecules. 2025, 15:10.3390\/biom15010088","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911991","article-title":"MOTS-c, the most recent mitochondrial derived peptide in human aging and age-related diseases","volume":"23","author":"Mohtashami Z","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohtashami Z, Singh MK, Salimiaghdam N, Ozgul M, Kenney MC. MOTS-c, the most recent mitochondrial derived peptide in human aging and age-related diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2022, 23:10.3390\/ijms231911991","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12030472","article-title":"Promotion of lymphangiogenesis by targeted delivery of VEGF-C improves diabetic wound healing","volume":"12","author":"Brunner LM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brunner LM, He Y, Cousin N, et al.. Promotion of lymphangiogenesis by targeted delivery of VEGF-C improves diabetic wound healing. Cells. 2023, 12:10.3390\/cells12030472","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115916","article-title":"Clinical applications of adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) exosomes in tissue regeneration","volume":"25","author":"Papadopoulos KS","year":"2024","unstructured":"Papadopoulos KS, Piperi C, Korkolopoulou P. Clinical applications of adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) exosomes in tissue regeneration. Int J Mol Sci. 2024, 25:10.3390\/ijms25115916","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2013.40.6.666","article-title":"Stem cells in plastic surgery: a review of current clinical and translational applications","volume":"40","author":"Salibian AA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salibian AA, Widgerow AD, Abrouk M, Evans GR. Stem cells in plastic surgery: a review of current clinical and translational applications. Arch Plast Surg. 2013, 40:666-75. 10.5999\/aps.2013.40.6.666","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-017-2699-4","article-title":"Comparative analysis of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells derived from different parts of the same umbilical cord","volume":"372","author":"Bharti D","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bharti D, Shivakumar SB, Park JK, et al.. Comparative analysis of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells derived from different parts of the same umbilical cord. Cell Tissue Res. 2018, 372:51-65. 10.1007\/s00441-017-2699-4","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"ref62","article-title":"Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) and aesthetic surgery: a mini review","volume":"2","author":"Mehrabani D","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mehrabani D, Mehrabani G, Zare S, Manafi A. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) and aesthetic surgery: a mini review. World J Plast Surg. 2013, 2:65-70.","journal-title":"World J Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18010208","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue in clinical applications for dermatological indications and skin aging","volume":"18","author":"Gaur M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gaur M, Dobke M, Lunyak VV. Mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue in clinical applications for dermatological indications and skin aging. Int J Mol Sci. 2017, 18:10.3390\/ijms18010208","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v6.i2.195","article-title":"Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells: their advantages and potential clinical utility","volume":"6","author":"Nagamura-Inoue T","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nagamura-Inoue T, He H. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells: their advantages and potential clinical utility. World J Stem Cells. 2014, 6:195-202. 10.4252\/wjsc.v6.i2.195","journal-title":"World J Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-02011-z","article-title":"What is the impact of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on clinical treatment?","volume":"11","author":"Xie Q","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xie Q, Liu R, Jiang J, et al.. What is the impact of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on clinical treatment?. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2020, 11:519. 10.1186\/s13287-020-02011-z","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/137695","article-title":"Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit cadherin-11 expression by fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"2015","author":"Zhao C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhao C, Zhang L, Kong W, et al.. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit cadherin-11 expression by fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. J Immunol Res. 2015, 2015:137695. 10.1155\/2015\/137695","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-017-0668-1","article-title":"Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate insulin resistance by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation in type 2 diabetes rats","volume":"8","author":"Sun X","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sun X, Hao H, Han Q, et al.. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate insulin resistance by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation in type 2 diabetes rats. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2017, 8:241. 10.1186\/s13287-017-0668-1","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147447","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells therapies on fibrotic heart diseases","volume":"22","author":"Gubert F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gubert F, da Silva JS, Vasques JF, et al.. Mesenchymal stem cells therapies on fibrotic heart diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2021, 22:10.3390\/ijms22147447","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11523-020-00717-x","article-title":"microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as new tools for cancer therapy: first steps from bench to bedside","volume":"15","author":"Ratti M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ratti M, Lampis A, Ghidini M, Salati M, Mirchev MB, Valeri N, Hahne JC. microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as new tools for cancer therapy: first steps from bench to bedside. Target Oncol. 2020, 15:261-78. 10.1007\/s11523-020-00717-x","journal-title":"Target Oncol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2009.0485","article-title":"Functional module analysis reveals differential osteogenic and stemness potentials in human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and Wharton's jelly of umbilical cord","volume":"19","author":"Hsieh JY","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hsieh JY, Fu YS, Chang SJ, Tsuang YH, Wang HW. Functional module analysis reveals differential osteogenic and stemness potentials in human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and Wharton's jelly of umbilical cord. Stem Cells Dev. 2010, 19:1895-910. 10.1089\/scd.2009.0485","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20102523","article-title":"Regenerative capacity of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs), comparison with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)","volume":"20","author":"Mazini L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mazini L, Rochette L, Amine M, Malka G. Regenerative capacity of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs), comparison with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Int J Mol Sci. 2019, 20:10.3390\/ijms20102523","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omton.2025.200997","article-title":"Real-time imaging reveals radiation-induced intratumor apoptosis via nutrient and oxygen deprivation following vascular damage","volume":"33","author":"Kagiya G","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kagiya G, Ogawa R, Matsumoto T, et al.. Real-time imaging reveals radiation-induced intratumor apoptosis via nutrient and oxygen deprivation following vascular damage. Mol Ther Oncol. 2025, 33:200997. 10.1016\/j.omton.2025.200997","journal-title":"Mol Ther Oncol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-019-0282-2","article-title":"Exosomes: biogenesis, biologic function and clinical potential","volume":"9","author":"Zhang Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Liu Y, Liu H, Tang WH. Exosomes: biogenesis, biologic function and clinical potential. Cell Biosci. 2019, 9:19. 10.1186\/s13578-019-0282-2","journal-title":"Cell Biosci"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2023.100608","article-title":"Exosomes: New regulators of reproductive development","volume":"19","author":"Chen C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen C, Zhang Z, Gu X, Sheng X, Xiao L, Wang X. Exosomes: New regulators of reproductive development. Mater Today Bio. 2023, 19:100608. 10.1016\/j.mtbio.2023.100608","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15071992","article-title":"From exosome biogenesis to absorption: key takeaways for cancer research","volume":"15","author":"Lau NC","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lau NC, Yam JW. From exosome biogenesis to absorption: key takeaways for cancer research. Cancers (Basel). 2023, 15:10.3390\/cancers15071992","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01451-3","article-title":"Exosomes in skin photoaging: biological functions and therapeutic opportunity","volume":"22","author":"Hajialiasgary Najafabadi A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hajialiasgary Najafabadi A, Soheilifar MH, Masoudi-Khoram N. Exosomes in skin photoaging: biological functions and therapeutic opportunity. Cell Commun Signal. 2024, 22:32. 10.1186\/s12964-023-01451-3","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-025-01501-3","article-title":"Regenerative skin remodeling through exosome-based therapy: a case study demonstrating 21-month sustained outcomes in pore size, erythema, and hyperpigmentation","volume":"15","author":"Lee YS","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lee YS. Regenerative skin remodeling through exosome-based therapy: a case study demonstrating 21-month sustained outcomes in pore size, erythema, and hyperpigmentation. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2025, 15:3055-64. 10.1007\/s13555-025-01501-3","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0746.83158","article-title":"Platelet-Rich fibrin: A second generation platelet concentrate and a new friend of oral and maxillofacial surgeons","volume":"1","author":"Saluja H","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saluja H, Dehane V, Mahindra U. Platelet-Rich fibrin: A second generation platelet concentrate and a new friend of oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Ann Maxillofac Surg. 2011, 1:53-7. 10.4103\/2231-0746.83158","journal-title":"Ann Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10010058","article-title":"Evolution and clinical advances of platelet-rich fibrin in musculoskeletal regeneration","volume":"10","author":"Narayanaswamy R","year":"2023","unstructured":"Narayanaswamy R, Patro BP, Jeyaraman N, et al.. Evolution and clinical advances of platelet-rich fibrin in musculoskeletal regeneration. Bioengineering (Basel). 2023, 10:10.3390\/bioengineering10010058","journal-title":"Bioengineering (Basel)"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241814314","article-title":"The effect of leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin on central and peripheral nervous system neurons-implications for biomaterial applicability","volume":"24","author":"Lambrichts I","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lambrichts I, Wolfs E, Bronckaers A, Gervois P, Vangansewinkel T. The effect of leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin on central and peripheral nervous system neurons-implications for biomaterial applicability. Int J Mol Sci. 2023, 24:10.3390\/ijms241814314","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1286035","article-title":"Platelet-rich fibrin as an autologous biomaterial for bone regeneration: mechanisms, applications, optimization","volume":"12","author":"Jia K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jia K, You J, Zhu Y, et al.. Platelet-rich fibrin as an autologous biomaterial for bone regeneration: mechanisms, applications, optimization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2024, 12:1286035. 10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1286035","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.idoj_282_21","article-title":"Platelet-rich fibrin, preparation and use in dermatology","volume":"12","author":"Dashore S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dashore S, Chouhan K, Nanda S, Sharma A. Platelet-rich fibrin, preparation and use in dermatology. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2021, 12:S55-65. 10.4103\/idoj.idoj_282_21","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12997\/jla.2023.12.1.23","article-title":"New therapeutic approaches to the treatment of dyslipidemia 1: ApoC-III and ANGPTL3","volume":"12","author":"Kim JY","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim JY, Kim NH. New therapeutic approaches to the treatment of dyslipidemia 1: ApoC-III and ANGPTL3. J Lipid Atheroscler. 2023, 12:23-36. 10.12997\/jla.2023.12.1.23","journal-title":"J Lipid Atheroscler"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2021-0259","article-title":"Platelet-rich fibrin: basics of biological actions and protocol modifications","volume":"16","author":"Pavlovic V","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pavlovic V, Ciric M, Jovanovic V, Trandafilovic M, Stojanovic P. Platelet-rich fibrin: basics of biological actions and protocol modifications. Open Med (Wars). 2021, 16:446-54. 10.1515\/med-2021-0259","journal-title":"Open Med (Wars)"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2019.12.012","article-title":"Clinical uses of platelet-rich fibrin in oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":"64","author":"Fan Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fan Y, Perez K, Dym H. Clinical uses of platelet-rich fibrin in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Dent Clin North Am. 2020, 64:291-303. 10.1016\/j.cden.2019.12.012","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c02592","article-title":"Matrixyl patch vs Matrixyl cream: a comparative in vivo investigation of Matrixyl (MTI) effect on wound healing","volume":"7","author":"Kachooeian M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kachooeian M, Mousivand Z, Sharifikolouei E, Shirangi M, Firoozpour L, Raoufi M, Sharifzadeh M. Matrixyl patch vs Matrixyl cream: a comparative in vivo investigation of Matrixyl (MTI) effect on wound healing. ACS Omega. 2022, 7:24695-704. 10.1021\/acsomega.2c02592","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/54217","article-title":"Public interest in acetyl hexapeptide-8: longitudinal analysis","volume":"7","author":"Olsson SE","year":"2024","unstructured":"Olsson SE, Sreepad B, Lee T, Fasih M, Fijany A. Public interest in acetyl hexapeptide-8: longitudinal analysis. JMIR Dermatol. 2024, 7:e54217. 10.2196\/54217","journal-title":"JMIR Dermatol"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2009.00490.x","article-title":"Role of topical peptides in preventing or treating aged skin","volume":"31","author":"Gorouhi F","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gorouhi F, Maibach HI. Role of topical peptides in preventing or treating aged skin. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2009, 31:327-45. 10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2009.00490.x","journal-title":"Int J Cosmet Sci"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000005523","article-title":"A multicenter pilot study of a novel allograft adipose matrix in Malar and Prejowl volume restoration","volume":"12","author":"Gold MH","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gold MH, Fagien S, Rohrich RJ. A multicenter pilot study of a novel allograft adipose matrix in Malar and Prejowl volume restoration. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2024, 12:e5523. 10.1097\/GOX.0000000000005523","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.767362","article-title":"Recent developments in extracellular matrix remodeling for fat grafting","volume":"9","author":"Bi X","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bi X, Li Y, Dong Z, et al.. Recent developments in extracellular matrix remodeling for fat grafting. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021, 9:767362. 10.3389\/fcell.2021.767362","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irab250","article-title":"Research progress on preparation, mechanism, and clinical application of nanofat","volume":"43","author":"Ding P","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ding P, Lu E, Li G, Sun Y, Yang W, Zhao Z. Research progress on preparation, mechanism, and clinical application of nanofat. J Burn Care Res. 2022, 43:1140-4. 10.1093\/jbcr\/irab250","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12134351","article-title":"Nanofat in plastic reconstructive, regenerative, and aesthetic surgery: a review of advancements in face-focused applications","volume":"12","author":"La Padula S","year":"2023","unstructured":"La Padula S, Ponzo M, Lombardi M, et al.. Nanofat in plastic reconstructive, regenerative, and aesthetic surgery: a review of advancements in face-focused applications. J Clin Med. 2023, 12:10.3390\/jcm12134351","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-3402767","article-title":"Fat grafting for facial rejuvenation","volume":"34","author":"Schultz KP","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schultz KP, Raghuram A, Davis MJ, Abu-Ghname A, Chamata E, Rohrich RJ. Fat grafting for facial rejuvenation. Semin Plast Surg. 2020, 34:30-7. 10.1055\/s-0039-3402767","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052410","article-title":"Applications of mesenchymal stem cells in skin regeneration and rejuvenation","volume":"22","author":"Jo H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jo H, Brito S, Kwak BM, Park S, Lee MG, Bin BH. Applications of mesenchymal stem cells in skin regeneration and rejuvenation. Int J Mol Sci. 2021, 22:10.3390\/ijms22052410","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v92i2.9687","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma use for facial rejuvenation: a clinical trial and review of current literature","volume":"92","author":"Banihashemi M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Banihashemi M, Zabolinejad N, Salehi M, Hamidi Alamdari D, Nakhaizadeh S. Platelet-rich plasma use for facial rejuvenation: a clinical trial and review of current literature. Acta Biomed. 2021, 92:e2021187. 10.23750\/abm.v92i2.9687","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.1301a50","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of platelet-rich fibrin matrix in the correction of periorbital wrinkles: an experimental clinical trial","volume":"13","author":"Mahmoodabadi RA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mahmoodabadi RA, Golafshan HA, Pezeshkian F, Shahriarirad R, Namazi MR. Evaluation of the effect of platelet-rich fibrin matrix in the correction of periorbital wrinkles: an experimental clinical trial. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2023, 13:10.5826\/dpc.1301a50","journal-title":"Dermatol Pract Concept"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26052354","article-title":"Effectiveness of extracellular vesicle application in skin aging treatment and regeneration: do we have enough evidence from clinical trials?","volume":"26","author":"Domaszewska-Szostek A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Domaszewska-Szostek A, Krzy\u017canowska M, Polak A, Puzianowska-Ku\u017anicka M. Effectiveness of extracellular vesicle application in skin aging treatment and regeneration: do we have enough evidence from clinical trials?. Int J Mol Sci. 2025, 26:10.3390\/ijms26052354","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2025.1559510","article-title":"Genetic profiling and precision skin care: a review","volume":"16","author":"Geusens B","year":"2025","unstructured":"Geusens B, Haykal D. Genetic profiling and precision skin care: a review. Front Genet. 2025, 16:1559510. 10.3389\/fgene.2025.1559510","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/7002918","article-title":"Role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of skin disorders: mechanisms, inhibitors of methylation-related enzyme, and molecular docking studies","volume":"2025","author":"Rani A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rani A, Kaur G, Kumar R, et al.. Role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of skin disorders: mechanisms, inhibitors of methylation-related enzyme, and molecular docking studies. Biomed Res Int. 2025, 2025:7002918. 10.1155\/bmri\/7002918","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bonekey.2016.24","article-title":"How to interpret epigenetic association studies: a guide for clinicians","volume":"5","author":"Riancho J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Riancho J, Del Real A, Riancho JA. How to interpret epigenetic association studies: a guide for clinicians. Bonekey Rep. 2016, 5:797. 10.1038\/bonekey.2016.24","journal-title":"Bonekey Rep"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.09.011","article-title":"Mapping human epigenomes","volume":"155","author":"Rivera CM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rivera CM, Ren B. Mapping human epigenomes. Cell. 2013, 155:39-55. 10.1016\/j.cell.2013.09.011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2011.01509.x","article-title":"Immunogenicity of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"16","author":"Schu S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schu S, Nosov M, O'Flynn L, et al.. Immunogenicity of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Mol Med. 2012, 16:2094-103. 10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2011.01509.x","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00243","article-title":"Editorial: safety, efficacy and mechanisms of action of mesenchymal stem cell therapies","volume":"11","author":"Moll G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moll G, Hoogduijn MJ, Ankrum JA. Editorial: safety, efficacy and mechanisms of action of mesenchymal stem cell therapies. Front Immunol. 2020, 11:243. 10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00243","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.65636","article-title":"Mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical applications of platelet-rich plasma in tendinopathy: a comprehensive review","volume":"16","author":"Kale P","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kale P, Patel H, Jaiswal AM. Mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical applications of platelet-rich plasma in tendinopathy: a comprehensive review. Cureus. 2024, 16:e65636. 10.7759\/cureus.65636","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119406792.ch1","article-title":"Platelet rich fibrin: a second-generation platelet concentrate","year":"2017","unstructured":"Platelet rich fibrin. a second-generation platelet concentrate. Platelet Rich Fibrin in Regenerative Dentistry: Biological Background and Clinical Indications. Miron RJ, Choukroun J (ed): John Wiley &amp; Sons, Hoboken, NJ; 2017. 10.1002\/9781119406792.ch1"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138920112800624292","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): surgical adjuvants, preparations for in situ regenerative medicine and tools for tissue engineering","volume":"13","author":"Bielecki T","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bielecki T, Dohan Ehrenfest DM. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): surgical adjuvants, preparations for in situ regenerative medicine and tools for tissue engineering. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2012, 13:1121-30. 10.2174\/138920112800624292","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41649-023-00267-0","article-title":"Ethical and regulatory gaps in aesthetic medical practice in top Asian medical tourism destinations","volume":"16","author":"Gopalan N","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gopalan N. Ethical and regulatory gaps in aesthetic medical practice in top Asian medical tourism destinations. Asian Bioeth Rev. 2024, 16:65-93. 10.1007\/s41649-023-00267-0","journal-title":"Asian Bioeth Rev"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/term.2683","article-title":"Four Food and Drug Administration draft guidance documents and the REGROW Act: a litmus test for future changes in human cell- and tissue-based products regulatory policy in the United States?","volume":"12","author":"Yano K","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yano K, Speidel AT, Yamato M. Four Food and Drug Administration draft guidance documents and the REGROW Act: a litmus test for future changes in human cell- and tissue-based products regulatory policy in the United States?. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2018, 12:1579-93. 10.1002\/term.2683","journal-title":"J Tissue Eng Regen Med"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16091334","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell therapies approved by regulatory agencies around the world","volume":"16","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Garza LE","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Garza LE, Barrera-Barrera SA, Barrera-Salda\u00f1a HA. Mesenchymal stem cell therapies approved by regulatory agencies around the world. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023, 16:10.3390\/ph16091334","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20150025","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stem cells - current trends and future prospective","volume":"35","author":"Ullah I","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ullah I, Subbarao RB, Rho GJ. Human mesenchymal stem cells - current trends and future prospective. Biosci Rep. 2015, 35:10.1042\/BSR20150025","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-016-0289-5","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treatment towards immune- and inflammation-mediated diseases: review of current clinical trials","volume":"23","author":"Wang LT","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang LT, Ting CH, Yen ML, Liu KJ, Sytwu HK, Wu KK, Yen BL. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treatment towards immune- and inflammation-mediated diseases: review of current clinical trials. J Biomed Sci. 2016, 23:76. 10.1186\/s12929-016-0289-5","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/rme-2022-0134","article-title":"Exosomes: the latest in regenerative aesthetics","volume":"18","author":"Vyas KS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vyas KS, Kaufman J, Munavalli GS, Robertson K, Behfar A, Wyles SP. Exosomes: the latest in regenerative aesthetics. Regen Med. 2023, 18:181-94. 10.2217\/rme-2022-0134","journal-title":"Regen Med"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjac149","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of topical platelet exosomes for skin rejuvenation: six-week results","volume":"42","author":"Proffer SL","year":"2022","unstructured":"Proffer SL, Paradise CR, DeGrazia E, et al.. Efficacy and tolerability of topical platelet exosomes for skin rejuvenation: six-week results. Aesthet Surg J. 2022, 42:1185-93. 10.1093\/asj\/sjac149","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25147794","article-title":"Clinical applications of exosomes: a critical review","volume":"25","author":"Lee KW","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee KW, Chan LK, Hung LC, Phoebe LK, Park Y, Yi KH. Clinical applications of exosomes: a critical review. Int J Mol Sci. 2024, 25:10.3390\/ijms25147794","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17020147","article-title":"Exosome source matters: a comprehensive review from the perspective of diverse cellular origins","volume":"17","author":"Chen Y","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen Y, Qi W, Wang Z, Niu F. Exosome source matters: a comprehensive review from the perspective of diverse cellular origins. Pharmaceutics. 2025, 17:10.3390\/pharmaceutics17020147","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"ref116","article-title":"Vivostat platelet-rich fibrin\u00ae for complicated or chronic wounds\u2014a pilot study","volume":"8 (8)","author":"Bayer A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bayer A, H\u00f6ntsch G, Kaschwich M, et al.. Vivostat platelet-rich fibrin\u00ae for complicated or chronic wounds\u2014a pilot study. Biomedicines. 2020,  8 (8):276.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.07.008","article-title":"Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second-generation platelet concentrate. Part I: technological concepts and evolution","volume":"101","author":"Dohan DM","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dohan DM, Choukroun J, Diss A, Dohan SL, Dohan AJ, Mouhyi J, Gogly B. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second-generation platelet concentrate. Part I: technological concepts and evolution. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006, 101:e37-44. 10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.07.008","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15030796","article-title":"Impact of APRF+ in combination with autogenous fibroblasts on release growth factors, collagen, and proliferation and migration of gingival fibroblasts: an in vitro study","volume":"15","author":"Stercza\u0142a B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stercza\u0142a B, Chwi\u0142kowska A, Szwedowicz U, Kobielarz M, Chwi\u0142kowski B, Dominiak M. Impact of APRF+ in combination with autogenous fibroblasts on release growth factors, collagen, and proliferation and migration of gingival fibroblasts: an in vitro study. Materials (Basel). 2022, 15:10.3390\/ma15030796","journal-title":"Materials (Basel)"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111553","article-title":"From blood to regenerative tissue: how autologous platelet-rich fibrin can be combined with other materials to ensure controlled drug and growth factor release","volume":"22","author":"Egle K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Egle K, Salma I, Dubnika A. From blood to regenerative tissue: how autologous platelet-rich fibrin can be combined with other materials to ensure controlled drug and growth factor release. Int J Mol Sci. 2021, 22:10.3390\/ijms222111553","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115795","article-title":"The role and mechanism of platelet-rich fibrin in alveolar bone regeneration","volume":"168","author":"Liu M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu M, Liu Y, Luo F. The role and mechanism of platelet-rich fibrin in alveolar bone regeneration. Biomed Pharmacother. 2023, 168:115795. 10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115795","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47040239","article-title":"The role of injectable platelet-rich fibrin in orthopedics: where do we stand?","volume":"47","author":"Costa FR","year":"2025","unstructured":"Costa FR, de Souza SA, Martins RA, et al.. The role of injectable platelet-rich fibrin in orthopedics: where do we stand?. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2025, 47:10.3390\/cimb47040239","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/tdj.tdj_26_24","article-title":"Growth factor-enhanced matrix combined either with free connective tissue graft or with collagen membrane in the treatment of Miller class II gingival recession","volume":"21 (3)","author":"El Serafy MEH","year":"2024","unstructured":"El Serafy MEH, Razzak MYAE, Shoukheba MYM, et al.. Growth factor-enhanced matrix combined either with free connective tissue graft or with collagen membrane in the treatment of Miller class II gingival recession. Tanta Dent J. 2024, 21 (3):302-11. 10.4103\/tdj.tdj_26_24","journal-title":"Tanta Dent J"},{"key":"ref123","unstructured":"Renuva\u00ae. our tissues &amp; products. (2025). Accessed: October 31, 2025: https:\/\/www.mtfbiologics.org\/our-products\/detail\/renuva."},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12141396","article-title":"Body perceptions and psychological well-being: a review of the impact of social media and physical measurements on self-esteem and mental health with a focus on body image satisfaction and its relationship with cultural and gender factors","volume":"12","author":"Merino M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Merino M, Tornero-Aguilera JF, Rubio-Zarapuz A, Villanueva-Tobaldo CV, Mart\u00edn-Rodr\u00edguez A, Clemente-Su\u00e1rez VJ. Body perceptions and psychological well-being: a review of the impact of social media and physical measurements on self-esteem and mental health with a focus on body image satisfaction and its relationship with cultural and gender factors. Healthcare (Basel). 2024, 12:10.3390\/healthcare12141396","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14101303","article-title":"Future perspective: harnessing the power of artificial intelligence in the generation of new peptide drugs","volume":"14","author":"Nissan N","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nissan N, Allen MC, Sabatino D, Biggar KK. Future perspective: harnessing the power of artificial intelligence in the generation of new peptide drugs. Biomolecules. 2024, 14:10.3390\/biom14101303","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1527854","article-title":"Advances in regenerative medicine-based approaches for skin regeneration and rejuvenation","volume":"13","author":"Dutra Alves NS","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dutra Alves NS, Reigado GR, Santos M, et al.. Advances in regenerative medicine-based approaches for skin regeneration and rejuvenation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2025, 13:1527854. 10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1527854","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/513784-a-layered-framework-for-biological-aesthetics-a-narrative-review-of-regenerative-medicine-in-cosmetic-science","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T03:19:12Z","timestamp":1788405552000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/513784-a-layered-framework-for-biological-aesthetics-a-narrative-review-of-regenerative-medicine-in-cosmetic-science"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"references-count":126,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.115688","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]}}}