{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T15:20:53Z","timestamp":1788535253035,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.115776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T14:47:30Z","timestamp":1788533250000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First Aid Interventions for Intentional Caustic Chemical Assaults in Adults and Children: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Jen Heng","family":"Pek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan P","family":"Charlton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phuong Thao","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Therese","family":"Dj\u00e4rv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Kule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Acid Survivors Trust International. (2025). Accessed. March 1, 2026: https:\/\/asti.org.uk\/."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.63952","article-title":"The acute management of acid assault burns: a pragmatic approach","volume":"43","author":"Burd A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Burd A, Ahmed K. The acute management of acid assault burns: a pragmatic approach. Indian J Plast Surg. 2010, 43:29-33. 10.4103\/0970-0358.63952","journal-title":"Indian J Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j3640","article-title":"Attacks with corrosive substances are increasing in UK","volume":"358","author":"Grundlingh J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grundlingh J, Payne J, Hassan T. Attacks with corrosive substances are increasing in UK. BMJ. 2017, 358:j3640. 10.1136\/bmj.j3640","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2006.05.002","article-title":"Cases of chemical assault worldwide: a literature review","volume":"33","author":"Mannan A","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mannan A, Ghani S, Clarke A, Butler PE. Cases of chemical assault worldwide: a literature review. Burns. 2007, 33:149-54. 10.1016\/j.burns.2006.05.002","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003","article-title":"Corrosive attacks in the UK - psychosocial perspectives and decontamination strategies","volume":"46","author":"Lewis CJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lewis CJ, Hodgkinson EL, Allison KP. Corrosive attacks in the UK - psychosocial perspectives and decontamination strategies. Burns. 2020, 46:213-8. 10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23860\/dignity.2021.06.01.05","article-title":"Acid attacks in India: a socio-legal report","volume":"6","author":"Kumar V","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar V. Acid attacks in India: a socio-legal report. Dignity. 2021, 6:5. 10.23860\/dignity.2021.06.01.05","journal-title":"Dignity"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Mubashar, L Wasay MM. Acid attacks: Pakistan's worst social epidemic. (2023). Accessed: March 1, 2026: https:\/\/pulitzercenter.org\/stories\/acid-attacks-pakistans-worst-social-epidemic."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2011.09.014","article-title":"Chemical burns--an historical comparison and review of the literature","volume":"38","author":"Hardwicke J","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hardwicke J, Hunter T, Staruch R, Moiemen N. Chemical burns--an historical comparison and review of the literature. Burns. 2012, 38:383-7. 10.1016\/j.burns.2011.09.014","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3980\/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.01.28","article-title":"Treatment of hydrofluoric acid exposure to the eye","volume":"8","author":"Atley K","year":"2015","unstructured":"Atley K, Ridyard E. Treatment of hydrofluoric acid exposure to the eye. Int J Ophthalmol. 2015, 8:157-61. 10.3980\/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.01.28","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2005.08.027","article-title":"Psychosocial outcomes derived from an acid burned population in Bangladesh, and comparison with Western norms","volume":"32","author":"Mannan A","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mannan A, Ghani S, Clarke A, White P, Salmanta S, Butler PE. Psychosocial outcomes derived from an acid burned population in Bangladesh, and comparison with Western norms. Burns. 2006, 32:235-41. 10.1016\/j.burns.2005.08.027","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2009.10.020","article-title":"Chemical assault and skin\/eye burns: two representative cases, report from the Acid Survivors Foundation, and literature review","volume":"36","author":"Milton R","year":"2010","unstructured":"Milton R, Mathieu L, Hall AH, Maibach HI. Chemical assault and skin\/eye burns: two representative cases, report from the Acid Survivors Foundation, and literature review. Burns. 2010, 36:924-32. 10.1016\/j.burns.2009.10.020","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2009.07.009","article-title":"Chemical burns: pathophysiology and treatment","volume":"36","author":"Palao R","year":"2010","unstructured":"Palao R, Monge I, Ruiz M, Barret JP. Chemical burns: pathophysiology and treatment. Burns. 2010, 36:295-304. 10.1016\/j.burns.2009.07.009","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2022.05.006","article-title":"Chemical burn to the skin: a systematic review of first aid impacts on clinical outcomes","volume":"48","author":"Chai H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chai H, Chaudhari N, Kornhaber R, Cuttle L, Fear M, Wood F, Martin L. Chemical burn to the skin: a systematic review of first aid impacts on clinical outcomes. Burns. 2022, 48:1527-43. 10.1016\/j.burns.2022.05.006","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198205000-00013","article-title":"Chemical burns: effect of prompt first aid","volume":"22","author":"Leonard LG","year":"1982","unstructured":"Leonard LG, Scheulen JJ, Munster AM. Chemical burns: effect of prompt first aid. J Trauma. 1982, 22:420-3. 10.1097\/00005373-198205000-00013","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"ILCOR. Science Advisory Committee guidance and templates. (2025). Accessed: March 1, 2026: https:\/\/ilcor.org\/documents\/continuous-evidence-evaluation-guidance-and-templates."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000890","article-title":"Executive Summary: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations","volume":"142","author":"Nolan JP","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nolan JP, Maconochie I, Soar J, et al.. Executive Summary: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. 2020, 142:S2-S27. 10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000890","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco AC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, et al.. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018, 169:467-73. 10.7326\/M18-0850","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"Kule A, Pek JH, Charlton NP, Nguyen P, Djarv T. On behalf of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation First Aid Task Force. First aid interventions for a caustic agent attack in adults and children: task force synthesis of a scoping review [Internet]. Brussels, Belgium: International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) First Aid Task Force. (2026). Accessed: April 9, 2026: https:\/\/costr.ilcor.org\/document\/fa-7445-first-aid-interventions-for-a-caustic-agent-attack-in-adults-and-children-fa...."},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Covidence Systematic Review Software","author":"Veritas Health Innovation","year":"2025","unstructured":"Veritas Health Innovation. Covidence Systematic Review Software. Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, Australia; 2025."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.06.038","article-title":"Vitriolage by sulfuric acid: unique challenges and considerations in patient resuscitation","volume":"59","author":"D'Alessandro AD","year":"2020","unstructured":"D'Alessandro AD, Sikon JR, Lacy AJ, Smith AT, Shah KS. Vitriolage by sulfuric acid: unique challenges and considerations in patient resuscitation. J Emerg Med. 2020, 59:e123-6. 10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.06.038","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2014.08.003","article-title":"Management of acid burns: experience from Bangladesh","volume":"41","author":"Das KK","year":"2015","unstructured":"Das KK, Olga L, Peck M, Morselli PG, Salek AJ. Management of acid burns: experience from Bangladesh. Burns. 2015, 41:484-92. 10.1016\/j.burns.2014.08.003","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12539","article-title":"Assault cases involving ammoniumhydroxide - a series of 19 eye alkali eye injuries","volume":"93","author":"Kessel L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kessel L, Lindegaard J, Boberg-Ans G, Heegaard S, Julian HO. Assault cases involving ammoniumhydroxide - a series of 19 eye alkali eye injuries. Acta Ophthalmol. 2015, 93:e230-1. 10.1111\/aos.12539","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2015.03.059","article-title":"A case of chemical assault in Hong Kong (case report)","volume":"10","author":"Leung BC","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leung BC, Burd A. A case of chemical assault in Hong Kong (case report). Int J Surg Case Rep. 2015, 10:223-7. 10.1016\/j.ijscr.2015.03.059","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2004.09.001","article-title":"Alkali ocular burns in Martinique (French West Indies) evaluation of the use of an amphoteric solution as the rinsing product","volume":"31","author":"Merle H","year":"2005","unstructured":"Merle H, Donnio A, Ayeboua L, et al.. Alkali ocular burns in Martinique (French West Indies) evaluation of the use of an amphoteric solution as the rinsing product. Burns. 2005, 31:205-11. 10.1016\/j.burns.2004.09.001","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burnso.2025.100412","article-title":"Unmasking the silent threat: deep tissue impacts of chemical burns - a case report","volume":"11","author":"S.G S","year":"2025","unstructured":"S.G S, Johar FM, Halim AS, Sulaiman WAW. Unmasking the silent threat: deep tissue impacts of chemical burns - a case report. Burns Open. 2025, 11:100412. 10.1016\/j.burnso.2025.100412","journal-title":"Burns Open"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.09.017","article-title":"Using PROGRESS-plus to identify current approaches to the collection and reporting of equity-relevant data: a scoping review","volume":"163","author":"Karran EL","year":"2023","unstructured":"Karran EL, Cashin AG, Barker T, et al.. Using PROGRESS-plus to identify current approaches to the collection and reporting of equity-relevant data: a scoping review. J Clin Epidemiol. 2023, 163:70-8. 10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.09.017","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.08.005","article-title":"Applying an equity lens to interventions: using PROGRESS ensures consideration of socially stratifying factors to illuminate inequities in health","volume":"67","author":"O'Neill J","year":"2014","unstructured":"O'Neill J, Tabish H, Welch V, et al.. Applying an equity lens to interventions: using PROGRESS ensures consideration of socially stratifying factors to illuminate inequities in health. J Clin Epidemiol. 2014, 67:56-64. 10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.08.005","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. First aid procedures. (2018). Accessed: March 1, 2026: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/npg\/firstaid.html."},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"Mayo Clinic Staff. Chemical burns: First aid. (2024). Accessed: March 1, 2026: https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/first-aid\/first-aid-chemical-burns\/basics\/art-20056667."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15569520600695520","article-title":"Water decontamination of chemical skin\/eye splashes: a critical review","volume":"25","author":"Hall AH","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hall AH, Maibach HI. Water decontamination of chemical skin\/eye splashes: a critical review. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2006, 25:67-83. 10.1080\/15569520600695520","journal-title":"Cutan Ocul Toxicol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2024.07.003","article-title":"Evaluation of emergency skin decontamination protocols in response to an acid attack (vitreolage)","volume":"50","author":"Matar H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Matar H, Vuddanda PR, Chilcott RP. Evaluation of emergency skin decontamination protocols in response to an acid attack (vitreolage). Burns. 2024, 50:1968-76. 10.1016\/j.burns.2024.07.003","journal-title":"Burns"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/474653-first-aid-interventions-for-intentional-caustic-chemical-assaults-in-adults-and-children-a-scoping-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T14:47:39Z","timestamp":1788533259000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/474653-first-aid-interventions-for-intentional-caustic-chemical-assaults-in-adults-and-children-a-scoping-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"references-count":31,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.115776","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]}}}