{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:59:40Z","timestamp":1790665180340,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.117117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:16:26Z","timestamp":1790662586000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations Among Glycemic Variability, Hypomagnesemia, Thyroid Function, and Albuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Shoaib","family":"Asghar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kashif","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Nisar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameera","family":"Aftab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabia","family":"Qadeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11491116","article-title":"Diabetic kidney disease: challenges, progress, and possibilities","volume":"12","author":"Alicic RZ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alicic RZ, Rooney MT, Tuttle KR. Diabetic kidney disease: challenges, progress, and possibilities. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017, 12:2032-45. 10.2215\/CJN.11491116","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1497449","article-title":"Diabetic nephropathy: challenges in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"2021","author":"Samsu N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Samsu N. Diabetic nephropathy: challenges in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Biomed Res Int. 2021, 2021:1497449. 10.1155\/2021\/1497449","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci19-0028","article-title":"Clinical targets for continuous glucose monitoring data interpretation: recommendations from the International Consensus on Time in Range","volume":"42","author":"Battelino T","year":"2019","unstructured":"Battelino T, Danne T, Bergenstal RM, et al.. Clinical targets for continuous glucose monitoring data interpretation: recommendations from the International Consensus on Time in Range. Diabetes Care. 2019, 42:1593-603. 10.2337\/dci19-0028","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/kjm2.70221","article-title":"Correlations among glycemia and glucose variability, thyroid hormones, and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","author":"Luo N","year":"2026","unstructured":"Luo N, Feng SY, Chen H, et al.. Correlations among glycemia and glucose variability, thyroid hormones, and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2026, e70221. 10.1002\/kjm2.70221","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02960906","article-title":"Hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"2","author":"Pham PC","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pham PC, Pham PM, Pham SV, Miller JM, Pham PT. Hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007, 2:366-73. 10.2215\/CJN.02960906","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.103020","article-title":"Hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"16","author":"Dasgupta A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dasgupta A, Sarma D, Saikia UK. Hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012, 16:1000-3. 10.4103\/2230-8210.103020","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i10.1152","article-title":"Magnesium and type 2 diabetes","volume":"6","author":"Barbagallo M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ. Magnesium and type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes. 2015, 6:1152-7. 10.4239\/wjd.v6.i10.1152","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2007.02270.x","article-title":"Subclinical hypothyroidism is a risk factor for nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"24","author":"Chen HS","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen HS, Wu TE, Jap TS, Lu RA, Wang ML, Chen RL, Lin HD. Subclinical hypothyroidism is a risk factor for nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabet Med. 2007, 24:1336-44. 10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2007.02270.x","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.12318","article-title":"Prevalence of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"12","author":"Sana MA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sana MA, Chaudhry M, Malik A, Iqbal N, Zakiuddin A, Abdullah M. Prevalence of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cureus. 2020, 12:e12318. 10.7759\/cureus.12318","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2017.0455","article-title":"Optimal sampling duration for continuous glucose monitoring to determine long-term glycemic control","volume":"20","author":"Riddlesworth TD","year":"2018","unstructured":"Riddlesworth TD, Beck RW, Gal RL, Connor CG, Bergenstal RM, Lee S, Willi SM. Optimal sampling duration for continuous glucose monitoring to determine long-term glycemic control. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2018, 20:314-6. 10.1089\/dia.2017.0455","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2020-001923","article-title":"Associations between continuous glucose monitoring-derived metrics and diabetic retinopathy and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Wakasugi S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wakasugi S, Mita T, Katakami N, et al.. Associations between continuous glucose monitoring-derived metrics and diabetic retinopathy and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2021, 9:e001923. 10.1136\/bmjdrc-2020-001923","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2855","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring versus usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving multiple daily insulin injections: a randomized trial","volume":"167","author":"Beck RW","year":"2017","unstructured":"Beck RW, Riddlesworth TD, Ruedy K, et al.. Continuous glucose monitoring versus usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving multiple daily insulin injections: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2017, 167:365-74. 10.7326\/M16-2855","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/EP161392.CS","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring: a consensus conference of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology","volume":"22","author":"Fonseca VA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fonseca VA, Grunberger G, Anhalt H, et al.. Continuous glucose monitoring: a consensus conference of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology. Endocr Pract. 2016, 22:1008-21. 10.4158\/EP161392.CS","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1600","article-title":"International consensus on use of continuous glucose monitoring","volume":"40","author":"Danne T","year":"2017","unstructured":"Danne T, Nimri R, Battelino T, et al.. International consensus on use of continuous glucose monitoring. Diabetes Care. 2017, 40:1631-40. 10.2337\/dc17-1600","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7258.405","article-title":"Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study","volume":"321","author":"Stratton IM","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, et al.. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ. 2000, 321:405-12. 10.1136\/bmj.321.7258.405","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"The relationship of glycemic exposure (HbA1c) to the risk of development and progression of retinopathy in the diabetes control and complications trial","volume":"44","year":"1995","unstructured":"The relationship of glycemic exposure (HbA1c) to the risk of development and progression of retinopathy in the diabetes control and complications trial. Diabetes. 1995, 44.968-83.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and magnesium [Article in Japanese]","volume":"15","author":"Yokota K","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yokota K. Diabetes mellitus and magnesium [Article in Japanese]. Clin Calcium. 2005, 15:203-12.","journal-title":"Clin Calcium"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2005.tb07007.x","article-title":"A potential link between magnesium intake and diabetes in Indigenous Australians","volume":"183","author":"Longstreet DA","year":"2005","unstructured":"Longstreet DA, Heath DL, Vink R. A potential link between magnesium intake and diabetes in Indigenous Australians. Med J Aust. 2005, 183:219-20. 10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2005.tb07007.x","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.331","article-title":"Results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study suggest that low serum magnesium is associated with incident kidney disease","volume":"87","author":"Tin A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tin A, Grams ME, Maruthur NM, et al.. Results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study suggest that low serum magnesium is associated with incident kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2015, 87:820-7. 10.1038\/ki.2014.331","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2003.10719332","article-title":"The association between magnesium intake and fasting insulin concentration in healthy middle-aged women","volume":"22","author":"Fung TT","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fung TT, Manson JE, Solomon CG, Liu S, Willett WC, Hu FB. The association between magnesium intake and fasting insulin concentration in healthy middle-aged women. J Am Coll Nutr. 2003, 22:533-8. 10.1080\/07315724.2003.10719332","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4021\/jocmr2010.03.281w","article-title":"Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among Greek type 2 diabetic patients attending an outpatient clinic","volume":"2","author":"Papazafiropoulou A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Papazafiropoulou A, Sotiropoulos A, Kokolaki A, Kardara M, Stamataki P, Pappas S. Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among Greek type 2 diabetic patients attending an outpatient clinic. J Clin Med Res. 2010, 2:75-8. 10.4021\/jocmr2010.03.281w","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-016-9395-7","article-title":"Thyroid dysfunction and kidney disease: an update","volume":"18","author":"Iglesias P","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iglesias P, Bajo MA, Selgas R, D\u00edez JJ. Thyroid dysfunction and kidney disease: an update. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2017, 18:131-44. 10.1007\/s11154-016-9395-7","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/204893","article-title":"Free triiodothyronine levels are associated with diabetic nephropathy in euthyroid patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"2015","author":"Wu J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu J, Li X, Tao Y, Wang Y, Peng Y. Free triiodothyronine levels are associated with diabetic nephropathy in euthyroid patients with type 2 diabetes. Int J Endocrinol. 2015, 2015:204893. 10.1155\/2015\/204893","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07435800.2011.640374","article-title":"Thyrotropin as an independent factor of renal function and chronic kidney disease in normoglycemic euthyroid adults","volume":"37","author":"Sun MT","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sun MT, Hsiao FC, Su SC, Pei D, Hung YJ. Thyrotropin as an independent factor of renal function and chronic kidney disease in normoglycemic euthyroid adults. Endocr Res. 2012, 37:110-6. 10.3109\/07435800.2011.640374","journal-title":"Endocr Res"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4798947","article-title":"Thyroid parameters and kidney disorder in type 2 diabetes: results from the METAL study","volume":"2020","author":"Chen Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen Y, Zhang W, Wang N, Wang Y, Wang C, Wan H, Lu Y. Thyroid parameters and kidney disorder in type 2 diabetes: results from the METAL study. J Diabetes Res. 2020, 2020:4798947. 10.1155\/2020\/4798947","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S347862","article-title":"The correlation between thyroid hormone levels and the kidney disease progression risk in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Yang Z","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang Z, Duan P, Li W, et al.. The correlation between thyroid hormone levels and the kidney disease progression risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2022, 15:59-67. 10.2147\/DMSO.S347862","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-024-01699-x","article-title":"Correlation of serum thyrotropin and thyroid hormone levels with diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study","volume":"24","author":"Gao J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao J, Liu J. Correlation of serum thyrotropin and thyroid hormone levels with diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2024, 24:170. 10.1186\/s12902-024-01699-x","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00163","article-title":"Thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus: two closely associated disorders","volume":"40","author":"Biondi B","year":"2019","unstructured":"Biondi B, Kahaly GJ, Robertson RP. Thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus: two closely associated disorders. Endocr Rev. 2019, 40:789-824. 10.1210\/er.2018-00163","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1674977","article-title":"Association between thyroid hormones and diabetic kidney disease in euthyroid type 2 diabetes mellitus patients","volume":"17","author":"Liu J","year":"2026","unstructured":"Liu J, Jiang W, Liang J, et al.. Association between thyroid hormones and diabetic kidney disease in euthyroid type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2026, 17:1674977. 10.3389\/fendo.2026.1674977","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-88806-7","article-title":"The role of advanced glycation end products between thyroid function and diabetic nephropathy and metabolic disorders","volume":"15","author":"Zhang Y","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wang Y, Kang Q, et al.. The role of advanced glycation end products between thyroid function and diabetic nephropathy and metabolic disorders. Sci Rep. 2025, 15:7202. 10.1038\/s41598-025-88806-7","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/502679-associations-among-glycemic-variability-hypomagnesemia-thyroid-function-and-albuminuria-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-a-cross-sectional-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:16:28Z","timestamp":1790662588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/502679-associations-among-glycemic-variability-hypomagnesemia-thyroid-function-and-albuminuria-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-a-cross-sectional-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.117117","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]}}}