{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:47:01Z","timestamp":1777373221162,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.12161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,19]],"date-time":"2020-12-19T06:11:20Z","timestamp":1608358280000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cytomegalovirus-Associated Venous and Arterial Thrombotic Disease"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Amar H","family":"Kelkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian L","family":"Loc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael D","family":"Tarantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Rajasekhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huaping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Kelkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Farrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-007-0066-x","article-title":"The history of cytomegalovirus and its diseases","volume":"197","author":"Ho M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ho M. The history of cytomegalovirus and its diseases. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2008, 197:65-73. 10.1007\/s00430-007-0066-x","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2020.07.013","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus as an immunomodulator across the lifespan","volume":"44","author":"Semmes EC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Semmes EC, Hurst JH, Walsh KM, Permar SR. Cytomegalovirus as an immunomodulator across the lifespan. Curr Opin Virol. 2020, 44:112-120. 10.1016\/j.coviro.2020.07.013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semvascsurg.2010.05.006","article-title":"What is the optimal duration of treatment for DVT? An update on evidence-based medicine of treatment for DVT","volume":"23","author":"East AT","year":"2010","unstructured":"East AT, Wakefield TW. What is the optimal duration of treatment for DVT? An update on evidence-based medicine of treatment for DVT. Semin Vasc Surg. 2010, 23:182-191. 10.1053\/j.semvascsurg.2010.05.006","journal-title":"Semin Vasc Surg"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.09.015","article-title":"Is infection an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism? A population-based, case-control study","volume":"131","author":"Cohoon KP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cohoon KP, Ashrani AA, Crusan DJ, Petterson TM, Bailey KR, Heit JA. Is infection an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism? A population-based, case-control study. Am J Med. 2018, 131:307-316. 10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.09.015","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2450\/2010.0066-10","article-title":"Risk factors for venous and arterial thrombosis","volume":"9","author":"Previtali E","year":"2011","unstructured":"Previtali E, Bucciarelli P, Passamonti SM, Martinelli I. Risk factors for venous and arterial thrombosis. Blood Transfus. 2011, 9:120-138. 10.2450\/2010.0066-10","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-013-1715-3","article-title":"Thrombosis following acute cytomegalovirus infection: a community prospective study","volume":"92","author":"Paran Y","year":"2013","unstructured":"Paran Y, Shalev V, Steinvil A, et al.. Thrombosis following acute cytomegalovirus infection: a community prospective study. Ann Hematol. 2013, 92:969-974. 10.1007\/s00277-013-1715-3","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2015.11.026","article-title":"Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: CHEST guideline and expert panel report","volume":"149","author":"Kearon C","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, et al.. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest. 2016, 149:315-352. 10.1016\/j.chest.2015.11.026","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000009336","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism related to cytomegalovirus infection: a case report and literature review","volume":"96","author":"Kelkar AH","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kelkar AH, Jacob KS, Yousif EB, Farrell JJ. Venous thromboembolism related to cytomegalovirus infection: a case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017, 96:9336. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000009336","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000134","article-title":"2014 AHA\/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"130","author":"Amsterdam EA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, et al.. 2014 AHA\/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014, 130:344-426. 10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000134","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000029","article-title":"2014 AHA\/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"129","author":"Nishimura RA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al.. 2014 AHA\/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014, 129:2440-2492. 10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000029","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.003759","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus-productive infection is associated with acute coronary syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Nikitskaya E","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nikitskaya E, Lebedeva A, Ivanova O, et al.. Cytomegalovirus-productive infection is associated with acute coronary syndrome. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016, 5:003759. 10.1161\/JAHA.116.003759","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH04-08-0523","article-title":"Effects of human cytomegalovirus infection on the coagulation system","volume":"93","author":"Squizzato A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Squizzato A, Gerdes VE, B\u00fcller HR. Effects of human cytomegalovirus infection on the coagulation system. Thromb Haemost. 2005, 93:403-410. 10.1160\/TH04-08-0523","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-011-1334-9","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus infection is associated with venous thromboembolism of immunocompetent adults--a case-control study","volume":"91","author":"Schimanski S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schimanski S, Linnemann B, Luxembourg B, Seifried E, Jilg W, Lindhoff-Last E, Schambeck CM. Cytomegalovirus infection is associated with venous thromboembolism of immunocompetent adults--a case-control study. Ann Hematol. 2012, 91:597-604. 10.1007\/s00277-011-1334-9","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2010.09.006","article-title":"Incidence of cytomegalovirus-associated thrombosis and its risk factors: a case-control study","volume":"126","author":"Atzmony L","year":"2010","unstructured":"Atzmony L, Halutz O, Avidor B, et al.. Incidence of cytomegalovirus-associated thrombosis and its risk factors: a case-control study. Thromb Res. 2010, 126:439-443. 10.1016\/j.thromres.2010.09.006","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2010.11.006","article-title":"Thrombosis associated with acute cytomegalovirus infection: a meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Justo D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Justo D, Finn T, Atzmony L, Guy N, Steinvil A. Thrombosis associated with acute cytomegalovirus infection: a meta-analysis. Eur J Intern Med. 2011, 22:195-199. 10.1016\/j.ejim.2010.11.006","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus infection in acute myocardial infarction. Is there a causative relationship?","volume":"59","author":"Gabrylewicz B","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gabrylewicz B, Mazurek U, Ocha\u0142a A, et al.. Cytomegalovirus infection in acute myocardial infarction. Is there a causative relationship?. Kardiol Pol. 2003, 59:283-292.","journal-title":"Kardiol Pol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0008-6363(01)00269-3","article-title":"Effect of cytomegalovirus immediate early gene products on endothelial cell gene activity","volume":"50","author":"Guetta E","year":"2001","unstructured":"Guetta E, Scarpati EM, DiCorleto PE. Effect of cytomegalovirus immediate early gene products on endothelial cell gene activity. Cardiovasc Res. 2001, 50:538-546. 10.1016\/s0008-6363(01)00269-3","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0008-6363(01)00300-5","article-title":"CMV endothelitis as a factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis","volume":"50","author":"Levi M","year":"2001","unstructured":"Levi M. CMV endothelitis as a factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res. 2001, 50:432-433. 10.1016\/s0008-6363(01)00300-5","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23354","article-title":"Review: viral infections and mechanisms of thrombosis and bleeding","volume":"84","author":"Goeijenbier M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Goeijenbier M, van Wissen M, van de Weg C, et al.. Review: viral infections and mechanisms of thrombosis and bleeding. J Med Virol. 2012, 84:1680-1696. 10.1002\/jmv.23354","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.11.3749.bloodjournal84113749","article-title":"Prothrombinase assembly on an enveloped virus: evidence that the cytomegalovirus surface contains procoagulant phospholipid","volume":"84","author":"Pryzdial EL","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pryzdial EL, Wright JF. Prothrombinase assembly on an enveloped virus: evidence that the cytomegalovirus surface contains procoagulant phospholipid. Blood. 1994, 84:3749-3757.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0966-3274(97)80050-0","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus infection induces anti-endothelial cell antibodies in cardiac and renal allograft recipients","volume":"5","author":"Toyoda M","year":"1997","unstructured":"Toyoda M, Galfayan K, Galera OA, Petrosian A, Czer LS, Jordan SC. Cytomegalovirus infection induces anti-endothelial cell antibodies in cardiac and renal allograft recipients. Transpl Immunol. 1997, 5:104-111. 10.1016\/s0966-3274(97)80050-0","journal-title":"Transpl Immunol"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Procoagulant activity of endothelial cells after infection with respiratory viruses","volume":"84","author":"Visseren FL","year":"2000","unstructured":"Visseren FL, Bouwman JJ, Bouter KP, Diepersloot RJ, de Groot PH, Erkelens DW. Procoagulant activity of endothelial cells after infection with respiratory viruses. Thromb Haemost. 2000, 84:319-324.","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.28303","article-title":"Viral infections and antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"31","author":"Uthman IW","year":"2002","unstructured":"Uthman IW, Gharavi AE. Viral infections and antiphospholipid antibodies. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2002, 31:256-263. 10.1053\/sarh.2002.28303","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10130","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies induced in mice by immunization with a cytomegalovirus-derived peptide cause thrombosis and activation of endothelial cells in vivo","volume":"46","author":"Gharavi AE","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gharavi AE, Pierangeli SS, Espinola RG, Liu X, Colden-Stanfield M, Harris EN. Antiphospholipid antibodies induced in mice by immunization with a cytomegalovirus-derived peptide cause thrombosis and activation of endothelial cells in vivo. Arthritis Rheum. 2002, 46:545-552. 10.1002\/art.10130","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-03-378646","article-title":"The significance of autoantibodies against \u03b22-glycoprotein I","volume":"120","author":"de Groot PG","year":"2012","unstructured":"de Groot PG, Urbanus RT. The significance of autoantibodies against \u03b22-glycoprotein I. Blood. 2012, 120:266-274. 10.1182\/blood-2012-03-378646","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203306lu2315oa","article-title":"A peptide that mimics the Vth region of beta-2-glycoprotein I reverses antiphospholipid-mediated thrombosis in mice","volume":"15","author":"Ostertag MV","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ostertag MV, Liu X, Henderson V, Pierangeli SS. A peptide that mimics the Vth region of beta-2-glycoprotein I reverses antiphospholipid-mediated thrombosis in mice. Lupus. 2006, 15:358-365. 10.1191\/0961203306lu2315oa","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2006.03.031","article-title":"Acute cytomegalovirus infection and venous thrombosis: role of antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"54","author":"Delbos V","year":"2007","unstructured":"Delbos V, Abgueguen P, Chennebault JM, Fanello S, Pichard E. Acute cytomegalovirus infection and venous thrombosis: role of antiphospholipid antibodies. J Infect. 2007, 54:47-50. 10.1016\/j.jinf.2006.03.031","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/271548","article-title":"Transient antiphospholipid syndrome associated with primary cytomegalovirus infection: a case report and literature review","volume":"2014","author":"Nakayama T","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nakayama T, Akahoshi M, Irino K, et al.. Transient antiphospholipid syndrome associated with primary cytomegalovirus infection: a case report and literature review. Case Rep Rheumatol. 2014, 2014:271548. 10.1155\/2014\/271548","journal-title":"Case Rep Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(91)90106-7","article-title":"Cofactor dependent and cofactor independent anticardiolipin antibodies","volume":"61","author":"Chamley LW","year":"1991","unstructured":"Chamley LW, McKay EJ, Pattison NS. Cofactor dependent and cofactor independent anticardiolipin antibodies. Thromb Res. 1991, 61:291-299. 10.1016\/0049-3848(91)90106-7","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68474-2","article-title":"Risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after acute infection in a community setting","volume":"367","author":"Smeeth L","year":"2006","unstructured":"Smeeth L, Cook C, Thomas S, Hall AJ, Hubbard R, Vallance P. Risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after acute infection in a community setting. Lancet. 2006, 367:1075-1079. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68474-2","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/46207-cytomegalovirus-associated-venous-and-arterial-thrombotic-disease","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:25:06Z","timestamp":1707506706000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/46207-cytomegalovirus-associated-venous-and-arterial-thrombotic-disease"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.12161","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]]}}}