{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:31:18Z","timestamp":1790188278434,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.14934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T15:38:17Z","timestamp":1620661097000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia: Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Outcomes in a Tertiary Care Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Sarah A","family":"Alhunaif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Almansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raghad","family":"Almutairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamia","family":"Alkhonain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassam","family":"Alalwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameera","family":"Aljohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Alsaedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Bosaeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Alothman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1801-3","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and management of MRSA bacteremia across patient populations-a review of recent developments in MRSA management and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Hassoun A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hassoun A, Linden PK, Friedman B. Incidence, prevalence, and management of MRSA bacteremia across patient populations-a review of recent developments in MRSA management and treatment. Crit Care. 2017, 21:211. 10.1186\/s13054-017-1801-3","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ808","article-title":"Combination of vancomycin and \u03b2-lactam therapy for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a pilot multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"62","author":"Davis JS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Davis JS, Sud A, O'Sullivan MVN, et al.. Combination of vancomycin and \u03b2-lactam therapy for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a pilot multicenter randomized controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2016, 62:173-80. 10.1093\/cid\/civ808","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/598189","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management strategies","volume":"48 Suppl 4","author":"Naber CK","year":"2009","unstructured":"Naber CK. Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management strategies. Clin Infect Dis. 2009, 48 Suppl 4:S231-7. 10.1086\/598189","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-5-2","article-title":"Laboratory-based surveillance of current antimicrobial resistance patterns and trends among Staphylococcus aureus: 2005 status in the United States","volume":"5","author":"Styers D","year":"2006","unstructured":"Styers D, Sheehan DJ, Hogan P, Sahm DF. Laboratory-based surveillance of current antimicrobial resistance patterns and trends among Staphylococcus aureus: 2005 status in the United States. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2006, 5:2. 10.1186\/1476-0711-5-2","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.050971-0","article-title":"Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from different clinical specimens of inpatients at a teaching hospital in Shanghai between 2005 and 2010","volume":"62","author":"Song Y","year":"2013","unstructured":"Song Y, Du X, Li T, Zhu Y, Li M. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from different clinical specimens of inpatients at a teaching hospital in Shanghai between 2005 and 2010. J Med Microbiol. 2013, 62:274-82. 10.1099\/jmm.0.050971-0","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/320184","article-title":"Survey of infections due to Staphylococcus species: frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates collected in the United States, Canada, Latin America, Europe, and the Western Pacific region for the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997-1999","volume":"32 Suppl 2","author":"Diekema DJ","year":"2001","unstructured":"Diekema DJ, Pfaller MA, Schmitz FJ, Smayevsky J, Bell J, Jones RN, Beach M. Survey of infections due to Staphylococcus species: frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates collected in the United States, Canada, Latin America, Europe, and the Western Pacific region for the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997-1999. Clin Infect Dis. 2001, 32 Suppl 2:S114-32. 10.1086\/320184","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196655304005425","article-title":"National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System Report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2004, issued October 2004","volume":"32","year":"2004","unstructured":"National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System Report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2004, issued October 2004. Am J Infect Control. 2004, 32.470-85. 10.1016\/S0196655304005425","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.09.013","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: epidemiology, outcome, and laboratory characteristics in a tertiary referral center in the UK","volume":"15","author":"Lewis T","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lewis T, Chaudhry R, Nightingale P, Lambert P, Das I. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: epidemiology, outcome, and laboratory characteristics in a tertiary referral center in the UK. Int J Infect Dis. 2011, 15:e131-5. 10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.09.013","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2002\/235213","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical features of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","volume":"13","author":"Madani TA","year":"2002","unstructured":"Madani TA. Epidemiology and clinical features of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Can J Infect Dis. 2002, 13:245-50. 10.1155\/2002\/235213","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.2.182","article-title":"Impact of methicillin resistance on the outcome of patients with bacteremia caused by Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"158","author":"Harbarth S","year":"1998","unstructured":"Harbarth S, Rutschmann O, Sudre P, Pittet D. Impact of methicillin resistance on the outcome of patients with bacteremia caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Arch Intern Med. 1998, 158:182-9. 10.1001\/archinte.158.2.182","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"Team RC","year":"2017","unstructured":"Team RC. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria; 2017."},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Package \u2018Rcmdr\u2019","author":"Fox J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fox J, Bouchet-Valat M, Andronic L, et al.. Package \u2018Rcmdr\u2019. 2020,"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"glm2: Fitting Generalized Linear Models","author":"Marschner I","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marschner I, Donoghoe MW. glm2: Fitting Generalized Linear Models. R package version 1.1. 2, Vienna, Austria; 2018."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.06.023","article-title":"The global and regional prevalence, burden, and risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in HIV-infected people: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Sabbagh P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sabbagh P, Riahi SM, Gamble HR, Rostami A. The global and regional prevalence, burden, and risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in HIV-infected people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Infect Control. 2019, 47:323-3. 10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.06.023","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/9.5.891","article-title":"Prospective study of 114 consecutive episodes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia","volume":"9","author":"Mylotte JM","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mylotte JM, McDermott C, Spooner JA. Prospective study of 114 consecutive episodes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Rev Infect Dis. 1987, 9:891-907. 10.1093\/clinids\/9.5.891","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2012.513","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the western region of Saudi Arabia: prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern","volume":"32","author":"El Amin NM","year":"2012","unstructured":"El Amin NM, Faidah HS. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the western region of Saudi Arabia: prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Ann Saudi Med. 2012, 32:513-6. 10.5144\/0256-4947.2012.513","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/656595","article-title":"Patient-associated risk factors for acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care hospital","volume":"31","author":"Salangsang JA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Salangsang JA, Harrison LH, Brooks MM, Shutt KA, Saul MI, Muto CA. Patient-associated risk factors for acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010, 31:1139-47. 10.1086\/656595","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268819001110","article-title":"Length of stay and odds of MRSA acquisition: a dose-response relationship?","volume":"147","author":"Loke HY","year":"2019","unstructured":"Loke HY, Kyaw WM, Chen MIC, Lim JW, Ang B, Chow A. Length of stay and odds of MRSA acquisition: a dose-response relationship?. Epidemiol Infect. 2019, 147:e223. 10.1017\/S0950268819001110","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-2994-4-S1-P191","article-title":"Advanced age and long-term care facility stay as risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection","volume":"4","author":"Pobiega M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pobiega M, Chmielarczyk A, Pomorska-Weso\u0142owska M, Ziolkowski G, Wojkowska-Mach J. Advanced age and long-term care facility stay as risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2015, 4:P191. 10.1186\/2047-2994-4-S1-P191","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0442-3","article-title":"Longevity and gender as the risk factors of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in southern Poland","volume":"17","author":"Pomorska-Weso\u0142owska M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pomorska-Weso\u0142owska M, R\u00f3\u017ca\u0144ska A, Natkaniec J, et al.. Longevity and gender as the risk factors of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in southern Poland. BMC Geriatr. 2017, 17:51. 10.1186\/s12877-017-0442-3","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/661280","article-title":"A retrospective cohort study into acquisition of MRSA and associated risk factors after implementation of universal screening in Scottish hospitals","volume":"32","author":"van Velzen EV","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Velzen EV, Reilly JS, Kavanagh K, et al.. A retrospective cohort study into acquisition of MRSA and associated risk factors after implementation of universal screening in Scottish hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2011, 32:889-96. 10.1086\/661280","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2012.05.006","article-title":"Increased multi-drug resistance among the elderly on admission to the hospital--a 12-year surveillance study","volume":"56","author":"Denkinger CM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Denkinger CM, Grant AD, Denkinger M, Gautam S, D'Agata EM. Increased multi-drug resistance among the elderly on admission to the hospital--a 12-year surveillance study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2013, 56:227-30. 10.1016\/j.archger.2012.05.006","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5041\/RMMJ.10201","article-title":"From research to reality: minimizing the effects of hospitalization on older adults","volume":"6","author":"Admi H","year":"2015","unstructured":"Admi H, Shadmi E, Baruch H, Zisberg A. From research to reality: minimizing the effects of hospitalization on older adults. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2015, 6:e0017. 10.5041\/RMMJ.10201","journal-title":"Rambam Maimonides Med J"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Health behavior of Polish adult population","volume":"56","author":"Cianciara D","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cianciara D, Miller M, Przew\u0142ocka T. Health behavior of Polish adult population. Przeglad Epidemiologiczny. 2002, 56:159-68.","journal-title":"Przeglad Epidemiologiczny"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815002733","article-title":"Length of stay an important mediator of hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"144","author":"Wong JG","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wong JG, Chen MI, Win MK, Ng PY, Chow A. Length of stay an important mediator of hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Epidemiol Infect. 2016, 144:1248-56. 10.1017\/S0950268815002733","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.08.009","article-title":"MRSA acquisition in an intensive care unit","volume":"34","author":"Dancer SJ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dancer SJ, Coyne M, Speekenbrink A, Samavedam S, Kennedy J, Wallace PG. MRSA acquisition in an intensive care unit. Am J Infect Control. 2006, 34:10-17. 10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.08.009","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/533594","article-title":"Pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"46","author":"Rubinstein E","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rubinstein E, Kollef MH, Nathwani D. Pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis. 2008, 46:S378-85. 10.1086\/533594","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-303","article-title":"Assessment of risk factors related to healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection at patient admission to an intensive care unit in Japan","volume":"11","author":"Yamakawa K","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yamakawa K, Tasaki O, Fukuyama M, et al.. Assessment of risk factors related to healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection at patient admission to an intensive care unit in Japan. BMC Infect Dis. 2011, 11:303. 10.1186\/1471-2334-11-303","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e31822f0b54","article-title":"Epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infection: secular trends over 19 years at a university hospital","volume":"90","author":"Gasch O","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gasch O, Ayats J, \u00c1ngeles Dominguez M, et al.. Epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infection: secular trends over 19 years at a university hospital. Medicine. 2011, 90:319-27. 10.1097\/MD.0b013e31822f0b54","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2010.07.015","article-title":"Mortality in patients with meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia, England 2004-2005","volume":"77","author":"Lamagni TL","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lamagni TL, Potz N, Powell D, Pebody R, Wilson J, Duckworth G. Mortality in patients with meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia, England 2004-2005. J Hosp Infect. 2011, 77:16-20. 10.1016\/j.jhin.2010.07.015","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/57466-methicillin-resistant-staphylococcus-aureus-bacteremia-epidemiology-clinical-characteristics-risk-factors-and-outcomes-in-a-tertiary-care-center-in-riyadh-saudi-arabia","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:26:12Z","timestamp":1707506772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/57466-methicillin-resistant-staphylococcus-aureus-bacteremia-epidemiology-clinical-characteristics-risk-factors-and-outcomes-in-a-tertiary-care-center-in-riyadh-saudi-arabia"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.14934","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]}}}