{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T07:26:09Z","timestamp":1750058769417},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.17554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T11:23:07Z","timestamp":1630322587000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Use of Electrical Nerve Stimulation to Treat Migraines: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Karan","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sai","family":"Batchu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Bunachita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ria","family":"Soni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aadi","family":"Pandya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urvish","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00210307","article-title":"Inheritance of migraine investigated by complex segregation analysis","volume":"96","author":"Russell MB","year":"1995","unstructured":"Russell MB, Iselius L, Olesen J. Inheritance of migraine investigated by complex segregation analysis. Hum Genet. 1995, 96:726-30. 10.1007\/BF00210307","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2009.01443.x","article-title":"Migraine and the environment","volume":"49","author":"Friedman DI","year":"2009","unstructured":"Friedman DI, De ver Dye T. Migraine and the environment. Headache. 2009, 49:941-52. 10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2009.01443.x","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of migraine in adults. (2020). Accessed. July 15, 2021: https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/pathophysiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-migraine-in-adults."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13300","article-title":"A phase-by-phase review of migraine pathophysiology","volume":"58","author":"Dodick DW","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dodick DW. A phase-by-phase review of migraine pathophysiology. Headache. 2018, 58:4-16. 10.1111\/head.13300","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Cervicogenic headache. The differentiation from common migraine. An overview","volume":"6","author":"Sjaastad O","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sjaastad O, Bovim G. Cervicogenic headache. The differentiation from common migraine. An overview. Funct Neurol. 1991, 6:93-100.","journal-title":"Funct Neurol"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Drugs and supplements topirmate (oral route). (2021). Accessed. July 15, 2021: https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/drugs-supplements\/topiramate-oral-route\/side-effects\/drg-20067047."},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Daily aspirin therapy. understand the benefits and risks. (2019). Accessed: July 15, 2021: https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heart-disease\/in-depth\/daily-aspirin-therapy\/art-20046797.."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjaceaccp\/mkp021","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation","volume":"9","author":"Jones I","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jones I, Johnson MI. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Cont Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain. 2009, 9:130-5. 10.1093\/bjaceaccp\/mkp021","journal-title":"Cont Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. (2021). Accessed. August 8, 2021: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transcutaneous_electrical_nerve_stimulation."},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"TENS device highly effective for migraine relief in study. (2015). Accessed. July 15, 2021: https:\/\/www.empr.com\/home\/news\/tens-device-highly-effective-for-migraine-relief-in-study\/.."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.12.032","article-title":"P26 Inter-ictal molecular phenotyping of the neuro-immune axis in migraine patients under non-invasive cervical vagus nerve stimulation","volume":"131","author":"Lendvai I","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lendvai I, Scheele D, Hurlemann R, Buchfelder M, Kinfe T. P26 Inter-ictal molecular phenotyping of the neuro-immune axis in migraine patients under non-invasive cervical vagus nerve stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol. 2020, 131:e190-1. 10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.12.032","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13122","article-title":"Cervical noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation for migraine and cluster headache: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Lai YH","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lai YH, Huang YC, Huang LT, Chen RM, Chen C. Cervical noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation for migraine and cluster headache: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuromodulation. 2020, 23:721-31. 10.1111\/ner.13122","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101971","article-title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation at 1\u202fHz modulates locus coeruleus activity and resting state functional connectivity in patients with migraine: an fMRI study","volume":"24","author":"Zhang Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Liu J, Li H, et al.. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation at 1\u202fHz modulates locus coeruleus activity and resting state functional connectivity in patients with migraine: an fMRI study. Neuroimage Clin. 2019, 24:101971. 10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101971","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/796161","article-title":"Peripheral interleukin-1\u00df levels are elevated in chronic tension-type headache patients","volume":"18","author":"Della Vedova C","year":"2013","unstructured":"Della Vedova C, Cathcart S, Dohnalek A, Lee V, Hutchinson MR, Immink MA, Hayball J. Peripheral interleukin-1\u00df levels are elevated in chronic tension-type headache patients. Pain Res Manag. 2013, 18:301-6. 10.1155\/2013\/796161","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Using SWIFT-Review as a new and robust tool for comprehensive systematic review","volume":"54","author":"Baccouche BM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baccouche BM, Shivkumar TE\r\n. Using SWIFT-Review as a new and robust tool for comprehensive systematic review\r\n. New Mexico J Sci. 2020, 54:14-20.","journal-title":"New Mexico J Sci"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Welcome to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses website!. (2021). Accessed. July 14, 2021: http:\/\/www.prisma-statement.org\/."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne JA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, et al.. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019, 366:l4898. 10.1136\/bmj.l4898","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000008108","article-title":"Effect of percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for the treatment of migraine","volume":"96","author":"Li H","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li H, Xu QR. Effect of percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for the treatment of migraine. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017, 96:e8108. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000008108","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13551","article-title":"Remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) relieves acute migraine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial","volume":"59","author":"Yarnitsky D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yarnitsky D, Dodick DW, Grosberg BM, et al.. Remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) relieves acute migraine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Headache. 2019, 59:1240-52. 10.1111\/head.13551","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102418811573","article-title":"Acute migraine therapy with external trigeminal neurostimulation (ACME): a randomized controlled trial","volume":"39","author":"Chou DE","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chou DE, Shnayderman Yugrakh M, Winegarner D, Rowe V, Kuruvilla D, Schoenen J. Acute migraine therapy with external trigeminal neurostimulation (ACME): a randomized controlled trial. Cephalalgia. 2019, 39:3-14. 10.1177\/0333102418811573","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.01.024","article-title":"Treatment of migraine attacks by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in emergency department: a randomize controlled trial","volume":"39","author":"Hokenek NM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hokenek NM, Erdogan MO, Hokenek UD, Algin A, Tekyol D, Seyhan AU. Treatment of migraine attacks by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in emergency department: a randomize controlled trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2021, 39:80-5. 10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.01.024","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12504","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of occipital nerves stimulation for the treatment of chronic migraines: randomized, double-blind, controlled single-center experience","volume":"17","author":"Mekhail NA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mekhail NA, Estemalik E, Azer G, Davis K, Tepper SJ. Safety and efficacy of occipital nerves stimulation for the treatment of chronic migraines: randomized, double-blind, controlled single-center experience. Pain Pract. 2017, 17:669-77. 10.1111\/papr.12504","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102414543331","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of peripheral nerve stimulation of the occipital nerves for the management of chronic migraine: long-term results from a randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, controlled study","volume":"35","author":"Dodick DW","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dodick DW, Silberstein SD, Reed KL, et al.. Safety and efficacy of peripheral nerve stimulation of the occipital nerves for the management of chronic migraine: long-term results from a randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, controlled study. Cephalalgia. 2015, 35:344-58. 10.1177\/0333102414543331","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102414534082","article-title":"Occipital nerve stimulation for chronic migraine: a randomized trial on subthreshold stimulation","volume":"35","author":"Slotty PJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Slotty PJ, Bara G, Kowatz L, Gendolla A, Wille C, Schu S, Vesper J. Occipital nerve stimulation for chronic migraine: a randomized trial on subthreshold stimulation. Cephalalgia. 2015, 35:73-8. 10.1177\/0333102414534082","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46044-8","article-title":"The safety and preventive effects of a supraorbital transcutaneous stimulator in Japanese migraine patients","volume":"9","author":"Danno D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Danno D, Iigaya M, Imai N, Igarashi H, Takeshima T. The safety and preventive effects of a supraorbital transcutaneous stimulator in Japanese migraine patients. Sci Rep. 2019, 9:9900. 10.1038\/s41598-019-46044-8","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005857","article-title":"Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation as acute therapy for migraine: the randomized PRESTO study","volume":"91","author":"Tassorelli C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tassorelli C, Grazzi L, de Tommaso M, et al.. Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation as acute therapy for migraine: the randomized PRESTO study. Neurology. 2018, 91:e364-73. 10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005857","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102419876920","article-title":"Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) for the preventive treatment of episodic migraine: The multicentre, double-blind, randomised, sham-controlled PREMIUM trial","volume":"39","author":"Diener HC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Diener HC, Goadsby PJ, Ashina M, et al.. Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) for the preventive treatment of episodic migraine: The multicentre, double-blind, randomised, sham-controlled PREMIUM trial. Cephalalgia. 2019, 39:1475-87. 10.1177\/0333102419876920","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0000000000000274","article-title":"Is noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation a safe and effective alternative to medication for acute migraine control?","volume":"25","author":"Blech B","year":"2020","unstructured":"Blech B, Starling AJ, Marks LA, Wingerchuk DM, O'Carroll CB. Is noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation a safe and effective alternative to medication for acute migraine control?. Neurologist. 2020, 25:97-100. 10.1097\/NRL.0000000000000274","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-018-0928-1","article-title":"Practical and clinical utility of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) for the acute treatment of migraine: a post hoc analysis of the randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind PRESTO trial","volume":"19","author":"Grazzi L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grazzi L, Tassorelli C, de Tommaso M, et al.. Practical and clinical utility of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) for the acute treatment of migraine: a post hoc analysis of the randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind PRESTO trial. J Headache Pain. 2018, 19:98. 10.1186\/s10194-018-0928-1","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-018-0929-0","article-title":"Consistent effects of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) for the acute treatment of migraine: additional findings from the randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind PRESTO trial","volume":"19","author":"Martelletti P","year":"2018","unstructured":"Martelletti P, Barbanti P, Grazzi L, et al.. Consistent effects of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) for the acute treatment of migraine: additional findings from the randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind PRESTO trial. J Headache Pain. 2018, 19:101. 10.1186\/s10194-018-0929-0","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002918","article-title":"Chronic migraine headache prevention with noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation: the EVENT study","volume":"87","author":"Silberstein SD","year":"2016","unstructured":"Silberstein SD, Calhoun AH, Lipton RB, et al.. Chronic migraine headache prevention with noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation: the EVENT study. Neurology. 2016, 87:529-38. 10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002918","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2017.03.012","article-title":"Migraine prevention using different frequencies of transcutaneous occipital nerve stimulation: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Liu Y","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu Y, Dong Z, Wang R, Ao R, Han X, Tang W, Yu S. Migraine prevention using different frequencies of transcutaneous occipital nerve stimulation: a randomized controlled trial. J Pain. 2017, 18:1006-15. 10.1016\/j.jpain.2017.03.012","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-1033-9","article-title":"Remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) in the acute treatment of migraine: a comparison with usual care and acute migraine medications","volume":"20","author":"Rapoport AM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rapoport AM, Bonner JH, Lin T, Harris D, Gruper Y, Ironi A, Cowan RP. Remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) in the acute treatment of migraine: a comparison with usual care and acute migraine medications. J Headache Pain. 2019, 20:83. 10.1186\/s10194-019-1033-9","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). (2021). Accessed. July 15, 2021: https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/treatments\/15840-transcutaneous-electrical-nerve-stimulation-tens.."},{"key":"ref35","unstructured":"How to compare TENS units - a review of price &amp; performance. (2019). Accessed. July 15, 2021: https:\/\/www.rsmedical.com\/blog\/compare-tens-units-by-price."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13394","article-title":"Occipital nerve stimulation for refractory chronic cluster headache: a cost-effectiveness study","author":"Bulsei J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bulsei J, Leplus A, Donnet A, et al.. Occipital nerve stimulation for refractory chronic cluster headache: a cost-effectiveness study. Neuromodulation. 2021, 10.1111\/ner.13394","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"The costs of migraines detailing the costs migraine sufferers endure. (2017). Accessed. July 15, 2021: https:\/\/www.themigrainereliefcenter.com\/costs-of-migraines\/."},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"The cost of migraine and its treatment. (2005). Accessed. July 15, 2021: https:\/\/www.ajmc.com\/view\/jun05-2069ps62-s67."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/327486","article-title":"The effects of high-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for dental professionals with work-related musculoskeletal disorders: a single-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"2015","author":"Suh HR","year":"2015","unstructured":"Suh HR, Kim TH, Han GS. The effects of high-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for dental professionals with work-related musculoskeletal disorders: a single-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015, 2015:327486. 10.1155\/2015\/327486","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/pmt.14.13","article-title":"Using TENS for pain control: the state of the evidence","volume":"4","author":"Vance CG","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vance CG, Dailey DL, Rakel BA, Sluka KA. Using TENS for pain control: the state of the evidence. Pain Manag. 2014, 4:197-209. 10.2217\/pmt.14.13","journal-title":"Pain Manag"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-015-0543-3","article-title":"Treatment of chronic migraine with transcutaneous stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagal nerve (auricular t-VNS): a randomized, monocentric clinical trial","volume":"16","author":"Straube A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Straube A, Ellrich J, Eren O, Blum B, Ruscheweyh R. Treatment of chronic migraine with transcutaneous stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagal nerve (auricular t-VNS): a randomized, monocentric clinical trial. J Headache Pain. 2015, 16:543. 10.1186\/s10194-015-0543-3","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/66650-the-use-of-electrical-nerve-stimulation-to-treat-migraines-a-systematic-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:31:58Z","timestamp":1707507118000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/66650-the-use-of-electrical-nerve-stimulation-to-treat-migraines-a-systematic-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]]},"references-count":41,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.17554","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]]}}}