{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T05:04:12Z","timestamp":1784610252798,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.20114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T23:24:59Z","timestamp":1638487499000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ketamine: A Potential Adjunct for Severe Benzodiazepine Withdrawal"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Kristen","family":"Purcell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pollianne W","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Glenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Blakey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey","family":"Motov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Benzodiazepine pharmacology and central nervous system-mediated effects","volume":"13","author":"Griffin CE","year":"2013","unstructured":"Griffin CE, Kaye AM, Bueno FR, Kaye AD. Benzodiazepine pharmacology and central nervous system-mediated effects. Ochsner J. 2013, 13:214-23.","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03743.x","article-title":"The benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome","volume":"89","author":"P\u00e9tursson H","year":"1994","unstructured":"P\u00e9tursson H. The benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome. Addiction. 1994, 89:1455-9. 10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03743.x","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/0023210-200923010-00002","article-title":"Withdrawing benzodiazepines in primary care","volume":"23","author":"Lader M","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lader M, Tylee A, Donoghue J. Withdrawing benzodiazepines in primary care. CNS Drugs. 2009, 23:19-34. 10.2165\/0023210-200923010-00002","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810290060012","article-title":"Carbamazepine treatment in patients discontinuing long-term benzodiazepine therapy. Effects on withdrawal severity and outcome","volume":"48","author":"Schweizer E","year":"1991","unstructured":"Schweizer E, Rickels K, Case WG, Greenblatt DJ. Carbamazepine treatment in patients discontinuing long-term benzodiazepine therapy. Effects on withdrawal severity and outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991, 48:448-52. 10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810290060012","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-018-0662-8","article-title":"Adjunctive use of ketamine for benzodiazepine-resistant severe alcohol withdrawal: a retrospective evaluation","volume":"14","author":"Shah P","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shah P, McDowell M, Ebisu R, Hanif T, Toerne T. Adjunctive use of ketamine for benzodiazepine-resistant severe alcohol withdrawal: a retrospective evaluation. J Med Toxicol. 2018, 14:229-36. 10.1007\/s13181-018-0662-8","journal-title":"J Med Toxicol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003204","article-title":"Adjunct ketamine use in the management of severe ethanol withdrawal","volume":"46","author":"Pizon AF","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pizon AF, Lynch MJ, Benedict NJ, et al.. Adjunct ketamine use in the management of severe ethanol withdrawal. Crit Care Med. 2018, 46:768-71. 10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003204","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.7399","article-title":"Patterns in outpatient benzodiazepine prescribing in the United States","volume":"2","author":"Agarwal SD","year":"2019","unstructured":"Agarwal SD, Landon BE. Patterns in outpatient benzodiazepine prescribing in the United States. JAMA Netw Open. 2019, 2:10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.7399","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1763","article-title":"Benzodiazepine use in the United States","volume":"72","author":"Olfson M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Olfson M, King M, Schoenbaum M. Benzodiazepine use in the United States. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015, 72:136-42. 10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1763","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1715050","article-title":"Our other prescription drug problem","volume":"378","author":"Lembke A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lembke A, Papac J, Humphreys K. Our other prescription drug problem. N Engl J Med. 2018, 378:693-5. 10.1056\/NEJMp1715050","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Alcohol involvement in opioid pain reliever and benzodiazepine drug abuse-related emergency department visits and drug-related deaths","volume":"63","author":"Jones CM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jones CM, Paulozzi LJ, Mack KA. Alcohol involvement in opioid pain reliever and benzodiazepine drug abuse-related emergency department visits and drug-related deaths. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014, 63:881-5.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0b013e3181875aa0","article-title":"A fatal case of benzodiazepine withdrawal","volume":"30","author":"Lann MA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lann MA, Molina DK. A fatal case of benzodiazepine withdrawal. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2009, 30:177-9. 10.1097\/PAF.0b013e3181875aa0","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2015.055","article-title":"Management of benzodiazepine misuse and dependence","volume":"38","author":"Brett J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brett J, Murnion B. Management of benzodiazepine misuse and dependence. Aust Prescr. 2015, 38:152-5. 10.18773\/austprescr.2015.055","journal-title":"Aust Prescr"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125317753340","article-title":"Challenges of the pharmacological management of benzodiazepine withdrawal, dependence, and discontinuation","volume":"8","author":"Fluyau D","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fluyau D, Revadigar N, Manobianco BE. Challenges of the pharmacological management of benzodiazepine withdrawal, dependence, and discontinuation. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol. 2018, 8:147-68. 10.1177\/2045125317753340","journal-title":"Ther Adv Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13222","article-title":"Ketamine and phencyclidine: the good, the bad and the unexpected","volume":"172","author":"Lodge D","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lodge D, Mercier MS. Ketamine and phencyclidine: the good, the bad and the unexpected. Br J Pharmacol. 2015, 172:4254-76. 10.1111\/bph.13222","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-018-0904-8","article-title":"The expanding role of ketamine in the emergency department","volume":"78","author":"Sheikh S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sheikh S, Hendry P. The expanding role of ketamine in the emergency department. Drugs. 2018, 78:727-35. 10.1007\/s40265-018-0904-8","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.07.017","article-title":"Ketamine for rapid sedation of agitated patients in the prehospital and emergency department settings: a systematic review and proportional meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Mankowitz SL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mankowitz SL, Regenberg P, Kaldan J, Cole JB. Ketamine for rapid sedation of agitated patients in the prehospital and emergency department settings: a systematic review and proportional meta-analysis. J Emerg Med. 2018, 55:670-81. 10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.07.017","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2019.02.017","article-title":"Fast-acting antidepressant activity of ketamine: highlights on brain serotonin, glutamate, and GABA neurotransmission in preclinical studies","volume":"199","author":"Pham TH","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pham TH, Gardier AM. Fast-acting antidepressant activity of ketamine: highlights on brain serotonin, glutamate, and GABA neurotransmission in preclinical studies. Pharmacol Ther. 2019, 199:58-90. 10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2019.02.017","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.14.6889","article-title":"Diazepam dependence prevented by glutamate antagonists","volume":"90","author":"Steppuhn KG","year":"1993","unstructured":"Steppuhn KG, Turski L. Diazepam dependence prevented by glutamate antagonists. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993, 90:6889-93. 10.1073\/pnas.90.14.6889","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-8993(98)00052-3","article-title":"NMDA receptor antagonists potently suppress the spontaneous withdrawal signs induced by discontinuation of long-term diazepam treatment in Fischer 344 rats","volume":"790","author":"Tsuda M","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tsuda M, Suzuki T, Misawa M. NMDA receptor antagonists potently suppress the spontaneous withdrawal signs induced by discontinuation of long-term diazepam treatment in Fischer 344 rats. Brain Res. 1998, 790:82-90. 10.1016\/s0006-8993(98)00052-3","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066615587868","article-title":"Low-dose ketamine in chronic critical illness","volume":"31","author":"Moitra VK","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moitra VK, Patel MK, Darrah D, Moitra A, Wunsch H. Low-dose ketamine in chronic critical illness. J Intensive Care Med. 2016, 31:216-20. 10.1177\/0885066615587868","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/27151-ketamine-a-potential-adjunct-for-severe-benzodiazepine-withdrawal","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:32:13Z","timestamp":1707507133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/27151-ketamine-a-potential-adjunct-for-severe-benzodiazepine-withdrawal"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.20114","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]}}}