{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T04:42:17Z","timestamp":1781671337497,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,5]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.20172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,5]],"date-time":"2021-12-05T09:07:36Z","timestamp":1638695256000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Dengue-Induced Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Adeeb","family":"Munshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anas","family":"Alsuraihi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwan","family":"Balubaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Althobaiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulhakeem","family":"Althaqafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0606.000608","article-title":"Hemophagocytic syndromes and infection","volume":"6","author":"Fisman DN","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fisman DN. Hemophagocytic syndromes and infection. Emerg Infect Dis. 2000, 6:601-8.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2005","article-title":"Dengue hemophagocytic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis on epidemiology, clinical signs, outcomes, and risk factors","volume":"28","author":"Giang HT","year":"2018","unstructured":"Giang HT, Banno K, Minh LH, et al.. Dengue hemophagocytic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis on epidemiology, clinical signs, outcomes, and risk factors. Rev Med Virol. 2018, 28:e2005. 10.1002\/rmv.2005","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07315.x","article-title":"Characterization of PRF1, STX11 and UNC13D genotype-phenotype correlations in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"143","author":"Horne A","year":"2008","unstructured":"Horne A, Ramme KG, Rudd E, et al.. Characterization of PRF1, STX11 and UNC13D genotype-phenotype correlations in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Br J Haematol. 2008, 143:75-83. 10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07315.x","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.v97.4.1131","article-title":"Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis due to germline mutations in SH2D1A, the X-linked lymphoproliferative disease gene","volume":"97","author":"Arico M","year":"2001","unstructured":"Arico M, Imashuku S, Clementi R, et al.. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis due to germline mutations in SH2D1A, the X-linked lymphoproliferative disease gene. Blood. 2001, 97:1131-3. 10.1182\/blood.v97.4.1131","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000405","article-title":"Comparing hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in pediatric and adult patients","volume":"17","author":"Wysocki CA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wysocki CA. Comparing hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in pediatric and adult patients. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017, 17:405-13. 10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000405","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30628-0","article-title":"COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression","volume":"395","author":"Mehta P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020, 395:1033-4. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30628-0","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30826","article-title":"A consensus review on malignancy-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults","volume":"123","author":"Daver N","year":"2017","unstructured":"Daver N, McClain K, Allen CE, et al.. A consensus review on malignancy-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults. Cancer. 2017, 123:3229-40. 10.1002\/cncr.30826","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12293","article-title":"Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of HLH","volume":"161","author":"Usmani GN","year":"2013","unstructured":"Usmani GN, Woda BA, Newburger PE. Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of HLH. Br J Haematol. 2013, 161:609-22. 10.1111\/bjh.12293","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-03-278127","article-title":"How I treat hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"118","author":"Jordan MB","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jordan MB, Allen CE, Weitzman S, Filipovich AH, McClain KL. How I treat hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Blood. 2011, 118:4041-52. 10.1182\/blood-2011-03-278127","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21039","article-title":"HLH-2004: diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"48","author":"Henter JI","year":"2007","unstructured":"Henter JI, Horne A, Aric\u00f3 M, et al.. HLH-2004: diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007, 48:124-31. 10.1002\/pbc.21039","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21423","article-title":"Highly elevated ferritin levels and the diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"50","author":"Allen CE","year":"2008","unstructured":"Allen CE, Yu X, Kozinetz CA, McClain KL. Highly elevated ferritin levels and the diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008, 50:1227-35. 10.1002\/pbc.21423","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006159","article-title":"Dengue-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in an adult. a case report and literature review","volume":"96","author":"Chung SM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chung SM, Song JY, Kim W, et al.. Dengue-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in an adult. a case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017, 96:e6159. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000006159","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2017.03.013","article-title":"Severe dengue due to secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a case study","volume":"8","author":"Ray U","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ray U, Dutta S, Mondal S, Bandyopadhyay S. Severe dengue due to secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a case study. IDCases. 2017, 8:50-3. 10.1016\/j.idcr.2017.03.013","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/omcr\/omw043","article-title":"Dengue fever complicated by hemophagocytosis","volume":"2016","author":"Koshy M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koshy M, Mishra AK, Agrawal B, Kurup AR, Hansdak SG. Dengue fever complicated by hemophagocytosis. Oxf Med Case Reports. 2016, 2016:121-4. 10.1093\/omcr\/omw043","journal-title":"Oxf Med Case Reports"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Comprehensive guideline for prevention and control of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever. Revised and expanded edition. (2011). Accessed. 2021: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/204894."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004939","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for developing dengue-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in Puerto Rico, 2008-2013","volume":"10","author":"Ellis EM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ellis EM, Sharp TM, P\u00e9rez-Padilla J, et al.. Incidence and risk factors for developing dengue-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in Puerto Rico, 2008-2013. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016, 10:e0004939. 10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004939","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116721","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus-infected T lymphocytes in Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome","volume":"92","author":"Kawaguchi H","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kawaguchi H, Miyashita T, Herbst H, et al.. Epstein-Barr virus-infected T lymphocytes in Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. J Clin Invest. 1993, 92:1444-50. 10.1172\/JCI116721","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Longitudinal follow-up of patients with Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"89","author":"Imashuku S","year":"2004","unstructured":"Imashuku S, Teramura T, Tauchi H, et al.. Longitudinal follow-up of patients with Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Haematologica. 2004, 89:183-8.","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpo.10314","article-title":"Treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH) in young adults: a report from the HLH study center","volume":"41","author":"Imashuku S","year":"2003","unstructured":"Imashuku S, Kuriyama K, Sakai R, et al.. Treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH) in young adults: a report from the HLH study center. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2003, 41:103-9. 10.1002\/mpo.10314","journal-title":"Med Pediatr Oncol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02181-17","article-title":"Human T lymphocytes are permissive for dengue virus replication","volume":"92","author":"Silveira GF","year":"2018","unstructured":"Silveira GF, Wowk PF, Cataneo AH, et al.. Human T lymphocytes are permissive for dengue virus replication. J Virol. 2018, 92:10.1128\/JVI.02181-17","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-06-788349","article-title":"Confirmed efficacy of etoposide and dexamethasone in HLH treatment: long-term results of the cooperative HLH-2004 study","volume":"130","author":"Bergsten E","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bergsten E, Horne A, Aric\u00f3 M, et al.. Confirmed efficacy of etoposide and dexamethasone in HLH treatment: long-term results of the cooperative HLH-2004 study. Blood. 2017, 130:2728-38. 10.1182\/blood-2017-06-788349","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-06-356261","article-title":"Chemoimmunotherapy for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: long-term results of the HLH-94 treatment protocol","volume":"118","author":"Trottestam H","year":"2011","unstructured":"Trottestam H, Horne A, Aric\u00f2 M, et al.. Chemoimmunotherapy for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: long-term results of the HLH-94 treatment protocol. Blood. 2011, 118:4577-84. 10.1182\/blood-2011-06-356261","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13102","article-title":"Prognostic factors of early death in a cohort of 162 adult haemophagocytic syndrome: impact of triggering disease and early treatment with etoposide","volume":"168","author":"Arca M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arca M, Fardet L, Galicier L, et al.. Prognostic factors of early death in a cohort of 162 adult haemophagocytic syndrome: impact of triggering disease and early treatment with etoposide. Br J Haematol. 2015, 168:63-8. 10.1111\/bjh.13102","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302282","article-title":"Etoposide selectively ablates activated T cells to control the immunoregulatory disorder hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"192","author":"Johnson TS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Johnson TS, Terrell CE, Millen SH, Katz JD, Hildeman DA, Jordan MB. Etoposide selectively ablates activated T cells to control the immunoregulatory disorder hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. J Immunol. 2014, 192:84-91. 10.4049\/jimmunol.1302282","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis655","article-title":"Effects of short-course oral corticosteroid therapy in early dengue infection in Vietnamese patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"55","author":"Tam DT","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tam DT, Ngoc TV, Tien NT, et al.. Effects of short-course oral corticosteroid therapy in early dengue infection in Vietnamese patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2012, 55:1216-24. 10.1093\/cid\/cis655","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz499","article-title":"Dengue infection complicated by hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: experiences from 180 patients with severe dengue","volume":"70","author":"Kan FK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kan FK, Tan CC, Von Bahr Greenwood T, et al.. Dengue infection complicated by hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: experiences from 180 patients with severe dengue. Clin Infect Dis. 2020, 70:2247-55. 10.1093\/cid\/ciz499","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.28581","article-title":"The use of anakinra in the treatment of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"67","author":"Bami S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bami S, Vagrecha A, Soberman D, et al.. The use of anakinra in the treatment of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2020, 67:e28581. 10.1002\/pbc.28581","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/79399-dengue-induced-hemophagocytic-lymphohistiocytosis-a-case-report-and-literature-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:31:54Z","timestamp":1707507114000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/79399-dengue-induced-hemophagocytic-lymphohistiocytosis-a-case-report-and-literature-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,5]]},"references-count":27,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.20172","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,5]]}}}