{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T02:39:06Z","timestamp":1789094346420,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.20548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T04:00:13Z","timestamp":1640059213000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Pathophysiology of Anorexia Nervosa in Hypothalamic Endocrine Function and Bone Metabolism"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Keji","family":"Jada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine Kakieu","family":"Djossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anwar","family":"Khedr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bandana","family":"Neupane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Proskuriakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihan A","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/1661-8157\/a003348","article-title":"Endocrine consequences of anorexia nervosa [Article in German]","volume":"108","author":"Milos G","year":"2019","unstructured":"Milos G, Hebebrand J. Endocrine consequences of anorexia nervosa [Article in German]. Praxis (Bern 1994). 2019, 108:899-904. 10.1024\/1661-8157\/a003348","journal-title":"Praxis (Bern 1994)"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.14.8.1055","article-title":"The endocrinopathies of anorexia nervosa","volume":"14","author":"Usdan LS","year":"2008","unstructured":"Usdan LS, Khaodhiar L, Apovian CM. The endocrinopathies of anorexia nervosa. Endocr Pract. 2008, 14:1055-63. 10.4158\/EP.14.8.1055","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70180-3","article-title":"Endocrine consequences of anorexia nervosa","volume":"2","author":"Misra M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Misra M, Klibanski A. Endocrine consequences of anorexia nervosa. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014, 2:581-92. 10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70180-3","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06081388","article-title":"Epidemiology and course of anorexia nervosa in the community","volume":"164","author":"Keski-Rahkonen A","year":"2007","unstructured":"Keski-Rahkonen A, Hoek HW, Susser ES, et al.. Epidemiology and course of anorexia nervosa in the community. Am J Psychiatry. 2007, 164:1259-65. 10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06081388","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197410242911701","article-title":"Anorexia nervosa. Immaturity of the 24-hour luteinizing hormone secretory pattern","volume":"291","author":"Boyar RM","year":"1974","unstructured":"Boyar RM, Katz J, Finkelstein JW, Kapen S, Weiner H, Weitzman ED, Hellman L. Anorexia nervosa. Immaturity of the 24-hour luteinizing hormone secretory pattern. N Engl J Med. 1974, 291:861-5. 10.1056\/NEJM197410242911701","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1834399100","article-title":"Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to loss of function of the KiSS1-derived peptide receptor GPR54","volume":"100","author":"de Roux N","year":"2003","unstructured":"de Roux N, Genin E, Carel JC, Matsuda F, Chaussain JL, Milgrom E. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to loss of function of the KiSS1-derived peptide receptor GPR54. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003, 100:10972-6. 10.1073\/pnas.1834399100","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5767.149","article-title":"Relation between aspects of nutritional disturbance and menstrual activity in primary anorexia nervosa","volume":"3","author":"Crisp AH","year":"1971","unstructured":"Crisp AH, Stonehill E. Relation between aspects of nutritional disturbance and menstrual activity in primary anorexia nervosa. Br Med J. 1971, 3:149-51. 10.1136\/bmj.3.5767.149","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.10.048","article-title":"The psychobiology and diagnostic significance of amenorrhea in patients with anorexia nervosa","volume":"85","author":"Gendall KA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gendall KA, Joyce PR, Carter FA, McIntosh VV, Jordan J, Bulik CM. The psychobiology and diagnostic significance of amenorrhea in patients with anorexia nervosa. Fertil Steril. 2006, 85:1531-5. 10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.10.048","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250410033303","article-title":"Weight requirements for return of menstruations in teenage girls with eating disorders, weight loss and secondary amenorrhoea","volume":"93","author":"Swenne I","year":"2004","unstructured":"Swenne I. Weight requirements for return of menstruations in teenage girls with eating disorders, weight loss and secondary amenorrhoea. Acta Paediatr. 2004, 93:1449-55. 10.1080\/08035250410033303","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2501","article-title":"Androgens in women with anorexia nervosa and normal-weight women with hypothalamic amenorrhea","volume":"92","author":"Miller KK","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miller KK, Lawson EA, Mathur V, et al.. Androgens in women with anorexia nervosa and normal-weight women with hypothalamic amenorrhea. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007, 92:1334-9. 10.1210\/jc.2006-2501","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(74)90490-6","article-title":"Effect of oophorectomy on circulating testosterone and androstenedione levels in patients with endometrial cancer","volume":"118","author":"Judd HL","year":"1974","unstructured":"Judd HL, Lucas WE, Yen SS. Effect of oophorectomy on circulating testosterone and androstenedione levels in patients with endometrial cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1974, 118:793-8. 10.1016\/0002-9378(74)90490-6","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020545","article-title":"Effects of oral dehydroepiandrosterone on bone density in young women with anorexia nervosa: a randomized trial","volume":"87","author":"Gordon CM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gordon CM, Grace E, Emans SJ, et al.. Effects of oral dehydroepiandrosterone on bone density in young women with anorexia nervosa: a randomized trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002, 87:4935-41. 10.1210\/jc.2002-020545","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/jcp.v68n0621","article-title":"Androgen deficiency: association with increased anxiety and depression symptom severity in anorexia nervosa","volume":"68","author":"Miller KK","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miller KK, Wexler TL, Zha AM, et al.. Androgen deficiency: association with increased anxiety and depression symptom severity in anorexia nervosa. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007, 68:959-65. 10.4088\/jcp.v68n0621","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1926","article-title":"Bioactive insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I and IGF-binding protein-1 in anorexia nervosa","volume":"92","author":"St\u00f8ving RK","year":"2007","unstructured":"St\u00f8ving RK, Chen JW, Glintborg D, Brixen K, Flyvbjerg A, H\u00f8rder K, Frystyk J. Bioactive insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I and IGF-binding protein-1 in anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007, 92:2323-9. 10.1210\/jc.2006-1926","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.6.5734","article-title":"Jointly amplified basal and pulsatile growth hormone (GH) secretion and increased process irregularity in women with anorexia nervosa: indirect evidence for disruption of feedback regulation within the GH-insulin-like growth factor I axis","volume":"84","author":"Stoving RK","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stoving RK, Veldhuis JD, Flyvbjerg A, et al.. Jointly amplified basal and pulsatile growth hormone (GH) secretion and increased process irregularity in women with anorexia nervosa: indirect evidence for disruption of feedback regulation within the GH-insulin-like growth factor I axis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999, 84:2056-63. 10.1210\/jcem.84.6.5734","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3223(98)00039-0","article-title":"Effect of somatostatin infusion on the somatotrope responsiveness to growth hormone-releasing hormone in patients with anorexia nervosa","volume":"45","author":"Gianotti L","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gianotti L, Rolla M, Arvat E, et al.. Effect of somatostatin infusion on the somatotrope responsiveness to growth hormone-releasing hormone in patients with anorexia nervosa. Biol Psychiatry. 1999, 45:334-9. 10.1016\/s0006-3223(98)00039-0","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.6.8574","article-title":"Effects of recombinant human IGF-I and oral contraceptive administration on bone density in anorexia nervosa","volume":"87","author":"Grinspoon S","year":"2002","unstructured":"Grinspoon S, Thomas L, Miller K, Herzog D, Klibanski A. Effects of recombinant human IGF-I and oral contraceptive administration on bone density in anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002, 87:2883-91. 10.1210\/jcem.87.6.8574","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-40-2-334","article-title":"Serum thyroid hormones and thyrotropin in anorexia nervosa","volume":"40","author":"Miyai K","year":"1975","unstructured":"Miyai K, Yamamoto T, Azukizawa M, Ishibashi K, Kumahara Y. Serum thyroid hormones and thyrotropin in anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1975, 40:334-8. 10.1210\/jcem-40-2-334","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-44-1-167","article-title":"Low serum triiodothyronine (T3) and hypothyroidism in anorexia nervosa","volume":"44","author":"Croxson MS","year":"1977","unstructured":"Croxson MS, Ibbertson HK. Low serum triiodothyronine (T3) and hypothyroidism in anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1977, 44:167-74. 10.1210\/jcem-44-1-167","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-40-3-470","article-title":"Low serum triiodothyronine in patients with anorexia nervosa","volume":"40","author":"Moshang T Jr","year":"1975","unstructured":"Moshang T Jr, Parks JS, Baker L, Vaidya V, Utiger RD, Bongiovanni AM, Snyder PJ. Low serum triiodothyronine in patients with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1975, 40:470-3. 10.1210\/jcem-40-3-470","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6136.526","article-title":"Hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid function in anorexia nervosa: influence of weight gain","volume":"2","author":"Leslie RD","year":"1978","unstructured":"Leslie RD, Isaacs AJ, Gomez J, Raggatt PR, Bayliss R. Hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid function in anorexia nervosa: influence of weight gain. Br Med J. 1978, 2:526-8. 10.1136\/bmj.2.6136.526","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108x(200103)29:2<230::aid-eat1013>3.0.co;2-p","article-title":"Evidence of diffuse atrophy of the thyroid gland in patients with anorexia nervosa","volume":"29","author":"Stoving RK","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stoving RK, Bennedbaek FN, Hegedus L, Hagen C. Evidence of diffuse atrophy of the thyroid gland in patients with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2001, 29:230-5. 10.1002\/1098-108x(200103)29:2&lt;230::aid-eat1013&gt;3.0.co;2-p","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.02.013","article-title":"Food choice in disorders of eating behavior: correlations with the psychopathological aspects of the diseases","volume":"55","author":"Segura-Garc\u00eda C","year":"2014","unstructured":"Segura-Garc\u00eda C, De Fazio P, Sinopoli F, De Masi R, Brambilla F. Food choice in disorders of eating behavior: correlations with the psychopathological aspects of the diseases. Compr Psychiatry. 2014, 55:1203-11. 10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.02.013","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-49-3-406","article-title":"Alterations in serum cortisol and its binding characteristics in anorexia nervosa","volume":"49","author":"Casper RC","year":"1979","unstructured":"Casper RC, Chatterton RT Jr, Davis JM. Alterations in serum cortisol and its binding characteristics in anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1979, 49:406-11. 10.1210\/jcem-49-3-406","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(18)30460-X","article-title":"Psychoendocrinology of anorexia nervosa","volume":"12","author":"Weiner H","year":"1989","unstructured":"Weiner H. Psychoendocrinology of anorexia nervosa. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1989, 12:187-206. 10.1016\/S0193-953X(18)30460-X","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198605223142102","article-title":"Abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in anorexia nervosa. Pathophysiologic mechanisms in underweight and weight-corrected patients","volume":"314","author":"Gold PW","year":"1986","unstructured":"Gold PW, Gwirtsman H, Avgerinos PC, et al.. Abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in anorexia nervosa. Pathophysiologic mechanisms in underweight and weight-corrected patients. N Engl J Med. 1986, 314:1335-42. 10.1056\/NEJM198605223142102","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1996.tb02133.x","article-title":"Lack of effect of desmopressin on ACTH and cortisol responses to ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone in anorexia nervosa","volume":"26","author":"Foppiani L","year":"1996","unstructured":"Foppiani L, Sessarego P, Valenti S, Falivene MR, Cuttica CM, Giusti Disem M. Lack of effect of desmopressin on ACTH and cortisol responses to ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone in anorexia nervosa. Eur J Clin Invest. 1996, 26:879-83. 10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1996.tb02133.x","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1990.tb00464.x","article-title":"Rapid escape of cortisol from suppression in response to i.v. dexamethasone in anorexia nervosa","volume":"33","author":"Estour B","year":"1990","unstructured":"Estour B, Pugeat M, Lang F, et al.. Rapid escape of cortisol from suppression in response to i.v. dexamethasone in anorexia nervosa. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1990, 33:45-52. 10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1990.tb00464.x","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00041.2005","article-title":"Secretory dynamics of leptin in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa and healthy adolescents","volume":"289","author":"Misra M","year":"2005","unstructured":"Misra M, Miller KK, Kuo K, et al.. Secretory dynamics of leptin in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa and healthy adolescents. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005, 289:E373-81. 10.1152\/ajpendo.00041.2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2855","article-title":"Relationships between serum adipokines, insulin levels, and bone density in girls with anorexia nervosa","volume":"92","author":"Misra M","year":"2007","unstructured":"Misra M, Miller KK, Cord J, et al.. Relationships between serum adipokines, insulin levels, and bone density in girls with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007, 92:2046-52. 10.1210\/jc.2006-2855","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1878","article-title":"Elevated peptide YY levels in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa","volume":"91","author":"Misra M","year":"2006","unstructured":"Misra M, Miller KK, Tsai P, et al.. Elevated peptide YY levels in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006, 91:1027-33. 10.1210\/jc.2005-1878","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2303","article-title":"Central and peripheral peptides regulating eating behaviour and energy homeostasis in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: a literature review","volume":"22","author":"Tortorella A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tortorella A, Brambilla F, Fabrazzo M, Volpe U, Monteleone AM, Mastromo D, Monteleone P. Central and peripheral peptides regulating eating behaviour and energy homeostasis in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: a literature review. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2014, 22:307-20. 10.1002\/erv.2303","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711000365","article-title":"Agouti-related protein in patients with acute and weight-restored anorexia nervosa","volume":"41","author":"Merle JV","year":"2011","unstructured":"Merle JV, Haas V, Burghardt R, D\u00f6hler N, Schneider N, Lehmkuhl U, Ehrlich S. Agouti-related protein in patients with acute and weight-restored anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med. 2011, 41:2183-92. 10.1017\/S0033291711000365","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2011.562244","article-title":"A meta-analysis of circulating BDNF concentrations in anorexia nervosa","volume":"12","author":"Brandys MK","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brandys MK, Kas MJ, van Elburg AA, Campbell IC, Adan RA. A meta-analysis of circulating BDNF concentrations in anorexia nervosa. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2011, 12:444-54. 10.3109\/15622975.2011.562244","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-62-2-319","article-title":"The responses of plasma adrenocorticotropin and cortisol to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and cerebrospinal fluid immunoreactive CRH in anorexia nervosa patients","volume":"62","author":"Hotta M","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hotta M, Shibasaki T, Masuda A, Imaki T, Demura H, Ling N, Shizume K. The responses of plasma adrenocorticotropin and cortisol to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and cerebrospinal fluid immunoreactive CRH in anorexia nervosa patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986, 62:319-24. 10.1210\/jcem-62-2-319","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1702","article-title":"Oxytocin secretion is associated with severity of disordered eating psychopathology and insular cortex hypoactivation in anorexia nervosa","volume":"97","author":"Lawson EA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lawson EA, Holsen LM, Santin M, et al.. Oxytocin secretion is associated with severity of disordered eating psychopathology and insular cortex hypoactivation in anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012, 97:E1898-908. 10.1210\/jc.2012-1702","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(94)91167-3","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid TRH immunoreactivity in anorexia nervosa","volume":"35","author":"Lesem MD","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lesem MD, Kaye WH, Bissette G, Jimerson DC, Nemeroff CB. Cerebrospinal fluid TRH immunoreactivity in anorexia nervosa. Biol Psychiatry. 1994, 35:48-53. 10.1016\/0006-3223(94)91167-3","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(88)90024-8","article-title":"CSF somatostatin in anorexia nervosa and bulimia: relationship to the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal cortical axis","volume":"13","author":"Kaye WH","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kaye WH, Rubinow D, Gwirtsman HE, George DT, Jimerson DC, Gold PW. CSF somatostatin in anorexia nervosa and bulimia: relationship to the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal cortical axis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1988, 13:265-72. 10.1016\/0306-4530(88)90024-8","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.06.006","article-title":"Plasma agouti-related protein levels in women with anorexia nervosa","volume":"31","author":"Moriya J","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moriya J, Takimoto Y, Yoshiuchi K, Shimosawa T, Akabayashi A. Plasma agouti-related protein levels in women with anorexia nervosa. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2006, 31:1057-61. 10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.06.006","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.931952","article-title":"Changes of plasma obestatin, ghrelin and NPY in anorexia and bulimia nervosa patients before and after a high-carbohydrate breakfast","volume":"60","author":"Sedl\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1 D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sedl\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1 D, Kope\u010dkov\u00e1 J, Pape\u017eov\u00e1 H, Vyb\u00edral S, Kvasni\u010dkov\u00e1 H, Hill M, Nedv\u00eddkov\u00e1 J. Changes of plasma obestatin, ghrelin and NPY in anorexia and bulimia nervosa patients before and after a high-carbohydrate breakfast. Physiol Res. 2011, 60:165-73. 10.33549\/physiolres.931952","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198305123081902","article-title":"Abnormalities in plasma and cerebrospinal-fluid arginine vasopressin in patients with anorexia nervosa","volume":"308","author":"Gold PW","year":"1983","unstructured":"Gold PW, Kaye W, Robertson GL, Ebert M. Abnormalities in plasma and cerebrospinal-fluid arginine vasopressin in patients with anorexia nervosa. N Engl J Med. 1983, 308:1117-23. 10.1056\/NEJM198305123081902","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2818","article-title":"Determinants of skeletal loss and recovery in anorexia nervosa","volume":"91","author":"Miller KK","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miller KK, Lee EE, Lawson EA, et al.. Determinants of skeletal loss and recovery in anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006, 91:2931-7. 10.1210\/jc.2005-2818","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.10101","article-title":"Fractures in patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other eating disorders--a nationwide register study","volume":"32","author":"Vestergaard P","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vestergaard P, Emborg C, St\u00f8ving RK, Hagen C, Mosekilde L, Brixen K. Fractures in patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other eating disorders--a nationwide register study. Int J Eat Disord. 2002, 32:301-8. 10.1002\/eat.10101","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2001-011889","article-title":"Abnormal bone mineral accrual in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa","volume":"87","author":"Soyka LA","year":"2002","unstructured":"Soyka LA, Misra M, Frenchman A, Miller KK, Grinspoon S, Schoenfeld DA, Klibanski A. Abnormal bone mineral accrual in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002, 87:4177-85. 10.1210\/jc.2001-011889","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05363-5","article-title":"Long-term prognosis in anorexia nervosa: lessons from a 21-year follow-up study","volume":"355","author":"Zipfel S","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zipfel S, Lowe B, Reas DL, Deter HC, Herzog W. Long-term prognosis in anorexia nervosa: lessons from a 21-year follow-up study. Lancet. 2000, 355:721-2. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05363-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-10-200011210-00011","article-title":"Prevalence and predictive factors for regional osteopenia in women with anorexia nervosa","volume":"133","author":"Grinspoon S","year":"2000","unstructured":"Grinspoon S, Thomas E, Pitts S, et al.. Prevalence and predictive factors for regional osteopenia in women with anorexia nervosa. Ann Intern Med. 2000, 133:790-4. 10.7326\/0003-4819-133-10-200011210-00011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2492080173","article-title":"Distal radius in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa: trabecular structure analysis with high-resolution flat-panel volume CT","volume":"249","author":"Bredella MA","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bredella MA, Misra M, Miller KK, et al.. Distal radius in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa: trabecular structure analysis with high-resolution flat-panel volume CT. Radiology. 2008, 249:938-46. 10.1148\/radiol.2492080173","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11468","article-title":"The mechanisms of estrogen regulation of bone resorption","volume":"106","author":"Riggs BL","year":"2000","unstructured":"Riggs BL. The mechanisms of estrogen regulation of bone resorption. J Clin Invest. 2000, 106:1203-4. 10.1172\/JCI11468","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M413274200","article-title":"Sclerostin binds to LRP5\/6 and antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling","volume":"280","author":"Li X","year":"2005","unstructured":"Li X, Zhang Y, Kang H, et al.. Sclerostin binds to LRP5\/6 and antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling. J Biol Chem. 2005, 280:19883-7. 10.1074\/jbc.M413274200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.06.006","article-title":"Sclerostin levels and bone turnover markers in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and healthy adolescent girls","volume":"51","author":"Faje AT","year":"2012","unstructured":"Faje AT, Fazeli PK, Katzman DK, et al.. Sclerostin levels and bone turnover markers in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and healthy adolescent girls. Bone. 2012, 51:474-9. 10.1016\/j.bone.2012.06.006","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1659","article-title":"Alendronate for the treatment of osteopenia in anorexia nervosa: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"90","author":"Golden NH","year":"2005","unstructured":"Golden NH, Iglesias EA, Jacobson MS, et al.. Alendronate for the treatment of osteopenia in anorexia nervosa: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005, 90:3179-85. 10.1210\/jc.2004-1659","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-1781(03)00024-6","article-title":"Effect of menatetrenone (vitamin K2) treatment on bone loss in patients with anorexia nervosa","volume":"117","author":"Iketani T","year":"2003","unstructured":"Iketani T, Kiriike N, Murray, et al.. Effect of menatetrenone (vitamin K2) treatment on bone loss in patients with anorexia nervosa. Psychiatry Res. 2003, 117:259-69. 10.1016\/s0165-1781(03)00024-6","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.83.1.4484","article-title":"Effects of short-term insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) or growth hormone (GH) treatment on bone metabolism and on production of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in GH-deficient adults","volume":"83","author":"Bianda T","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bianda T, Glatz Y, Bouillon R, Froesch ER, Schmid C. Effects of short-term insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) or growth hormone (GH) treatment on bone metabolism and on production of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in GH-deficient adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998, 83:81-7. 10.1210\/jcem.83.1.4484","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1365.008","article-title":"Open issues in anorexia nervosa: prevention and therapy of bone loss","volume":"1092","author":"Bruni V","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bruni V, Filicetti MF, Pontello V. Open issues in anorexia nervosa: prevention and therapy of bone loss. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006, 1092:91-102. 10.1196\/annals.1365.008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/69820-the-pathophysiology-of-anorexia-nervosa-in-hypothalamic-endocrine-function-and-bone-metabolism","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:34:17Z","timestamp":1707507257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/69820-the-pathophysiology-of-anorexia-nervosa-in-hypothalamic-endocrine-function-and-bone-metabolism"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"references-count":54,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.20548","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]}}}