{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T09:39:03Z","timestamp":1772271543543,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.21442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T04:58:07Z","timestamp":1642654687000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Negative Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 PCR Conversion in Response to Different Therapeutic Interventions"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Hassan","family":"Alwafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed H","family":"Shabrawishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdallah Y","family":"Naser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad M","family":"Aldobyany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sultan A","family":"Qanash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdelfattah  A","family":"Touman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) weekly epidemiological update and weekly operational update. (2022). Accessed: May 4, 2020: https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/situation-reports."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study","volume":"395","author":"Chen N","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al.. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020, 395:507-13. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001468","article-title":"Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany","volume":"382","author":"Rothe C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, et al.. Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany. N Engl J Med. 2020, 382:970-1. 10.1056\/NEJMc2001468","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2565","article-title":"Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19","volume":"323","author":"Bai Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bai Y, Yao L, Wei T, Tian F, Jin DY, Chen L, Wang M. Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19. JAMA. 2020, 323:1406-7. 10.1001\/jama.2020.2565","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000819","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment protocol for novel coronavirus pneumonia (trial version 7)","volume":"133","year":"2020","unstructured":"Diagnosis and treatment protocol for novel coronavirus pneumonia (trial version 7). Chin Med J (Engl). 2020, 133.1087-95. 10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000819","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Saudi center for disease prevention and control. Quick interim guide to COVID-19 surveillance case definition and disposition. (2020). https.\/\/covid19.cdc.gov.sa\/."},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. Information for clinicians on investigational therapeutics for patients with COVID-19. (2020). Accessed: May 4, 2020: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/hcp\/therapeutic-options.html."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial","volume":"56","author":"Gautret P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gautret P, Lagier JC, Parola P, et al.. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020, 56:105949. 10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105932","article-title":"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as available weapons to fight COVID-19","volume":"55","author":"Colson P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Colson P, Rolain JM, Lagier JC, Brouqui P, Raoult D. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as available weapons to fight COVID-19. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020, 55:105932. 10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105932","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-020-0156-0","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro","volume":"6","author":"Liu J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu J, Cao R, Xu M, et al.. Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Cell Discov. 2020, 6:16. 10.1038\/s41421-020-0156-0","journal-title":"Cell Discov"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa237","article-title":"In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","volume":"71","author":"Yao X","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yao X, Ye F, Zhang M, et al.. In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clin Infect Dis. 2020, 71:732-9. 10.1093\/cid\/ciaa237","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0282-0","article-title":"Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro","volume":"30","author":"Wang M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, et al.. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res. 2020, 30:269-71. 10.1038\/s41422-020-0282-0","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3785\/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.03.03","article-title":"[A pilot study of hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients with moderate COVID-19]","volume":"49","author":"Chen J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen J, Liu D, Liu L, et al.. [A pilot study of hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients with moderate COVID-19]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2020, 49:215-9. 10.3785\/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.03.03","journal-title":"Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1432","article-title":"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in covid-19","volume":"369","author":"Ferner RE","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferner RE, Aronson JK. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in covid-19. BMJ. 2020, 369:m1432. 10.1136\/bmj.m1432","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0903700112","article-title":"Survival after massive hydroxychloroquine overdose","volume":"37","author":"Gunja N","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gunja N, Roberts D, McCoubrie D, et al.. Survival after massive hydroxychloroquine overdose. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2009, 37:130-3. 10.1177\/0310057X0903700112","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0888-2","article-title":"The QT interval in patients with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin","volume":"26","author":"Chorin E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chorin E, Dai M, Shulman E, et al.. The QT interval in patients with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. Nat Med. 2020, 26:808-9. 10.1038\/s41591-020-0888-2","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.4.569","article-title":"Fulminant hepatic failure secondary to hydroxychloroquine","volume":"35","author":"Makin AJ","year":"1994","unstructured":"Makin AJ, Wendon J, Fitt S, Portmann BC, Williams R. Fulminant hepatic failure secondary to hydroxychloroquine. Gut. 1994, 35:569-70. 10.1136\/gut.35.4.569","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2001.00857-3.x","article-title":"Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with hydroxychloroquine","volume":"26","author":"Murphy M","year":"2001","unstructured":"Murphy M, Carmichael AJ. Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with hydroxychloroquine. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2001, 26:457-8. 10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2001.00857-3.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","article-title":"Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Zhou F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al.. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020, 395:1054-62. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.16.20065920","article-title":"Outcomes of hydroxychloroquine usage in United States veterans hospitalized with Covid-19","author":"Magagnoli J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Magagnoli J, Narendran S, Pereira F, Cummings T, Hardin JW, Sutton SS, Ambati J. Outcomes of hydroxychloroquine usage in United States veterans hospitalized with Covid-19. medRxiv. 2020, 10.1101\/2020.04.16.20065920","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1730","article-title":"Mental health status of the general population, healthcare professionals, and university students during 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak in Jordan: a cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Naser AY","year":"2020","unstructured":"Naser AY, Dahmash EZ, Al-Rousan R, et al.. Mental health status of the general population, healthcare professionals, and university students during 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak in Jordan: a cross-sectional study. Brain Behav. 2020, 10:e01730. 10.1002\/brb3.1730","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00506","article-title":"Epidemiology of COVID-19 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: an ecological study","volume":"8","author":"Alyami MH","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alyami MH, Naser AY, Orabi MA, Alwafi H, Alyami HS. Epidemiology of COVID-19 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: an ecological study. Front Public Health. 2020, 8:506. 10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00506","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237130","article-title":"Clinical, radiological and therapeutic characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia","volume":"15","author":"Shabrawishi M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shabrawishi M, Al-Gethamy MM, Naser AY, et al.. Clinical, radiological and therapeutic characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. PLoS One. 2020, 15:e0237130. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0237130","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18147645","article-title":"Incidence and outcomes of pulmonary embolism among hospitalized COVID-19 patients","volume":"18","author":"Badr OI","year":"2021","unstructured":"Badr OI, Alwafi H, Elrefaey WA, Naser AY, Shabrawishi M, Alsairafi Z, Alsaleh FM. Incidence and outcomes of pulmonary embolism among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021, 18:10.3390\/ijerph18147645","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14244","article-title":"Depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"75","author":"Alyami HS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alyami HS, Naser AY, Dahmash EZ, Alyami MH, Alyami MS. Depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Pract. 2021, 75:e14244. 10.1111\/ijcp.14244","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764020966631","article-title":"The effect of the 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak on social relationships: a cross-sectional study in Jordan","author":"Naser AY","year":"2020","unstructured":"Naser AY, Al-Hadithi HT, Dahmash EZ, Alwafi H, Alwan SS, Abdullah ZA. The effect of the 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak on social relationships: a cross-sectional study in Jordan. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020, 20764020966631. 10.1177\/0020764020966631","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S304788","article-title":"Predictors of length of hospital stay, mortality, and outcomes among hospitalised COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Alwafi H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alwafi H, Naser AY, Qanash S, et al.. Predictors of length of hospital stay, mortality, and outcomes among hospitalised COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2021, 14:839-52. 10.2147\/JMDH.S304788","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101663","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: a pilot observational study","volume":"34","author":"Gautret P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gautret P, Lagier JC, Parola P, et al.. Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: a pilot observational study. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020, 34:101663. 10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101663","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"Ministry of Health - Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. COVID-19 guidelines. (2020). https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sa\/en\/Ministry\/MediaCenter\/Publications\/Pages\/covid19.aspx."},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health. COVID-19 vaccines. (2021). Accessed: January 17, 2021: https:\/\/covid19.nih.gov\/treatments-and-vaccines\/covid-19-vaccines."}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/82181-negative-nasopharyngeal-sars-cov-2-pcr-conversion-in-response-to-different-therapeutic-interventions","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T14:36:06Z","timestamp":1707489366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/82181-negative-nasopharyngeal-sars-cov-2-pcr-conversion-in-response-to-different-therapeutic-interventions"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.21442","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.05.08.20095679","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]}}}