{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T22:52:10Z","timestamp":1769208730346,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.23018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T08:31:08Z","timestamp":1646901068000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Smoking on the Healing of Tibial Shaft Fractures in a Rural Indian Population"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Nandini","family":"Sanjay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arun H","family":"Shanthappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Handbook of fractures 6th edition","author":"Egol KA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Egol KA, Koval KJ, Zuckermann J. Handbook of fractures 6th edition. Wolters Kluwer, Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands; 2020."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/AIMJ.2020.24430.1157","article-title":"Retrospective study evaluating the results of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in management of distal tibial fractures","volume":"1","author":"Nabil A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nabil A, Moawad M, Yassin IA. Retrospective study evaluating the results of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in management of distal tibial fractures. Al-Azhar Int Med J. 2020, 1:69-73. 10.21608\/AIMJ.2020.24430.1157","journal-title":"Al-Azhar Int Med J"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Fracture healing overview","author":"Sheen JR","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sheen JR, Garla VV. Fracture healing overview. StatPearls, Treasure Island, FL; 2021."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1460408613504064","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and its impact on fracture healing","volume":"16","author":"Bender D","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bender D, Jefferson-Keil T, Biglari B, Swing T, Schmidmaier G, Moghaddam A. Cigarette smoking and its impact on fracture healing. Trauma. 2013, 16:18-22. 10.1177\/1460408613504064","journal-title":"Trauma"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00380","article-title":"Number of cigarettes smoked per day, smoking index, and intracranial aneurysm rupture: a case-control study","volume":"9","author":"Feng X","year":"2018","unstructured":"Feng X, Qian Z, Zhang B, et al.. Number of cigarettes smoked per day, smoking index, and intracranial aneurysm rupture: a case-control study. Front Neurol. 2018, 9:380. 10.3389\/fneur.2018.00380","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200101000-00002","article-title":"The musculoskeletal effects of smoking","volume":"9","author":"Porter SE","year":"2001","unstructured":"Porter SE, Hanley EN Jr. The musculoskeletal effects of smoking. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2001, 9:9-17. 10.5435\/00124635-200101000-00002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.03.014","article-title":"Cigarette smoking decreases TGF-b1 serum concentrations after long bone fracture","volume":"41","author":"Moghaddam A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moghaddam A, Weiss S, W\u00f6lfl CG, Schmeckenbecher K, Wentzensen A, Gr\u00fctzner PA, Zimmermann G. Cigarette smoking decreases TGF-b1 serum concentrations after long bone fracture. Injury. 2010, 41:1020-5. 10.1016\/j.injury.2010.03.014","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"The effect of smoking on fracture healing and on various orthopaedic procedures","volume":"78","author":"Al-Hadithy N","year":"2012","unstructured":"Al-Hadithy N, Sewell MD, Bhavikatti M, Gikas PD. The effect of smoking on fracture healing and on various orthopaedic procedures. Acta Orthop Belg. 2012, 78:285-90.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.26.2000142","article-title":"The effect of smoking on bone healing: a systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Patel RA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Patel RA, Wilson RF, Patel PA, Palmer RM. The effect of smoking on bone healing: a systematic review. Bone Joint Res. 2013, 2:102-11. 10.1302\/2046-3758.26.2000142","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Deleterious effect of smoking on healing of open tibia-shaft fractures","volume":"31","author":"Harvey EJ","year":"2002","unstructured":"Harvey EJ, Agel J, Selznick HS, Chapman JR, Henley MB. Deleterious effect of smoking on healing of open tibia-shaft fractures. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2002, 31:518-21.","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2019.01.015","article-title":"Predictors of mechanical complications after intramedullary nailing of tibial fractures","volume":"105","author":"Manon J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manon J, Detrembleur C, Van de Veyver S, Tribak K, Cornu O, Putineanu D. Predictors of mechanical complications after intramedullary nailing of tibial fractures. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2019, 105:523-7. 10.1016\/j.otsr.2019.01.015","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Retrospective study of effect of smoking in tibial fracture healing: an original study","volume":"4","author":"Anoop S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anoop S, D\u2019souza A, Ahammed I. Retrospective study of effect of smoking in tibial fracture healing: an original study. Sch J App Med Sci. 2016, 4:3340-8.","journal-title":"Sch J App Med Sci"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199908000-00024","article-title":"Effect of smoking on tibial shaft fracture healing","author":"Schmitz MA","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schmitz MA, Finnegan M, Natarajan R, Champine J. Effect of smoking on tibial shaft fracture healing. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1999, 184-200. 10.1097\/00003086-199908000-00024","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00081","article-title":"Cigarette smoking increases complications following fracture: a systematic review","volume":"96","author":"Scolaro JA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Scolaro JA, Schenker ML, Yannascoli S, Baldwin K, Mehta S, Ahn J. Cigarette smoking increases complications following fracture: a systematic review. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014, 96:674-81. 10.2106\/JBJS.M.00081","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0020-1383(00)00121-2","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and open tibial fractures","volume":"32","author":"Adams CI","year":"2001","unstructured":"Adams CI, Keating JF, Court-Brown CM. Cigarette smoking and open tibial fractures. Injury. 2001, 32:61-5. 10.1016\/s0020-1383(00)00121-2","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200503000-00001","article-title":"Impact of smoking on fracture healing and risk of complications in limb-threatening open tibia fractures","volume":"19","author":"Castillo RC","year":"2005","unstructured":"Castillo RC, Bosse MJ, MacKenzie EJ, Patterson BM. Impact of smoking on fracture healing and risk of complications in limb-threatening open tibia fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2005, 19:151-7. 10.1097\/00005131-200503000-00001","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"[The adverse effects of smoking on healing of open tibial fractures]","volume":"146","author":"Hoogendoorn JM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hoogendoorn JM, van der Werken C. [The adverse effects of smoking on healing of open tibial fractures]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2002, 146:1640-4.","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.05.011","article-title":"Cigarette smoking influences the clinical and occupational outcome of patients with tibial shaft fractures","volume":"42","author":"Moghaddam A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moghaddam A, Zimmermann G, Hammer K, Bruckner T, Gr\u00fctzner PA, von Recum J. Cigarette smoking influences the clinical and occupational outcome of patients with tibial shaft fractures. Injury. 2011, 42:1435-42. 10.1016\/j.injury.2011.05.011","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Smoking abstinence. Is it necessary before spinal fusion?","volume":"19","author":"Whitesides TE Jr","year":"1994","unstructured":"Whitesides TE Jr, Hanley EN Jr, Fellrath RF Jr. Smoking abstinence. Is it necessary before spinal fusion?. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1994, 19:2012-4.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079801901211","article-title":"Wound-healing risk factors after open reduction and internal fixation of calcaneal fractures","volume":"19","author":"Abidi NA","year":"1998","unstructured":"Abidi NA, Dhawan S, Gruen GS, Vogt MT, Conti SF. Wound-healing risk factors after open reduction and internal fixation of calcaneal fractures. Foot Ankle Int. 1998, 19:856-61. 10.1177\/107110079801901211","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"The influence of smoking on complications after primary amputations of the lower extremity","author":"Lind J","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lind J, Kramh\u00f8ft M, B\u00f8dtker S. The influence of smoking on complications after primary amputations of the lower extremity. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1991, 211-7.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"The effect of cigarette smoking on fracture healing: an animal model","volume":"37","author":"Lau GC","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lau GC, Luck JV, Marshall GJ, Griffith G. The effect of cigarette smoking on fracture healing: an animal model. Clin Res. 1989, 37:132.","journal-title":"Clin Res"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/85913-effect-of-smoking-on-the-healing-of-tibial-shaft-fractures-in-a-rural-indian-population","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:41:06Z","timestamp":1707507666000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/85913-effect-of-smoking-on-the-healing-of-tibial-shaft-fractures-in-a-rural-indian-population"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"references-count":22,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.23018","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]}}}