{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T20:11:05Z","timestamp":1773259865619,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.23417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T12:16:21Z","timestamp":1648037781000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Reactivation of Tuberculosis in the Setting of COVID-19 Infection"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Atif Masood","family":"Noori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Islam","family":"Younes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asnia","family":"Latif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hardik","family":"Fichadiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherif","family":"Elkattawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harshwardhan","family":"Khandait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Onyeka","family":"Nawachukwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vipin","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14080807","article-title":"Lung fibrosis after COVID-19: treatment prospects","volume":"14","author":"Bazdyrev E","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bazdyrev E, Rusina P, Panova M, Novikov F, Grishagin I, Nebolsin V. Lung fibrosis after COVID-19: treatment prospects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021, 14:10.3390\/ph14080807","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.09.065","article-title":"Thrombotic complications of COVID-19","volume":"39","author":"Avila J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Avila J, Long B, Holladay D, Gottlieb M. Thrombotic complications of COVID-19. Am J Emerg Med. 2021, 39:213-8. 10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.09.065","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.711616","article-title":"COVID-19: pulmonary and extra pulmonary manifestations","volume":"9","author":"Elrobaa IH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elrobaa IH, New KJ. COVID-19: pulmonary and extra pulmonary manifestations. Front Public Health. 2021, 9:711616. 10.3389\/fpubh.2021.711616","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00827","article-title":"Reduction and functional exhaustion of T Cells in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"11","author":"Diao B","year":"2020","unstructured":"Diao B, Wang C, Tan Y, et al.. Reduction and functional exhaustion of T Cells in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Front Immunol. 2020, 11:827. 10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00827","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002152","article-title":"The global burden of latent tuberculosis infection: a re-estimation using mathematical modelling","volume":"13","author":"Houben RM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Houben RM, Dodd PJ. The global burden of latent tuberculosis infection: a re-estimation using mathematical modelling. PLoS Med. 2016, 13:e1002152. 10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002152","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.7.4195-4201.2001","article-title":"Tuberculosis: latency and reactivation","volume":"69","author":"Flynn JL","year":"2001","unstructured":"Flynn JL, Chan J. Tuberculosis: latency and reactivation. Infect Immun. 2001, 69:4195-201. 10.1128\/IAI.69.7.4195-4201.2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis control: an overview","volume":"5","author":"Alene KA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alene KA, Wangdi K, Clements AC. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis control: an overview. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2020, 5:123.","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01578-2017","article-title":"Intensity of exposure to pulmonary tuberculosis determines risk of tuberculosis infection and disease","volume":"51","author":"Acu\u00f1a-Villaordu\u00f1a C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Acu\u00f1a-Villaordu\u00f1a C, Jones-L\u00f3pez EC, Fregona G, et al.. Intensity of exposure to pulmonary tuberculosis determines risk of tuberculosis infection and disease. Eur Respir J. 2018, 51:10.1183\/13993003.01578-2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2016.10","article-title":"Updates on the risk factors for latent tuberculosis reactivation and their managements","volume":"5","author":"Ai JW","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ai JW, Ruan QL, Liu QH, Zhang WH. Updates on the risk factors for latent tuberculosis reactivation and their managements. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2016, 5:e10. 10.1038\/emi.2016.10","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2021436","article-title":"Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19","volume":"384","author":"Horby P","year":"2021","unstructured":"Horby P, Lim WS, Emberson JR, et al.. Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2021, 384:693-704. 10.1056\/NEJMoa2021436","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2020.108427","article-title":"COVID-19 pathophysiology: a review","volume":"215","author":"Yuki K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yuki K, Fujiogi M, Koutsogiannaki S. COVID-19 pathophysiology: a review. Clin Immunol. 2020, 215:108427. 10.1016\/j.clim.2020.108427","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073773","article-title":"Corticosteroids for COVID-19 therapy: potential implications on tuberculosis","volume":"22","author":"Gopalaswamy R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gopalaswamy R, Subbian S. Corticosteroids for COVID-19 therapy: potential implications on tuberculosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2021, 22:3773.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/1249","article-title":"Pharmacologic immunosuppression","volume":"9","author":"Barshes NR","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barshes NR, Goodpastor SE, Goss JA. Pharmacologic immunosuppression. Front Biosci. 2004, 9:411-20. 10.2741\/1249","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.706482","article-title":"Risk of reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and tuberculosis (TB) and complications of hepatitis C virus (HCV) following Tocilizumab therapy: a systematic review to inform risk assessment in the COVID era","volume":"8","author":"Campbell C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Campbell C, Andersson MI, Ansari MA, Moswela O, Misbah SA, Klenerman P, Matthews PC. Risk of reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and tuberculosis (TB) and complications of hepatitis C virus (HCV) following Tocilizumab therapy: a systematic review to inform risk assessment in the COVID era. Front Med. 2021, 8:10.3389\/fmed.2021.706482","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2017.04.002","article-title":"Safety and effectiveness of tocilizumab in treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis - a three-year study in Taiwan","volume":"52","author":"Lin CT","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin CT, Huang WN, Hsieh CW, Chen YM, Chen DY, Hsieh TY, Chen YH. Safety and effectiveness of tocilizumab in treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis - a three-year study in Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2019, 52:141-50. 10.1016\/j.jmii.2017.04.002","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.05.030","article-title":"Tuberculosis sepsis after tocilizumab treatment","volume":"26","author":"Reisinger AC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reisinger AC, Hermann J, Vagena FR, Hackl G, Eller P. Tuberculosis sepsis after tocilizumab treatment. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020, 26:1493-4. 10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.05.030","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.06.077883","article-title":"Coronavirus activates a stem cell-mediated defense mechanism that reactivates dormant tuberculosis: implications in COVID-19 pandemic","author":"Pathak L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pathak L, Gayan S, Pal B, et al.. Coronavirus activates a stem cell-mediated defense mechanism that reactivates dormant tuberculosis: implications in COVID-19 pandemic. bioRxiv. 2020, 10.1101\/2020.05.06.077883","journal-title":"bioRxiv"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/89288-reactivation-of-tuberculosis-in-the-setting-of-covid-19-infection","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:42:41Z","timestamp":1707507761000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/89288-reactivation-of-tuberculosis-in-the-setting-of-covid-19-infection"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"references-count":17,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.23417","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]}}}