{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T01:53:36Z","timestamp":1780624416226,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.24850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T16:01:38Z","timestamp":1652112098000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cardiac Sarcoidosis Diagnostic Challenges and Management: A Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Richa","family":"Jaiswal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laseena","family":"Vaisyambath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azadeh","family":"Khayyat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nkechinyere","family":"Unachukwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bibimariyam","family":"Nasyrlaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Asad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie P","family":"Fabara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Balan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sree","family":"Kolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rizwan","family":"Rabbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4341098","article-title":"A unique case of complete atrioventricular block rapidly progressing to diastolic and systolic dysfunction in cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"2019","author":"Mbachi CU","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mbachi CU, Ajiboye O, Ezegwu O, Mba B. A unique case of complete atrioventricular block rapidly progressing to diastolic and systolic dysfunction in cardiac sarcoidosis. Case Rep Med. 2019, 2019:4341098. 10.1155\/2019\/4341098","journal-title":"Case Rep Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/CJ.a2018.0104","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis and ventricular arrhythmias. A rare association of a rare disease. A retrospective cohort study from the National Inpatient Sample and current evidence for management","volume":"27","author":"Salama A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salama A, Abdullah A, Wahab A, Eigbire G, Hoefen R, Alweis R. Cardiac sarcoidosis and ventricular arrhythmias. A rare association of a rare disease. A retrospective cohort study from the National Inpatient Sample and current evidence for management. Cardiol J. 2020, 27:272-7. 10.5603\/CJ.a2018.0104","journal-title":"Cardiol J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/yty103","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis presenting with syncope and rapidly progressive atrioventricular block: a case report","volume":"2","author":"Tan JL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tan JL, Sharma SK. Cardiac sarcoidosis presenting with syncope and rapidly progressive atrioventricular block: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep. 2018, 2:yty103. 10.1093\/ehjcr\/yty103","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Case Rep"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(77)90121-8","article-title":"Sarcoidosis of the heart. A clinicopathologic study of 35 necropsy patients (group I) and review of 78 previously described necropsy patients (group II)","volume":"63","author":"Roberts WC","year":"1977","unstructured":"Roberts WC, McAllister HAJ, Ferrans VJ. Sarcoidosis of the heart. A clinicopathologic study of 35 necropsy patients (group I) and review of 78 previously described necropsy patients (group II). Am J Med. 1977, 63:86-108. 10.1016\/0002-9343(77)90121-8","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis","author":"Blankstein R","unstructured":"Blankstein R, Stewart G. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. Dardas FT, Calkins H, McKenna JW (ed): UpToDate,"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis: a case report and review of current diagnosis and management","volume":"26","author":"D. Valencia1","year":"2017","unstructured":"D. Valencia1, V. Valencia2, O. Jazayeri-Modhaddas3 YY. Cardiac sarcoidosis: a case report and review of current diagnosis and management. NJCC. 2017, 26:","journal-title":"NJCC"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2011.02396.x","article-title":"Diagnosing isolated cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"270","author":"Kandolin R","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kandolin R, Lehtonen J, Graner M, Schildt J, Salmenkivi K, Kivist\u00f6 SM, Kupari M. Diagnosing isolated cardiac sarcoidosis. J Intern Med. 2011, 270:461-8. 10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2011.02396.x","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2018.1511431","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis - an expert review for the chest physician","volume":"13","author":"Ho JS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ho JS, Chilvers ER, Thillai M. Cardiac sarcoidosis - an expert review for the chest physician. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2019, 13:507-20. 10.1080\/17476348.2018.1511431","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.2.ats4-99","article-title":"Statement on sarcoidosis","volume":"160","year":"1999","unstructured":"Statement on sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999, 160.736-55. 10.1164\/ajrccm.160.2.ats4-99","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.1.253","article-title":"Myocardial sarcoidosis","volume":"103","author":"Sharma OP","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sharma OP, Maheshwari A, Thaker K. Myocardial sarcoidosis. Chest. 1993, 103:253-8. 10.1378\/chest.103.1.253","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.58.6.1204","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoid: a clinicopathologic study of 84 unselected patients with systemic sarcoidosis","volume":"58","author":"Silverman KJ","year":"1978","unstructured":"Silverman KJ, Hutchins GM, Bulkley BH. Cardiac sarcoid: a clinicopathologic study of 84 unselected patients with systemic sarcoidosis. Circulation. 1978, 58:1204-11. 10.1161\/01.cir.58.6.1204","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.080481","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"92","author":"Doughan AR","year":"2006","unstructured":"Doughan AR, Williams BR. Cardiac sarcoidosis. Heart. 2006, 92:282-8. 10.1136\/hrt.2005.080481","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)89518-6","article-title":"Sarcoidosis mortality in the United States 1979-1991: an analysis of multiple-cause mortality data","volume":"100","author":"Gideon NM","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gideon NM, Mannino DM. Sarcoidosis mortality in the United States 1979-1991: an analysis of multiple-cause mortality data. Am J Med. 1996, 100:423-427. 10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)89518-6","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0735-1097(02)02715-8","article-title":"A clinical and histopathologic comparison of cardiac sarcoidosis and idiopathic giant cell myocarditis","volume":"41","author":"Okura Y","year":"2003","unstructured":"Okura Y, Dec GW, Hare JM, et al.. A clinical and histopathologic comparison of cardiac sarcoidosis and idiopathic giant cell myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003, 41:322-329. 10.1016\/s0735-1097(02)02715-8","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9149(01)01978-6","article-title":"Prognostic determinants of long-term survival in Japanese patients with cardiac sarcoidosis treated with prednisone","volume":"88","author":"Yazaki Y","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yazaki Y, Isobe M, Hiroe M, et al.. Prognostic determinants of long-term survival in Japanese patients with cardiac sarcoidosis treated with prednisone. Am J Cardiol. 2001, 88:1006-10. 10.1016\/s0002-9149(01)01978-6","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.08.083","article-title":"Prevention of left ventricular remodeling by long-term corticosteroid therapy in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"95","author":"Chiu CZ","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chiu CZ, Nakatani S, Zhang G, et al.. Prevention of left ventricular remodeling by long-term corticosteroid therapy in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis. Am J Cardiol. 2005, 95:143-6. 10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.08.083","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"[Cardiac sarcoidosis - clinical manifestation and diagnosis]","volume":"41","author":"B\u0142aut-Jurkowska J","year":"2016","unstructured":"B\u0142aut-Jurkowska J, Podolec P, Olszowska M. [Cardiac sarcoidosis - clinical manifestation and diagnosis]. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2016, 41:101-6.","journal-title":"Pol Merkur Lekarski"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/rjim-2018-0030","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis: case presentation and review of the literature","volume":"57","author":"Chamorro-Pareja N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chamorro-Pareja N, Marin-Acevedo JA, Chiril\u0103 RM. Cardiac sarcoidosis: case presentation and review of the literature. Rom J Intern Med. 2019, 57:7-13. 10.2478\/rjim-2018-0030","journal-title":"Rom J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-8703(99)70115-8","article-title":"Histologic diagnostic rate of cardiac sarcoidosis: evaluation of endomyocardial biopsies","volume":"138","author":"Uemura A","year":"1999","unstructured":"Uemura A, Morimoto S, Hiramitsu S, Kato Y, Ito T, Hishida H. Histologic diagnostic rate of cardiac sarcoidosis: evaluation of endomyocardial biopsies. Am Heart J. 1999, 138:299-302. 10.1016\/s0002-8703(99)70115-8","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.186093","article-title":"The role of endomyocardial biopsy in the management of cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, and the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"116","author":"Cooper LT","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cooper LT, Baughman KL, Feldman AM, et al.. The role of endomyocardial biopsy in the management of cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, and the European Society of Cardiology. Circulation. 2007, 116:2216-33. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.186093","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2012.09.009","article-title":"Isolated cardiac sarcoidosis: establishing the diagnosis with electroanatomic mapping-guided endomyocardial biopsy","volume":"29","author":"Nery PB","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nery PB, Keren A, Healey J, Leug E, Beanlands RS, Birnie DH. Isolated cardiac sarcoidosis: establishing the diagnosis with electroanatomic mapping-guided endomyocardial biopsy. Can J Cardiol. 2013, 29:1015.e1-3. 10.1016\/j.cjca.2012.09.009","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2016.08.013","article-title":"Infrequent cardiac manifestations of sarcoidosis","volume":"45","author":"Ashraf S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ashraf S, Briasoulis A, Afonso L. Infrequent cardiac manifestations of sarcoidosis. Heart Lung. 2016, 45:515-6. 10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2016.08.013","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.04.006","article-title":"Unusual cardiovascular manifestations of sarcoidosis, a report of three cases: coronary artery aneurysm with myocardial infarction, symptomatic mitral valvular disease, and sudden death from ruptured splenic artery","volume":"19","author":"Barton JH","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barton JH, Tavora F, Farb A, Li L, Burke AP. Unusual cardiovascular manifestations of sarcoidosis, a report of three cases: coronary artery aneurysm with myocardial infarction, symptomatic mitral valvular disease, and sudden death from ruptured splenic artery. Cardiovasc Pathol. 2010, 19:e119-23. 10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.04.006","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/omcr\/omz033","article-title":"Spontaneous coronary artery dissection in cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"2019","author":"Kandolin R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kandolin R, Ekstr\u00f6m K, Simard T, et al.. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection in cardiac sarcoidosis. Oxf Med Case Reports. 2019, 2019:omz033. 10.1093\/omcr\/omz033","journal-title":"Oxf Med Case Reports"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis: from diagnosis to treatment","volume":"165(4)","author":"Kysperska K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kysperska K, Kuchynka P, Palecek T. Cardiac sarcoidosis: from diagnosis to treatment. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2021, 165(4):347-359.","journal-title":"Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2018.10.021","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"123","author":"Tan JL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tan JL, Fong HK, Birati EY, Han Y. Cardiac sarcoidosis. Am J Cardiol. 2019, 123:513-22. 10.1016\/j.amjcard.2018.10.021","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v12.i6.291","article-title":"Exercise-induced torsades de pointes as an unusual presentation of cardiac sarcoidosis: a case report and review of literature","volume":"12","author":"Ghafari C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghafari C, Vandergheynst F, Parent E, Tanaka K, Carlier S. Exercise-induced torsades de pointes as an unusual presentation of cardiac sarcoidosis: a case report and review of literature. World J Cardiol. 2020, 12:291-302. 10.4330\/wjc.v12.i6.291","journal-title":"World J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17843286.2020.1724429","article-title":"Sarcoidosis presenting as cardiac tamponade: a case report","volume":"76","author":"Verdickt S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Verdickt S, De Man F, Haine E, Van Cleemput J. Sarcoidosis presenting as cardiac tamponade: a case report. Acta Clin Belg. 2021, 76:289-93. 10.1080\/17843286.2020.1724429","journal-title":"Acta Clin Belg"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2017.08.009","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis: a review of contemporary challenges in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"355","author":"Yatsynovich Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yatsynovich Y, Dittoe N, Petrov M, Maroz N. Cardiac sarcoidosis: a review of contemporary challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci. 2018, 355:113-25. 10.1016\/j.amjms.2017.08.009","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2003.07.024","article-title":"Sarcoid heart disease: clinical course and treatment","volume":"97","author":"Bargout R","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bargout R, Kelly RF. Sarcoid heart disease: clinical course and treatment. Int J Cardiol. 2004, 97:173-82. 10.1016\/j.ijcard.2003.07.024","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/88934-cardiac-sarcoidosis-diagnostic-challenges-and-management-a-case-report-and-literature-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:41:37Z","timestamp":1707507697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/88934-cardiac-sarcoidosis-diagnostic-challenges-and-management-a-case-report-and-literature-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.24850","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]}}}