{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T21:32:10Z","timestamp":1785879130619,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.25047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T16:25:40Z","timestamp":1652718340000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lesion Localization and Prognosis Using Electrodiagnostic Studies in Facial Diplegia: A Rare Variant of Guillain-Barre Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Liaquat","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alhatou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gholam","family":"Adeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama","family":"Elalamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasin","family":"Zada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imran","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Memon","family":"Noor Illahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Naeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambreen","family":"Iqrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182242d23","article-title":"The history of facial palsy and spasm: Hippocrates to Razi","volume":"77","author":"Sajadi MM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sajadi MM, Sajadi MR, Tabatabaie SM. The history of facial palsy and spasm: Hippocrates to Razi. Neurology. 2011, 77:174-8. 10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182242d23","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0025-7125(05)70096-1","article-title":"The facial nerve. Current trends in diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation","volume":"83","author":"Jackson CG","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jackson CG, von Doersten PG. The facial nerve. Current trends in diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. Med Clin North Am. 1999, 83:179-95, x. 10.1016\/s0025-7125(05)70096-1","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)31118-X","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of facial nerve palsy","volume":"24","author":"May M","year":"1991","unstructured":"May M, Klein SR. Differential diagnosis of facial nerve palsy. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1991, 24:613-45. 10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)31118-X","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489209136829","article-title":"Natural history of Bell's palsy","volume":"492","author":"Peitersen E","year":"1992","unstructured":"Peitersen E. Natural history of Bell's palsy. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1992, 492:122-4. 10.3109\/00016489209136829","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol Suppl"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947508400402","article-title":"Idiopathic facial paralysis, pregnancy, and the menstrual cycle","volume":"84","author":"Hilsinger RL Jr","year":"1975","unstructured":"Hilsinger RL Jr, Adour KK, Doty HE. Idiopathic facial paralysis, pregnancy, and the menstrual cycle. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1975, 84:433-42. 10.1177\/000348947508400402","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24542","article-title":"Etiology, diagnosis, and management of facial palsy: 2000 patients at a facial nerve center","volume":"124","author":"Hohman MH","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hohman MH, Hadlock TA. Etiology, diagnosis, and management of facial palsy: 2000 patients at a facial nerve center. Laryngoscope. 2014, 124:E283-93. 10.1002\/lary.24542","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/000164802760370736","article-title":"Bell's palsy: the spontaneous course of 2,500 peripheral facial nerve palsies of different etiologies","author":"Peitersen E","year":"2002","unstructured":"Peitersen E. Bell's palsy: the spontaneous course of 2,500 peripheral facial nerve palsies of different etiologies. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2002, 4-30. 10.1080\/000164802760370736","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol Suppl"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989010200606","article-title":"Practical management of Bell's palsy","volume":"102","author":"Hughes GB","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hughes GB. Practical management of Bell's palsy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1990, 102:658-63. 10.1177\/019459989010200606","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/14.1.263","article-title":"Facial palsy and infection: the unfolding story","volume":"14","author":"Morgan M","year":"1992","unstructured":"Morgan M, Nathwani D. Facial palsy and infection: the unfolding story. Clin Infect Dis. 1992, 14:263-71. 10.1093\/clinids\/14.1.263","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otot.2021.10.009","article-title":"Anatomy of the facial nerve","volume":"32","author":"Hovland N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hovland N, Phuong A, Lu GN. Anatomy of the facial nerve. Oper Tech Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021, 32:190-6. 10.1016\/j.otot.2021.10.009","journal-title":"Oper Tech Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10449","article-title":"Assessing anxiety, depression and quality of life in patients with peripheral facial palsy: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Cuenca-Mart\u00ednez F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cuenca-Mart\u00ednez F, Zapardiel-S\u00e1nchez E, Carrasco-Gonz\u00e1lez E, La Touche R, Suso-Mart\u00ed L. Assessing anxiety, depression and quality of life in patients with peripheral facial palsy: a systematic review. PeerJ. 2020, 8:e10449. 10.7717\/peerj.10449","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0268-0033(00)00062-0","article-title":"A computer analysis of reflex eyelid motion in normal subjects and in facial neuropathy","volume":"15","author":"Somia NN","year":"2000","unstructured":"Somia NN, Rash GS, Epstein EE, et al.. A computer analysis of reflex eyelid motion in normal subjects and in facial neuropathy. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2000, 15:766-71. 10.1016\/s0268-0033(00)00062-0","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.9.1685","article-title":"The late blink reflex response abnormality due to lesion of the lateral tegmental field","volume":"120 ( Pt 9)","author":"Aramideh M","year":"1997","unstructured":"Aramideh M, Ongerboer de Visser BW, Koelman JH, Majoie CB, Holstege G. The late blink reflex response abnormality due to lesion of the lateral tegmental field. Brain. 1997, 120 ( Pt 9):1685-92. 10.1093\/brain\/120.9.1685","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20770","article-title":"Electrodiagnostic studies of the facial nerve in peripheral facial palsy and hemifacial spasm","volume":"36","author":"Valls-Sol\u00e9 J","year":"2007","unstructured":"Valls-Sol\u00e9 J. Electrodiagnostic studies of the facial nerve in peripheral facial palsy and hemifacial spasm. Muscle Nerve. 2007, 36:14-20. 10.1002\/mus.20770","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19840401-07","article-title":"Electrodiagnosis in diseases of nerve and muscle","volume":"7","author":"Heckman JD","year":"1984","unstructured":"Heckman JD. Electrodiagnosis in diseases of nerve and muscle. Orthopedics. 1984, 7:601-4. 10.3928\/0147-7447-19840401-07","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp041120","article-title":"Clinical practice. Bell's palsy","volume":"351","author":"Gilden DH","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gilden DH. Clinical practice. Bell's palsy. N Engl J Med. 2004, 351:1323-31. 10.1056\/NEJMcp041120","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988509300202","article-title":"Facial nerve grading system","volume":"93","author":"House JW","year":"1985","unstructured":"House JW, Brackmann DE. Facial nerve grading system. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1985, 93:146-7. 10.1177\/019459988509300202","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64032-1.00015-1","article-title":"F wave, A wave, H reflex, and blink reflex","volume":"160","author":"Jerath N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jerath N, Kimura J. F wave, A wave, H reflex, and blink reflex. Handb Clin Neurol. 2019, 160:225-39. 10.1016\/B978-0-444-64032-1.00015-1","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/tnd.2021.78095","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome with bilateral peripheral facial nerve paralysis after COVID-19 infection","volume":"27 (Suppl 1)","author":"Ocak \u00d6","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ocak \u00d6. Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome with bilateral peripheral facial nerve paralysis after COVID-19 infection. Turk J Neurol. 2021, 27 (Suppl 1):40-2. 10.4274\/tnd.2021.78095","journal-title":"Turk J Neurol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880120602","article-title":"Acquired inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies: clinical and electrodiagnostic features","volume":"12","author":"Albers JW","year":"1989","unstructured":"Albers JW, Kelly JJ Jr. Acquired inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies: clinical and electrodiagnostic features. Muscle Nerve. 1989, 12:435-51. 10.1002\/mus.880120602","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31815d8e68","article-title":"Prognostic value of electroneurography and electromyography in facial palsy","volume":"118","author":"Grosheva M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grosheva M, Wittekindt C, Guntinas-Lichius O. Prognostic value of electroneurography and electromyography in facial palsy. Laryngoscope. 2008, 118:394-7. 10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31815d8e68","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1994.00540190051014","article-title":"Further regional variants of acute immune polyneuropathy. Bifacial weakness or sixth nerve paresis with paresthesias, lumbar polyradiculopathy, and ataxia with pharyngeal-cervical-brachial weakness","volume":"51","author":"Ropper AH","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ropper AH. Further regional variants of acute immune polyneuropathy. Bifacial weakness or sixth nerve paresis with paresthesias, lumbar polyradiculopathy, and ataxia with pharyngeal-cervical-brachial weakness. Arch Neurol. 1994, 51:671-5. 10.1001\/archneur.1994.00540190051014","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5254-8","article-title":"A Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome variant with prominent facial diplegia","volume":"256","author":"Susuki K","year":"2009","unstructured":"Susuki K, Koga M, Hirata K, Isogai E, Yuki N. A Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome variant with prominent facial diplegia. J Neurol. 2009, 256:1899-905. 10.1007\/s00415-009-5254-8","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9111492","article-title":"Facial diplegia-complication or manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection? A case report and systemic literature review","volume":"9","author":"Szewczyk AK","year":"2021","unstructured":"Szewczyk AK, Skrobas U, Jamroz-Wi\u015bniewska A, Mitosek-Szewczyk K, Rejdak K. Facial diplegia-complication or manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection? A case report and systemic literature review. Healthcare (Basel). 2021, 9:10.3390\/healthcare9111492","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.16496","article-title":"Association of receipt of the Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccine with presumptive Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome, February-July 2021","volume":"326","author":"Woo EJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Woo EJ, Mba-Jonas A, Dimova RB, Alimchandani M, Zinderman CE, Nair N. Association of receipt of the Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccine with presumptive Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome, February-July 2021. JAMA. 2021, 326:1606-13. 10.1001\/jama.2021.16496","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/90344-lesion-localization-and-prognosis-using-electrodiagnostic-studies-in-facial-diplegia-a-rare-variant-of-guillain-barre-syndrome","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:40:24Z","timestamp":1707507624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/90344-lesion-localization-and-prognosis-using-electrodiagnostic-studies-in-facial-diplegia-a-rare-variant-of-guillain-barre-syndrome"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]]},"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.25047","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]]}}}