{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T20:59:57Z","timestamp":1765486797091},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.27077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T18:28:57Z","timestamp":1658341737000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clinical Review of Neuromusculoskeletal Complementary and Alternative Approaches for the Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Stephanie K","family":"Marks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan A","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anisha","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andi N","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Ritter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela N","family":"Pierce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-003-0329-0","article-title":"Epidemiology of prostatitis: new evidence for a world-wide problem","volume":"21","author":"Krieger JN","year":"2003","unstructured":"Krieger JN, Riley DE, Cheah PY, Liong ML, Yuen KH. Epidemiology of prostatitis: new evidence for a world-wide problem. World J Urol. 2003, 21:70-4. 10.1007\/s00345-003-0329-0","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015-0282(03)02207-6","article-title":"Uterine fibroids and gynecologic pain symptoms in a population-based study","volume":"80","author":"Lippman SA","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lippman SA, Warner M, Samuels S, Olive D, Vercellini P, Eskenazi B. Uterine fibroids and gynecologic pain symptoms in a population-based study. Fertil Steril. 2003, 80:1488-94. 10.1016\/s0015-0282(03)02207-6","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08140.x","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of chronic pelvic pain in primary care: evidence from a national general practice database","volume":"106","author":"Zondervan KT","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zondervan KT, Yudkin PL, Vessey MP, Dawes MG, Barlow DH, Kennedy SH. Prevalence and incidence of chronic pelvic pain in primary care: evidence from a national general practice database. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1999, 106:1149-55. 10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08140.x","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00458-0","article-title":"Chronic pelvic pain: prevalence, health-related quality of life, and economic correlates","volume":"87","author":"Mathias SD","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mathias SD, Kuppermann M, Liberman RF, Lipschutz RC, Steege JF. Chronic pelvic pain: prevalence, health-related quality of life, and economic correlates. Obstet Gynecol. 1996, 87:321-7. 10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00458-0","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842x.2004.tb00446.x","article-title":"Chronic pelvic pain in New Zealand: prevalence, pain severity, diagnoses and use of the health services","volume":"28","author":"Grace VM","year":"2004","unstructured":"Grace VM, Zondervan KT. Chronic pelvic pain in New Zealand: prevalence, pain severity, diagnoses and use of the health services. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2004, 28:369-75. 10.1111\/j.1467-842x.2004.tb00446.x","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003716","article-title":"Chronic pelvic pain: ACOG practice bulletin, number 218","volume":"135","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chronic pelvic pain. ACOG practice bulletin, number 218. Obstet Gynecol. 2020, 135:98-109. 10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003716","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-6-177","article-title":"WHO systematic review of prevalence of chronic pelvic pain: a neglected reproductive health morbidity","volume":"6","author":"Latthe P","year":"2006","unstructured":"Latthe P, Latthe M, Say L, G\u00fclmezoglu M, Khan KS. WHO systematic review of prevalence of chronic pelvic pain: a neglected reproductive health morbidity. BMC Public Health. 2006, 6:10.1186\/1471-2458-6-177","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2014\/17\/e141","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic pelvic pain among women: an updated review","volume":"17","author":"Ahangari A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ahangari A. Prevalence of chronic pelvic pain among women: an updated review. Pain Physician. 2014, 17:141-7. 10.36076\/ppj.2014\/17\/e141","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2013.02.003","article-title":"The 'evil twin syndrome' in chronic pelvic pain: a systematic review of prevalence studies of bladder pain syndrome and endometriosis","volume":"11","author":"Tirlapur SA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tirlapur SA, Kuhrt K, Chaliha C, Ball E, Meads C, Khan KS. The 'evil twin syndrome' in chronic pelvic pain: a systematic review of prevalence studies of bladder pain syndrome and endometriosis. Int J Surg. 2013, 11:233-7. 10.1016\/j.ijsu.2013.02.003","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.12379","article-title":"Gynecological disorders in bladder pain syndrome\/interstitial cystitis patients","volume":"21","author":"Cervigni M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cervigni M, Natale F. Gynecological disorders in bladder pain syndrome\/interstitial cystitis patients. Int J Urol. 2014, 21:85-8. 10.1111\/iju.12379","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Complementary, alternative, or integrative health. what\u2019s in a name?. Accessed: July 13, 2022: https:\/\/www.nccih.nih.gov\/health\/complementary-alternative-or-integrative-health-whats-in-a-name."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pcan.2009.9","article-title":"Primary care physician practices in the diagnosis, treatment and management of men with chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Calhoun EA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Calhoun EA, Clemens JQ, Litwin MS, Walker-Corkery E, Markossian T, Kusek JW, McNaughton-Collins M. Primary care physician practices in the diagnosis, treatment and management of men with chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2009, 12:288-95. 10.1038\/pcan.2009.9","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14310","article-title":"Management of bladder pain syndrome: green-top guideline no. 70","volume":"124","year":"2017","unstructured":"Management of bladder pain syndrome. green-top guideline no. 70. BJOG. 2017, 124:46-72. 10.1111\/1471-0528.14310","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.13118","article-title":"Clinical guidelines for interstitial cystitis and hypersensitive bladder updated in 2015","volume":"23","author":"Homma Y","year":"2016","unstructured":"Homma Y, Ueda T, Tomoe H, et al.. Clinical guidelines for interstitial cystitis and hypersensitive bladder updated in 2015. Int J Urol. 2016, 23:542-9. 10.1111\/iju.13118","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2018.09.023","article-title":"ACR appropriateness criteria\u00ae postmenopausal subacute or chronic pelvic pain","volume":"15","author":"Maturen KE","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maturen KE, Akin EA, Dassel M, et al.. ACR appropriateness criteria\u00ae postmenopausal subacute or chronic pelvic pain. J Am Coll Radiol. 2018, 15:365-72. 10.1016\/j.jacr.2018.09.023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.015","article-title":"No. 164-consensus guidelines for the management of chronic pelvic pain","volume":"40","author":"Jarrell JF","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jarrell JF, Vilos GA, Allaire C, et al.. No. 164-consensus guidelines for the management of chronic pelvic pain. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2018, 40:747-87. 10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.015","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-020-01328-3","article-title":"A scoping review of network meta-analyses assessing the efficacy and safety of complementary and alternative medicine interventions","volume":"9","author":"Pratt M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pratt M, Wieland S, Ahmadzai N, et al.. A scoping review of network meta-analyses assessing the efficacy and safety of complementary and alternative medicine interventions. Syst Rev. 2020, 9:10.1186\/s13643-020-01328-3","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Chiropractic distractive decompression in treating pelvic pain and multiple system pelvic organic dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"Browning JE","year":"1989","unstructured":"Browning JE. Chiropractic distractive decompression in treating pelvic pain and multiple system pelvic organic dysfunction. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1989, 12:265-74.","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Chiropractic care for women with chronic pelvic pain: a prospective single-group intervention study","volume":"20","author":"Hawk C","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hawk C, Long C, Azad A. Chiropractic care for women with chronic pelvic pain: a prospective single-group intervention study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1997, 20:73-9.","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/107555302753507159","article-title":"Issues in planning a placebo-controlled trial of manual methods: results of a pilot study","volume":"8","author":"Hawk C","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hawk C, Long CR, Reiter R, Davis CS, Cambron JA, Evans R. Issues in planning a placebo-controlled trial of manual methods: results of a pilot study. J Altern Complement Med. 2002, 8:21-32. 10.1089\/107555302753507159","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7556\/jaoa.2019.130","article-title":"Osteopathic manipulative medicine considerations in pelvic pain","volume":"119","author":"Moloney S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moloney S, Talsma J, Pierce-Talsma S. Osteopathic manipulative medicine considerations in pelvic pain. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2019, 119:42-3. 10.7556\/jaoa.2019.130","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00120-009-2088-z","article-title":"Chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Influence of osteopathic treatment - a randomized controlled study. [Article in German]","volume":"48","author":"Marx S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marx S, Cimniak U, Beckert R, Schwerla F, Resch KL. Chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Influence of osteopathic treatment - a randomized controlled study. [Article in German]. Urologe A. 2009, 48:1339-45. 10.1007\/s00120-009-2088-z","journal-title":"Urologe A"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00120-012-3075-3","article-title":"Long-term effects of osteopathic treatment of chronic prostatitis with chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a 5-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial and considerations on the pathophysiological context. [Article in German]","volume":"52","author":"Marx S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marx S, Cimniak U, R\u00fctz M, Resch KL. Long-term effects of osteopathic treatment of chronic prostatitis with chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a 5-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial and considerations on the pathophysiological context. [Article in German]. Urologe A. 2013, 52:384-90. 10.1007\/s00120-012-3075-3","journal-title":"Urologe A"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2017.03.009","article-title":"Clinical effect of traditional Chinese spinal orthopedic manipulation in treatment of functional abdominal pain syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Xing L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xing L, Qu L, Chen H, Gao S. Clinical effect of traditional Chinese spinal orthopedic manipulation in treatment of functional abdominal pain syndrome. Complement Ther Med. 2017, 32:19-24. 10.1016\/j.ctim.2017.03.009","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-016-2261-3","article-title":"A clinical observation of functional abdominal pain syndrome in patients treated by traditional Chinese spinal orthopedic manipulation","volume":"24","author":"Qu LX","year":"2018","unstructured":"Qu LX, Xing LY, Wanda N, Chen H, Li MJ, Gao S, Li P. A clinical observation of functional abdominal pain syndrome in patients treated by traditional Chinese spinal orthopedic manipulation. Chin J Integr Med. 2018, 24:140-6. 10.1007\/s11655-016-2261-3","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Glossary of Osteopathic Terminology. Third Edition","author":"Giusti R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giusti R. Glossary of Osteopathic Terminology. Third Edition. American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, Chevy Chase, MD; 2017."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(05)65539-5","article-title":"Pelvic floor myofascial trigger points: manual therapy for interstitial cystitis and the urgency-frequency syndrome","volume":"166","author":"Weiss JM","year":"2001","unstructured":"Weiss JM. Pelvic floor myofascial trigger points: manual therapy for interstitial cystitis and the urgency-frequency syndrome. J Urol. 2001, 166:2226-31. 10.1016\/s0022-5347(05)65539-5","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pny097","article-title":"Myofascial findings and psychopathological factors in patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Klotz SG","year":"2020","unstructured":"Klotz SG, Ketels G, L\u00f6we B, Br\u00fcnahl CA. Myofascial findings and psychopathological factors in patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Pain Med. 2020, 21:34-44. 10.1093\/pm\/pny097","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-015-9273-1","article-title":"Chronic pelvic pain syndrome: reduction of medication use after pelvic floor physical therapy with an internal myofascial trigger point wand","volume":"40","author":"Anderson RU","year":"2015","unstructured":"Anderson RU, Harvey RH, Wise D, Nevin Smith J, Nathanson BH, Sawyer T. Chronic pelvic pain syndrome: reduction of medication use after pelvic floor physical therapy with an internal myofascial trigger point wand. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2015, 40:45-52. 10.1007\/s10484-015-9273-1","journal-title":"Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.20750.1","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding and managing chronic pelvic pain in women with special consideration to endometriosis","volume":"9","author":"Ball E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ball E, Khan KS. Recent advances in understanding and managing chronic pelvic pain in women with special consideration to endometriosis. F1000Res. 2020, 9:10.12688\/f1000research.20750.1","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21681805.2017.1339291","article-title":"Pain areas and mechanosensitivity in patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a controlled clinical investigation","volume":"51","author":"Quaghebeur J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Quaghebeur J, Wyndaele JJ, De Wachter S. Pain areas and mechanosensitivity in patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a controlled clinical investigation. Scand J Urol. 2017, 51:414-9. 10.1080\/21681805.2017.1339291","journal-title":"Scand J Urol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103285","article-title":"Neuropelveology: an emerging discipline for the management of pelvic neuropathies and bladder dysfunctions through to spinal cord injury, anti-ageing and the Mars mission","volume":"9","author":"Possover M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Possover M. Neuropelveology: an emerging discipline for the management of pelvic neuropathies and bladder dysfunctions through to spinal cord injury, anti-ageing and the Mars mission. J Clin Med. 2020, 9:10.3390\/jcm9103285","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2017.08.17","article-title":"Comprehensive pelvic floor physical therapy program for men with idiopathic chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a prospective study","volume":"6","author":"Masterson TA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Masterson TA, Masterson JM, Azzinaro J, Manderson L, Swain S, Ramasamy R. Comprehensive pelvic floor physical therapy program for men with idiopathic chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a prospective study. Transl Androl Urol. 2017, 6:910-5. 10.21037\/tau.2017.08.17","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2090598X.2021.1954414","article-title":"Effectiveness of external myofascial mobilisation in the management of male chronic pelvic pain of muscle spastic type: a retrospective study","volume":"19","author":"Ajimsha MS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ajimsha MS, Ismail LA, Al-Mudahka N, Majzoub A. Effectiveness of external myofascial mobilisation in the management of male chronic pelvic pain of muscle spastic type: a retrospective study. Arab J Urol. 2021, 19:394-400. 10.1080\/2090598X.2021.1954414","journal-title":"Arab J Urol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6091257","article-title":"How does myofascial physical therapy attenuate pain in chronic pelvic pain syndrome?","volume":"2019","author":"Grinberg K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grinberg K, Weissman-Fogel I, Lowenstein L, Abramov L, Granot M. How does myofascial physical therapy attenuate pain in chronic pelvic pain syndrome?. Pain Res Manag. 2019, 2019:10.1155\/2019\/6091257","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.34834","article-title":"Immediate effects of various physical therapeutic modalities on cervical myofascial pain and trigger-point sensitivity","volume":"83","author":"Hou CR","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hou CR, Tsai LC, Cheng KF, Chung KC, Hong CZ. Immediate effects of various physical therapeutic modalities on cervical myofascial pain and trigger-point sensitivity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002, 83:1406-14. 10.1053\/apmr.2002.34834","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2005.05.003","article-title":"The immediate effect of ischemic compression technique and transverse friction massage on tenderness of active and latent myofascial trigger points: a pilot study","volume":"10","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-de-las-Pe\u00f1as C","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-de-las-Pe\u00f1as C, Alonso-Blanco C, Fern\u00e1ndez-Carnero J, Carlos Miangolarra-Page J. The immediate effect of ischemic compression technique and transverse friction massage on tenderness of active and latent myofascial trigger points: a pilot study. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2006, 10:3-9. 10.1016\/j.jbmt.2005.05.003","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.07.010","article-title":"Neonatal bladder inflammation produces functional changes and alters neuropeptide content in bladders of adult female rats","volume":"11","author":"DeBerry J","year":"2010","unstructured":"DeBerry J, Randich A, Shaffer AD, Robbins MT, Ness TJ. Neonatal bladder inflammation produces functional changes and alters neuropeptide content in bladders of adult female rats. J Pain. 2010, 11:247-55. 10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.07.010","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02109994","article-title":"Randomized study of the application of single motor unit biofeedback training to chronic low back pain","volume":"4","author":"Donaldson S","year":"1994","unstructured":"Donaldson S, Romney D, Donaldson M, Skubick D. Randomized study of the application of single motor unit biofeedback training to chronic low back pain. J Occup Rehabil. 1994, 4:23-37. 10.1007\/BF02109994","journal-title":"J Occup Rehabil"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1995.tb01443.x","article-title":"Behavioural rehabilitation of chronic low back pain: comparison of an operant treatment, an operant-cognitive treatment and an operant-respondent treatment","volume":"34","author":"Vlaeyen JW","year":"1995","unstructured":"Vlaeyen JW, Haazen IW, Schuerman JA, Kole-Snijders AM, van Eek H. Behavioural rehabilitation of chronic low back pain: comparison of an operant treatment, an operant-cognitive treatment and an operant-respondent treatment. Br J Clin Psychol. 1995, 34:95-118. 10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1995.tb01443.x","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-010-0568-5","article-title":"Myofeedback training and intensive muscular strength training to decrease pain and improve work ability among female workers on long-term sick leave with neck pain: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"84","author":"Dellve L","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dellve L, Ahlstrom L, Jonsson A, et al.. Myofeedback training and intensive muscular strength training to decrease pain and improve work ability among female workers on long-term sick leave with neck pain: a randomized controlled trial. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2011, 84:335-46. 10.1007\/s00420-010-0568-5","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2008.06.003","article-title":"Pelvic floor anatomy and applied physiology","volume":"37","author":"Raizada V","year":"2008","unstructured":"Raizada V, Mittal RK. Pelvic floor anatomy and applied physiology. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2008, 37:493-509. 10.1016\/j.gtc.2008.06.003","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-199509000-00015","article-title":"Treatment of vulvar vestibulitis syndrome with electromyographic biofeedback of pelvic floor musculature","volume":"40","author":"Glazer HI","year":"1995","unstructured":"Glazer HI, Rodke G, Swencionis C, Hertz R, Young AW. Treatment of vulvar vestibulitis syndrome with electromyographic biofeedback of pelvic floor musculature. J Reprod Med. 1995, 40:283-90. 10.1097\/00006254-199509000-00015","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01642.x","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle assessment outcomes in women with and without provoked vestibulodynia and the impact of a physical therapy program","volume":"7","author":"Gentilcore-Saulnier E","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gentilcore-Saulnier E, McLean L, Goldfinger C, Pukall CF, Chamberlain S. Pelvic floor muscle assessment outcomes in women with and without provoked vestibulodynia and the impact of a physical therapy program. J Sex Med. 2010, 7:1003-22. 10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01642.x","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000371","article-title":"Prospective outcomes of a pelvic floor rehabilitation program including vaginal electrogalvanic stimulation for urinary, defecatory, and pelvic pain symptoms","volume":"23","author":"Schmitt JJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schmitt JJ, Singh R, Weaver AL, Mara KC, Harvey-Springer RR, Fick FR, Occhino JA. Prospective outcomes of a pelvic floor rehabilitation program including vaginal electrogalvanic stimulation for urinary, defecatory, and pelvic pain symptoms. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2017, 23:108-13. 10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000371","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000158445.68149.38","article-title":"A prospective, randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind study of pelvic electromagnetic therapy for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome with 1 year of followup","volume":"173","author":"Rowe E","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rowe E, Smith C, Laverick L, Elkabir J, Witherow RO, Patel A. A prospective, randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind study of pelvic electromagnetic therapy for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome with 1 year of followup. J Urol. 2005, 173:2044-7. 10.1097\/01.ju.0000158445.68149.38","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(90)80078-2","article-title":"Functional evaluation of sacral nerve root integrity. Report of a technique","volume":"35","author":"Schmidt RA","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schmidt RA, Senn E, Tanagho EA. Functional evaluation of sacral nerve root integrity. Report of a technique. Urology. 1990, 35:388-92. 10.1016\/0090-4295(90)80078-2","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000181806.59363.d1","article-title":"Changes in brain activity following sacral neuromodulation for urinary retention","volume":"174","author":"Dasgupta R","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dasgupta R, Critchley HD, Dolan RJ, Fowler CJ. Changes in brain activity following sacral neuromodulation for urinary retention. J Urol. 2005, 174:2268-72. 10.1097\/01.ju.0000181806.59363.d1","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15406\/mojor.2015.02.00068","article-title":"The use of low level laser therapy (LLLT) for musculoskeletal pain","volume":"2","author":"Cotler HB","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cotler HB, Chow RT, Hamblin MR, Carroll J. The use of low level laser therapy (LLLT) for musculoskeletal pain. MOJ Orthop Rheumatol. 2015, 2:10.15406\/mojor.2015.02.00068","journal-title":"MOJ Orthop Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/acupmed-2015-011036","article-title":"Low-level laser therapy for chronic non-specific low back pain: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"34","author":"Glazov G","year":"2016","unstructured":"Glazov G, Yelland M, Emery J. Low-level laser therapy for chronic non-specific low back pain: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Acupunct Med. 2016, 34:328-41. 10.1136\/acupmed-2015-011036","journal-title":"Acupunct Med"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(09)61522-1","article-title":"Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the management of neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo or active-treatment controlled trials","volume":"374","author":"Chow RT","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chow RT, Johnson MI, Lopes-Martins RA, Bjordal JM. Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the management of neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo or active-treatment controlled trials. Lancet. 2009, 374:1897-908. 10.1016\/s0140-6736(09)61522-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Evaluation of low level laser therapy in reducing diabetic polyneuropathy related pain and sensorimotor disorders","volume":"51","author":"Bashiri H","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bashiri H. Evaluation of low level laser therapy in reducing diabetic polyneuropathy related pain and sensorimotor disorders. Acta Med Iran. 2013, 51:543-547.","journal-title":"Acta Med Iran"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.33.695","article-title":"Pulsed high-intensity laser therapy versus low level laser therapy in the management of primary dysmenorrhea","volume":"33","author":"Thabet AA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thabet AA, Ebid AA, El-Boshy ME, et al.. Pulsed high-intensity laser therapy versus low level laser therapy in the management of primary dysmenorrhea. J Phys Ther Sci. 2021, 33:695-9. 10.1589\/jpts.33.695","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pcan.2015.57","article-title":"Association of diet and lifestyle with chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and pain severity: a case-control study","volume":"19","author":"Chen X","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen X, Hu C, Peng Y, et al.. Association of diet and lifestyle with chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and pain severity: a case-control study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2016, 19:92-9. 10.1038\/pcan.2015.57","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200106000-00003","article-title":"Principles of shock wave therapy","author":"Ogden JA","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ogden JA, T\u00f3th-Kischkat A, Schultheiss R. Principles of shock wave therapy. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001, 8-17. 10.1097\/00003086-200106000-00003","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22203\/ecm.v029a20","article-title":"In vivo biological response to extracorporeal shockwave therapy in human tendinopathy","volume":"29","author":"Waugh CM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Waugh CM, Morrissey D, Jones E, Riley GP, Langberg H, Screen HR. In vivo biological response to extracorporeal shockwave therapy in human tendinopathy. Eur Cell Mater. 2015, 29:268-80. 10.22203\/ecm.v029a20","journal-title":"Eur Cell Mater"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tau-20-1423","article-title":"Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy for male chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Li G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li G, Man L. Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy for male chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Androl Urol. 2021, 10:1202-11. 10.21037\/tau-20-1423","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24017","article-title":"Efficacy of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the treatment of chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Yuan P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yuan P, Ma D, Zhang Y, et al.. Efficacy of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the treatment of chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurourol Urodyn. 2019, 38:1457-66. 10.1002\/nau.24017","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.210010","article-title":"Efficacy of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome IIIb: a prospective-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"40","author":"Kim KS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim KS, Choi YS, Bae WJ, et al.. Efficacy of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome IIIb: a prospective-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. World J Mens Health. 2022, 40:473-80. 10.5534\/wjmh.210010","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/labmed\/29.3.163","article-title":"Acupuncture: the historical basis and its US practitioners","volume":"29","author":"Hong GG","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hong GG. Acupuncture: the historical basis and its US practitioners. Lab Med. 1998, 29:163-6. 10.1093\/labmed\/29.3.163","journal-title":"Lab Med"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.06.028","article-title":"Acupuncture-point stimulation for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting","volume":"23","author":"Ezzo J","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ezzo J, Vickers A, Richardson MA, et al.. Acupuncture-point stimulation for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. J Clin Oncol. 2005, 23:7188-98. 10.1200\/JCO.2005.06.028","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMct0806114","article-title":"Acupuncture for chronic low back pain","volume":"363","author":"Berman BM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berman BM, Langevin HM, Witt CM, Dubner R. Acupuncture for chronic low back pain. N Engl J Med. 2010, 363:454-61. 10.1056\/NEJMct0806114","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.05.013","article-title":"Acupuncture for patients with chronic neck pain","volume":"125","author":"Witt CM","year":"2006","unstructured":"Witt CM, Jena S, Brinkhaus B, Liecker B, Wegscheider K, Willich SN. Acupuncture for patients with chronic neck pain. Pain. 2006, 125:98-106. 10.1016\/j.pain.2006.05.013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001977.pub2","article-title":"Acupuncture for peripheral joint osteoarthritis","author":"Manheimer E","year":"2010","unstructured":"Manheimer E, Cheng K, Linde K, et al.. Acupuncture for peripheral joint osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010, 10.1002\/14651858.CD001977.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pcan.2015.13","article-title":"Acupuncture relieves symptoms in chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a randomized, sham-controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Sahin S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sahin S, Bicer M, Eren GA, Tas S, Tugcu V, Tasci AI, Cek M. Acupuncture relieves symptoms in chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a randomized, sham-controlled trial. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2015, 18:249-54. 10.1038\/pcan.2015.13","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2018.05.001","article-title":"Acupuncture for chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a randomized, sham acupuncture controlled trial","volume":"200","author":"Qin Z","year":"2018","unstructured":"Qin Z, Zang Z, Zhou K, Wu J, Zhou J, Kwong JS, Liu Z. Acupuncture for chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a randomized, sham acupuncture controlled trial. J Urol. 2018, 200:815-22. 10.1016\/j.juro.2018.05.001","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2319-4170.151034","article-title":"Inferior hypogastric plexus blockade versus acupuncture for the management of idiopathic chronic pelvic pain: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"38","author":"Amin MM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amin MM, Ait-Allah AS, Ali Ael-S, Salem RA, Ahmed SR, Alsammani MA. Inferior hypogastric plexus blockade versus acupuncture for the management of idiopathic chronic pelvic pain: a randomized clinical trial. Biomed J. 2015, 38:317-22. 10.4103\/2319-4170.151034","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38397.507014.E0","article-title":"Effects of acupuncture and stabilising exercises as adjunct to standard treatment in pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain: randomised single blind controlled trial","volume":"330","author":"Elden H","year":"2005","unstructured":"Elden H, Ladfors L, Olsen MF, Ostgaard HC, Hagberg H. Effects of acupuncture and stabilising exercises as adjunct to standard treatment in pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain: randomised single blind controlled trial. BMJ. 2005, 330:10.1136\/bmj.38397.507014.E0","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186616","article-title":"Effects of acupuncture for the treatment of endometriosis-related pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Xu Y","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu Y, Zhao W, Li T, Zhao Y, Bu H, Song S. Effects of acupuncture for the treatment of endometriosis-related pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017, 12:10.1371\/journal.pone.0186616","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9415897","article-title":"Acupuncture treatment for chronic pelvic pain in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"2018","author":"Sung SH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sung SH, Sung AD, Sung HK, An TE, Kim KH, Park JK. Acupuncture treatment for chronic pelvic pain in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018, 2018:10.1155\/2018\/9415897","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"ref71","article-title":"Effect of neurogenic acupoint cupping on high sensitive C-reactive protein and pain perception in female chronic pelvic pain: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Abdulaziz KS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdulaziz KS, Tareq Mohamad R, Saad El-Din Mahmoud L, Abdel Azim Ramzy T, Osman DA. Effect of neurogenic acupoint cupping on high sensitive C-reactive protein and pain perception in female chronic pelvic pain: a randomized controlled trial. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2021, 21:121-9.","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acu.2019.1382","article-title":"Battlefield acupuncture for chronic pain management in patients on long-term opioid therapy","volume":"32","author":"Montgomery AD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Montgomery AD, Ottenbacher R. Battlefield acupuncture for chronic pain management in patients on long-term opioid therapy. Med Acupunct. 2020, 32:38-44. 10.1089\/acu.2019.1382","journal-title":"Med Acupunct"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acu.2018.1296","article-title":"Battlefield acupuncture in the veterans health administration: effectiveness in individual and group settings for pain and pain comorbidities","volume":"30","author":"Federman DG","year":"2018","unstructured":"Federman DG, Zeliadt SB, Thomas ER, Carbone GF Jr, Taylor SL. Battlefield acupuncture in the veterans health administration: effectiveness in individual and group settings for pain and pain comorbidities. Med Acupunct. 2018, 30:273-8. 10.1089\/acu.2018.1296","journal-title":"Med Acupunct"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.02.038","article-title":"Battlefield acupuncture to treat low back pain in the emergency department","volume":"36","author":"Fox LM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fox LM, Murakami M, Danesh H, Manini AF. Battlefield acupuncture to treat low back pain in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med. 2018, 36:1045-8. 10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.02.038","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2468-1253(17)30253-4","article-title":"Neurostimulation for abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders in adolescents: a randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled trial","volume":"2","author":"Kovacic K","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kovacic K, Hainsworth K, Sood M, et al.. Neurostimulation for abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders in adolescents: a randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017, 2:727-37. 10.1016\/s2468-1253(17)30253-4","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2012.01385.x","article-title":"Evoked pain analgesia in chronic pelvic pain patients using respiratory-gated auricular vagal afferent nerve stimulation","volume":"13","author":"Napadow V","year":"2012","unstructured":"Napadow V, Edwards RR, Cahalan CM, et al.. Evoked pain analgesia in chronic pelvic pain patients using respiratory-gated auricular vagal afferent nerve stimulation. Pain Med. 2012, 13:777-89. 10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2012.01385.x","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2015.06.150014","article-title":"Ear acupuncture for acute sore throat: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Moss DA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moss DA, Crawford P. Ear acupuncture for acute sore throat: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Board Fam Med. 2015, 28:697-705. 10.3122\/jabfm.2015.06.150014","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000789","article-title":"Auricular acupuncture for the treatment of pediatric migraines in the emergency department","volume":"34","author":"Graff DM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Graff DM, McDonald MJ. Auricular acupuncture for the treatment of pediatric migraines in the emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2018, 34:258-62. 10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000789","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2016.1141489","article-title":"Auricular acupuncture for spinal cord injury related neuropathic pain: a pilot controlled clinical trial","volume":"40","author":"Estores I","year":"2017","unstructured":"Estores I, Chen K, Jackson B, Lao L, Gorman PH. Auricular acupuncture for spinal cord injury related neuropathic pain: a pilot controlled clinical trial. J Spinal Cord Med. 2017, 40:432-8. 10.1080\/10790268.2016.1141489","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.09.011","article-title":"Analgesic effect of auricular acupuncture for cancer pain: a randomized, blinded, controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Alimi D","year":"2003","unstructured":"Alimi D, Rubino C, Pichard-L\u00e9andri E, Fermand-Brul\u00e9 S, Dubreuil-Lemaire ML, Hill C. Analgesic effect of auricular acupuncture for cancer pain: a randomized, blinded, controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2003, 21:4120-6. 10.1200\/JCO.2003.09.011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8081229","article-title":"Implementation of electrical auricular acupuncture and low frequency modulated electric current therapy in pain management of patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized pilot trial","volume":"8","author":"Krusche-Mandl I","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krusche-Mandl I, Kaider A, Starlinger J, et al.. Implementation of electrical auricular acupuncture and low frequency modulated electric current therapy in pain management of patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized pilot trial. J Clin Med. 2019, 8:10.3390\/jcm8081229","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-019-05283-w","article-title":"Auricular acupuncture as effective pain relief after episiotomy: a randomized controlled pilot study","volume":"300","author":"Jai\u0107 KK","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jai\u0107 KK, Turkovi\u0107 TM, Pe\u0161i\u0107 M, Djakovi\u0107 I, Ko\u0161ec V, Ko\u0161ec A. Auricular acupuncture as effective pain relief after episiotomy: a randomized controlled pilot study. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2019, 300:1295-301. 10.1007\/s00404-019-05283-w","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/89648-clinical-review-of-neuromusculoskeletal-complementary-and-alternative-approaches-for-the-treatment-of-chronic-pelvic-pain-syndrome","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:44:23Z","timestamp":1707507863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/89648-clinical-review-of-neuromusculoskeletal-complementary-and-alternative-approaches-for-the-treatment-of-chronic-pelvic-pain-syndrome"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"references-count":82,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.27077","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]}}}