{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T16:49:56Z","timestamp":1781714996743,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.27808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T11:48:59Z","timestamp":1660045739000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Urinary Tract Infection as the Diagnosis for Admission Through the Emergency Department: Its Prevalence, Seasonality, Diagnostic Methods, and Diagnostic Decisions"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Alrashid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramah","family":"Ashoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Alruhaimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirah","family":"Hamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahad","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulla","family":"Al Sayyari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-016-1620-2","article-title":"The economic burden of urinary tract infections in women visiting general practices in France: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"16","author":"Fran\u00e7ois M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fran\u00e7ois M, Hanslik T, Dervaux B, et al.. The economic burden of urinary tract infections in women visiting general practices in France: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016, 16:365. 10.1186\/s12913-016-1620-2","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.231","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections\u00a0across age groups","volume":"219","author":"Chu CM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chu CM, Lowder JL. Diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections\u00a0across age groups. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018, 219:40-51. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.231","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-018-0255-z","article-title":"An evaluation of E. coli in urinary tract infection in emergency department at KAMC in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: retrospective study","volume":"17","author":"Alanazi MQ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alanazi MQ, Alqahtani FY, Aleanizy FS. An evaluation of E. coli in urinary tract infection in emergency department at KAMC in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: retrospective study. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2018, 17:3. 10.1186\/s12941-018-0255-z","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S178855","article-title":"An evaluation of community-acquired urinary tract infection and appropriateness of treatment in an emergency department in Saudi Arabia","volume":"14","author":"Alanazi MQ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alanazi MQ. An evaluation of community-acquired urinary tract infection and appropriateness of treatment in an emergency department in Saudi Arabia. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2018, 14:2363-73. 10.2147\/TCRM.S178855","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881700259X","article-title":"Seasonality of urinary tract infections in the United Kingdom in different age groups: longitudinal analysis of The Health Improvement Network (THIN)","volume":"146","author":"Rosello A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rosello A, Pouwels KB, Domenech DE Cell\u00e8s M, et al.. Seasonality of urinary tract infections in the United Kingdom in different age groups: longitudinal analysis of The Health Improvement Network (THIN). Epidemiol Infect. 2018, 146:37-45. 10.1017\/S095026881700259X","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2013.0519","article-title":"Assessing pneumococcal meningitis association with viral respiratory infections and antibiotics: insights from statistical and mathematical models","volume":"280","author":"Opatowski L","year":"2013","unstructured":"Opatowski L, Varon E, Dupont C, et al.. Assessing pneumococcal meningitis association with viral respiratory infections and antibiotics: insights from statistical and mathematical models. Proc Biol Sci. 2013, 280:20130519. 10.1098\/rspb.2013.0519","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30064-X","article-title":"Seasonal dynamics of bacterial meningitis: a time-series analysis","volume":"4","author":"Paireau J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paireau J, Chen A, Broutin H, Grenfell B, Basta NE. Seasonal dynamics of bacterial meningitis: a time-series analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2016, 4:e370-7. 10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30064-X","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.1.85-92.2005","article-title":"Temperature-driven Campylobacter seasonality in England and Wales","volume":"71","author":"Louis VR","year":"2005","unstructured":"Louis VR, Gillespie IA, O'Brien SJ, Russek-Cohen E, Pearson AD, Colwell RR. Temperature-driven Campylobacter seasonality in England and Wales. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005, 71:85-92. 10.1128\/AEM.71.1.85-92.2005","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28442","article-title":"Association between the ambient temperature and the occurrence of human Salmonella and Campylobacter infections","volume":"6","author":"Yun J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yun J, Greiner M, H\u00f6ller C, Messelh\u00e4usser U, Rampp A, Klein G. Association between the ambient temperature and the occurrence of human Salmonella and Campylobacter infections. Sci Rep. 2016, 6:28442. 10.1038\/srep28442","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0141076814566260","article-title":"Are patients admitted to hospitals from care homes dehydrated? A retrospective analysis of hypernatraemia and in-hospital mortality","volume":"108","author":"Wolff A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wolff A, Stuckler D, McKee M. Are patients admitted to hospitals from care homes dehydrated? A retrospective analysis of hypernatraemia and in-hospital mortality. J R Soc Med. 2015, 108:259-65. 10.1177\/0141076814566260","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601902","article-title":"Mild dehydration: a risk factor of urinary tract infection?","volume":"57 Suppl 2","author":"Beetz R","year":"2003","unstructured":"Beetz R. Mild dehydration: a risk factor of urinary tract infection?. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003, 57 Suppl 2:S52-8. 10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601902","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.37.4.286","article-title":"Seasonality of symptomatic bacterial urinary infections in women","volume":"37","author":"Anderson JE","year":"1983","unstructured":"Anderson JE. Seasonality of symptomatic bacterial urinary infections in women. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1983, 37:286-90. 10.1136\/jech.37.4.286","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-008-0679-z","article-title":"Effect of meteorological variables on the incidence of lower urinary tract infections","volume":"28","author":"Falagas ME","year":"2009","unstructured":"Falagas ME, Peppas G, Matthaiou DK, Karageorgopoulos DE, Karalis N, Theocharis G. Effect of meteorological variables on the incidence of lower urinary tract infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009, 28:709-12. 10.1007\/s10096-008-0679-z","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076020","article-title":"A method to assess seasonality of urinary tract infections based on medication sales and google trends","volume":"8","author":"Rossignol L","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rossignol L, Pelat C, Lambert B, Flahault A, Chartier-Kastler E, Hanslik T. A method to assess seasonality of urinary tract infections based on medication sales and google trends. PLoS One. 2013, 8:e76020. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0076020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Community-acquired urinary tract infections in children: pathogens, antibiotic susceptibility and seasonal changes","volume":"17","author":"Yolba\u015f I","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yolba\u015f I, Tekin R, Kelekci S, et al.. Community-acquired urinary tract infections in children: pathogens, antibiotic susceptibility and seasonal changes. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2013, 17:971-6.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-15-S6-S3","article-title":"Data-driven discovery of seasonally linked diseases from an Electronic Health Records system","volume":"15","author":"Melamed RD","year":"2014","unstructured":"Melamed RD, Khiabanian H, Rabadan R. Data-driven discovery of seasonally linked diseases from an Electronic Health Records system. BMC Bioinformatics. 2014, 15:S3. 10.1186\/1471-2105-15-S6-S3","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5488.631","article-title":"Clinical observations relating to incidence and aetiology of urinary-tract infections in children","volume":"1","author":"Stansfeld JM","year":"1966","unstructured":"Stansfeld JM. Clinical observations relating to incidence and aetiology of urinary-tract infections in children. Br Med J. 1966, 1:631-5. 10.1136\/bmj.1.5488.631","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2019.33.131.17190","article-title":"Diagnostic value of dipstick test in adult symptomatic urinary tract infections: results of a cross-sectional Tunisian study","volume":"33","author":"Bellazreg F","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bellazreg F, Abid M, Lasfar NB, Hattab Z, Hachfi W, Letaief A. Diagnostic value of dipstick test in adult symptomatic urinary tract infections: results of a cross-sectional Tunisian study. Pan Afr Med J. 2019, 33:131. 10.11604\/pamj.2019.33.131.17190","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-12-111","article-title":"Does clinical examination aid in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections in women? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Medina-Bombard\u00f3 D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Medina-Bombard\u00f3 D, Jover-Palmer A. Does clinical examination aid in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections in women? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Fam Pract. 2011, 12:111. 10.1186\/1471-2296-12-111","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1481803500014846","article-title":"Can urine cultures and reagent test strips be used to diagnose urinary tract infection in elderly emergency department patients without focal urinary symptoms?","volume":"9","author":"Ducharme J","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ducharme J, Neilson S, Ginn JL. Can urine cultures and reagent test strips be used to diagnose urinary tract infection in elderly emergency department patients without focal urinary symptoms?. CJEM. 2007, 9:87-92. 10.1017\/s1481803500014846","journal-title":"CJEM"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Raosoft. Sample size calculator. (2022). http:\/\/www.raosoft.com\/samplesize.html."},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for medical diagnostic test evaluation","volume":"4","author":"Hajian-Tilaki K","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hajian-Tilaki K. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for medical diagnostic test evaluation. Caspian J Intern Med. 2013, 4:627-35.","journal-title":"Caspian J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11613\/bm.2013.018","article-title":"The chi-square test of independence","volume":"23","author":"McHugh ML","year":"2013","unstructured":"McHugh ML. The chi-square test of independence. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2013, 23:143-9. 10.11613\/bm.2013.018","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5395\/rde.2017.42.2.152","article-title":"Statistical notes for clinical researchers: chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test","volume":"42","author":"Kim HY","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim HY. Statistical notes for clinical researchers: chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test. Restor Dent Endod. 2017, 42:152-5. 10.5395\/rde.2017.42.2.152","journal-title":"Restor Dent Endod"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2015.68.6.540","article-title":"T test as a parametric statistic","volume":"68","author":"Kim TK","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim TK. T test as a parametric statistic. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2015, 68:540-6. 10.4097\/kjae.2015.68.6.540","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/picr.PICR_87_17","article-title":"Common pitfalls in statistical analysis: logistic regression","volume":"8","author":"Ranganathan P","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ranganathan P, Pramesh CS, Aggarwal R. Common pitfalls in statistical analysis: logistic regression. Perspect Clin Res. 2017, 8:148-51. 10.4103\/picr.PICR_87_17","journal-title":"Perspect Clin Res"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.JPBS_294_19","article-title":"Bacteria causing urinary tract infections and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern at tertiary hospital in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia: a retrospective study","volume":"12","author":"Alzahrani MA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alzahrani MA, Ali MS, Anwar S. Bacteria causing urinary tract infections and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern at tertiary hospital in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia: a retrospective study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2020, 12:449-56. 10.4103\/jpbs.JPBS_294_19","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.05.006","article-title":"Emergency department urinary tract infections caused by extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: many patients have no identifiable risk factor and discordant empiric therapy is common","volume":"72","author":"Frazee BW","year":"2018","unstructured":"Frazee BW, Trivedi T, Montgomery M, Petrovic DF, Yamaji R, Riley L. Emergency department urinary tract infections caused by extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: many patients have no identifiable risk factor and discordant empiric therapy is common. Ann Emerg Med. 2018, 72:449-56. 10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.05.006","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC201710030","article-title":"Urinary tract infection","volume":"167","author":"Gupta K","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gupta K, Grigoryan L, Trautner B. Urinary tract infection. Ann Intern Med. 2017, 167:ITC49-64. 10.7326\/AITC201710030","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Seasonal variations in the occurrence of urinary tract infections among children in an urban area in Finland","volume":"11","author":"Elo J","year":"1979","unstructured":"Elo J, Sarna S, Tallgren LG. Seasonal variations in the occurrence of urinary tract infections among children in an urban area in Finland. Ann Clin Res. 1979, 11:101-6.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Res"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001383","article-title":"Warmer weather and the risk of urinary tract infections in women","volume":"205","author":"Simmering JE","year":"2021","unstructured":"Simmering JE, Polgreen LA, Cavanaugh JE, Erickson BA, Suneja M, Polgreen PM. Warmer weather and the risk of urinary tract infections in women. J Urol. 2021, 205:500-6. 10.1097\/JU.0000000000001383","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.291.6503.1157","article-title":"Staphylococcus saprophyticus as a urinary pathogen: a six year prospective survey","volume":"291","author":"Pead L","year":"1985","unstructured":"Pead L, Maskell R, Morris J. Staphylococcus saprophyticus as a urinary pathogen: a six year prospective survey. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1985, 291:1157-9. 10.1136\/bmj.291.6503.1157","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02813438709018101","article-title":"Urinary tract infection in primary health care in northern Sweden. III. Bacteriology in relation to clinical and epidemiological factors","volume":"5","author":"Ferry S","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ferry S, Burman LG. Urinary tract infection in primary health care in northern Sweden. III. Bacteriology in relation to clinical and epidemiological factors. Scand J Prim Health Care. 1987, 5:233-40. 10.3109\/02813438709018101","journal-title":"Scand J Prim Health Care"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13911","article-title":"Urinary tract infection caused by extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing bacteria: risk factors and antibiotic resistance","volume":"61","author":"Albaramki JH","year":"2019","unstructured":"Albaramki JH, Abdelghani T, Dalaeen A, Khdair Ahmad F, Alassaf A, Odeh R, Akl K. Urinary tract infection caused by extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing bacteria: risk factors and antibiotic resistance. Pediatr Int. 2019, 61:1127-32. 10.1111\/ped.13911","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00008","article-title":"Interventions to reduce 30-day rehospitalization: a systematic review","volume":"155","author":"Hansen LO","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hansen LO, Young RS, Hinami K, Leung A, Williams MV. Interventions to reduce 30-day rehospitalization: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2011, 155:520-8. 10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/84549-urinary-tract-infection-as-the-diagnosis-for-admission-through-the-emergency-department-its-prevalence-seasonality-diagnostic-methods-and-diagnostic-decisions","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:37:58Z","timestamp":1707507478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/84549-urinary-tract-infection-as-the-diagnosis-for-admission-through-the-emergency-department-its-prevalence-seasonality-diagnostic-methods-and-diagnostic-decisions"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]},"references-count":35,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.27808","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]}}}