{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T15:01:17Z","timestamp":1780930877497,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.27991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]],"date-time":"2022-08-14T13:15:05Z","timestamp":1660482905000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reversible Gynecomastia in HIV-Infected Man Treated With Triple Antiretroviral Therapy Containing Efavirenz: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Mohammed Amine","family":"Essafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamiaa","family":"Elazizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayat","family":"Aynaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houda","family":"Salhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan","family":"El Ouahabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp070677","article-title":"Gynecomastia","volume":"357","author":"Braunstein GD","year":"2007","unstructured":"Braunstein GD. Gynecomastia. N Engl J Med. 2007, 357:1229-37. 10.1056\/NEJMcp070677","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12636","article-title":"EAA clinical practice guidelines-gynecomastia evaluation and management","volume":"7","author":"Kanakis GA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kanakis GA, Nordkap L, Bang AK, et al.. EAA clinical practice guidelines-gynecomastia evaluation and management. Andrology. 2019, 7:778-93. 10.1111\/andr.12636","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"World Health Organization: Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection","year":"2016","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection. 2016, 480-978."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)60671-X","article-title":"Gynecomastia: pathophysiology, evaluation, and management","volume":"84","author":"Johnson RE","year":"2009","unstructured":"Johnson RE, Murad MH. Gynecomastia: pathophysiology, evaluation, and management. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009, 84:1010-5. 10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)60671-X","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540110026476","article-title":"Incidence of gynecomastia in men infected with HIV and treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"33","author":"Piroth L","year":"2001","unstructured":"Piroth L, Grappin M, Petit JM, Buisson M, Duong M, Chavanet P, Portier H. Incidence of gynecomastia in men infected with HIV and treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Scand J Infect Dis. 2001, 33:559-60. 10.1080\/00365540110026476","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Gynaecomastia in HIV-infected men","volume":"9","author":"Mira JA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mira JA, Lozano F, Santos J, Ramayo E, Terr\u00f3n A, Palacios R, et al.. Gynaecomastia in HIV-infected men. Antivir Ther. 2004, 9:511-7.","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200107270-00018","article-title":"Gynecomastia without lipodystrophy syndrome in HIV-infected men treated with efavirenz","volume":"15","author":"Caso JA","year":"2001","unstructured":"Caso JA, Prieto Jde M, Casas E, Sanz J. Gynecomastia without lipodystrophy syndrome in HIV-infected men treated with efavirenz. AIDS. 2001, 15:1447-8. 10.1097\/00002030-200107270-00018","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188379","article-title":"The burden of gynecomastia among men on antiretroviral therapy in Zomba, Malawi","volume":"12","author":"Singano V","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singano V, Amberbir A, Garone D, et al.. The burden of gynecomastia among men on antiretroviral therapy in Zomba, Malawi. PLoS One. 2017, 12:e0188379. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0188379","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/mmj.v27i3.11","article-title":"Breast enlargement in Malawian males on the standard first-line antiretroviral therapy regimen: Case reports and review of the literature","volume":"27","author":"Kwekwesa A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kwekwesa A, Kandionamaso C, Winata N, et al.. Breast enlargement in Malawian males on the standard first-line antiretroviral therapy regimen: Case reports and review of the literature. Malawi Med J. 2015, 27:115-7. 10.4314\/mmj.v27i3.11","journal-title":"Malawi Med J"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-016-0121-z","article-title":"Cases of antiretroviral-associated gynaecomastia reported to the national HIV &; tuberculosis health care worker hotline in South Africa","volume":"13","author":"Njuguna C","year":"2016","unstructured":"Njuguna C, Swart A, Blockman M, et al.. Cases of antiretroviral-associated gynaecomastia reported to the national HIV &; tuberculosis health care worker hotline in South Africa. AIDS Res Ther. 2016, 13:40. 10.1186\/s12981-016-0121-z","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2010.00831.x","article-title":"Efavirenz directly modulates the oestrogen receptor and induces breast cancer cell growth","volume":"11","author":"Sikora MJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sikora MJ, Rae JM, Johnson MD, Desta Z. Efavirenz directly modulates the oestrogen receptor and induces breast cancer cell growth. HIV Med. 2010, 11:603-7. 10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2010.00831.x","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/mmj.v28i4.8","article-title":"Gynaecomastia in two men on stable antiretroviral therapy who commenced treatment for tuberculosis","volume":"28","author":"Kratz JD","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kratz JD, El-Shazly AY, Mambuque SG, Demetria E, Veldkamp P, Anderson TS. Gynaecomastia in two men on stable antiretroviral therapy who commenced treatment for tuberculosis. Malawi Med J. 2016, 28:185-7. 10.4314\/mmj.v28i4.8","journal-title":"Malawi Med J"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Efavirenz-induced gynaecomastia in HIV-infected Nigerian men: a report of six cases","volume":"2","author":"Oche O. Agbaji","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oche O. Agbaji, Patricia A. Agaba, Peter N. Ekeh, et al.. Efavirenz-induced gynaecomastia in HIV-infected Nigerian men: a report of six cases. Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences. 2011, 2:1221-4.","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11599\/germs.2015.1075","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of adverse drug events in an African cohort of HIV-infected adults treated with efavirenz","volume":"5","author":"Abah IO","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abah IO, Akanbi M, Abah ME, et al.. Incidence and predictors of adverse drug events in an African cohort of HIV-infected adults treated with efavirenz. Germs. 2015, 5:83-91. 10.11599\/germs.2015.1075","journal-title":"Germs"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of male breast enlargement in patients with HIV\/AIDS","volume":"10","author":"Qazi N","year":"2000","unstructured":"Qazi N, Morlese J, King DM, Ahmad R, Nelson M. Diagnosis and management of male breast enlargement in patients with HIV\/AIDS. AIDS Read. 2000, 10:703-8.","journal-title":"AIDS Read"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4332-5","article-title":"Gynecomastia in HIV-positive adult men receiving efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy at Newlands clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe","volume":"19","author":"Shawarira-Bote S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shawarira-Bote S, Shamu T, Chimbetete C. Gynecomastia in HIV-positive adult men receiving efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy at Newlands clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe. BMC Infect Dis. 2019, 19:715. 10.1186\/s12879-019-4332-5","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1075-122X.2004.21392.x","article-title":"Efavirenz-associated gynecomastia: report of five cases and review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Jover F","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jover F, Cuadrado JM, Roig P, Rodr\u00edguez M, Andreu L, Merino J. Efavirenz-associated gynecomastia: report of five cases and review of the literature. Breast J. 2004, 10:244-6. 10.1111\/j.1075-122X.2004.21392.x","journal-title":"Breast J"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/106576-reversible-gynecomastia-in-hiv-infected-man-treated-with-triple-antiretroviral-therapy-containing-efavirenz-a-case-report","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:48:06Z","timestamp":1707508086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/106576-reversible-gynecomastia-in-hiv-infected-man-treated-with-triple-antiretroviral-therapy-containing-efavirenz-a-case-report"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]]},"references-count":17,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.27991","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]]}}}