{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T05:46:38Z","timestamp":1751003198759},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.28311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T19:06:51Z","timestamp":1661281611000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Association Between Refractive Errors and Breastfeeding in Pakistani Children: A Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Malab S","family":"Balouch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Shahbaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad M","family":"Balouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mechale S","family":"Balouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muneeb U","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17485\/ijst\/2011\/v4i9.18","article-title":"Prevalence of refractive errors in school children","volume":"4","author":"Prema N","year":"2011","unstructured":"Prema N. Prevalence of refractive errors in school children. Indian J Sci Technol. 2011, 4:9. 10.17485\/ijst\/2011\/v4i9.18","journal-title":"Indian J Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Blindness prevention programmes: past, present, and future","volume":"79","author":"Resnikoff S","year":"2001","unstructured":"Resnikoff S, Pararajasegaram R. Blindness prevention programmes: past, present, and future. Bull World Health Organ. 2001, 79:222-6.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"The challenge of providing spectacles in the developing world","volume":"13","author":"Holden BA","year":"2000","unstructured":"Holden BA, Sulaiman S, Knox K. The challenge of providing spectacles in the developing world. Community Eye Health. 2000, 13:9-10.","journal-title":"Community Eye Health"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Prevalence of undetected refractive errors among school children","volume":"23","author":"Ali A","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ali A, Ahmad I, Ayub S. Prevalence of undetected refractive errors among school children. Biomedica. 2007, 23:3-7.","journal-title":"Biomedica"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Prevalence and pattern of refractive errors in school going children of Mangla Cantonement","volume":"69","author":"Abbas H","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abbas H, Awais M, Naimat K. Prevalence and pattern of refractive errors in school going children of Mangla Cantonement. Pak Armed Forces Med J. 2019, 69:1-5.","journal-title":"Pak Armed Forces Med J"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Prevalence of refractive error in school children of Karachi","volume":"58","author":"Alam H","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alam H, Siddiqui MI, Jafri SI, Khan AS, Ahmed SI, Jafar M. Prevalence of refractive error in school children of Karachi. J Pak Med Assoc. 2008, 58:322-5.","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-019-1220-0","article-title":"A review on the epidemiology of myopia in school children worldwide","volume":"20","author":"Grzybowski A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grzybowski A, Kanclerz P, Tsubota K, Lanca C, Saw SM. A review on the epidemiology of myopia in school children worldwide. BMC Ophthalmol. 2020, 20:27. 10.1186\/s12886-019-1220-0","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Parental myopia, near work, school achievement, and children's refractive error","volume":"43","author":"Mutti DO","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mutti DO, Mitchell GL, Moeschberger ML, Jones LA, Zadnik K. Parental myopia, near work, school achievement, and children's refractive error. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002, 43:3633-40.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000072037","article-title":"Interactions of genes and environment in myopia","volume":"37","author":"Feldk\u00e4mper M","year":"2003","unstructured":"Feldk\u00e4mper M, Schaeffel F. Interactions of genes and environment in myopia. Dev Ophthalmol. 2003, 37:34-49. 10.1159\/000072037","journal-title":"Dev Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.083535","article-title":"Change of refractive state and eye size in children of birth weight less than 1701 g","volume":"90","author":"O'Connor AR","year":"2006","unstructured":"O'Connor AR, Stephenson TJ, Johnson A, Tobin MJ, Ratib S, Fielder AR. Change of refractive state and eye size in children of birth weight less than 1701 g. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006, 90:456-60. 10.1136\/bjo.2005.083535","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-1118","article-title":"Parental history of myopia, sports and outdoor activities, and future myopia","volume":"48","author":"Jones LA","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jones LA, Sinnott LT, Mutti DO, Mitchell GL, Moeschberger ML, Zadnik K. Parental history of myopia, sports and outdoor activities, and future myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007, 48:3524-32. 10.1167\/iovs.06-1118","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15549","article-title":"Risk factors for childhood myopia: findings from the NICER Study","volume":"56","author":"O'Donoghue L","year":"2015","unstructured":"O'Donoghue L, Kapetanankis VV, McClelland JF, Logan NS, Owen CG, Saunders KJ, Rudnicka AR. Risk factors for childhood myopia: findings from the NICER Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015, 56:1524-30. 10.1167\/iovs.14-15549","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032721","article-title":"Prenatal and neonatal factors for the development of childhood visual impairment in primary and middle school students: a cross-sectional survey in Guangzhou, China","volume":"10","author":"Yu B","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu B, Dai L, Chen J, et al.. Prenatal and neonatal factors for the development of childhood visual impairment in primary and middle school students: a cross-sectional survey in Guangzhou, China. BMJ Open. 2020, 10:e032721. 10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032721","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19930101-09","article-title":"Breast-feeding and optimal visual development","volume":"30","author":"Birch E","year":"1993","unstructured":"Birch E, Birch D, Hoffman D, Hale L, Everett M, Uauy R. Breast-feeding and optimal visual development. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1993, 30:33-8. 10.3928\/0191-3913-19930101-09","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1465","article-title":"Human milk intake and retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low birth weight infants","volume":"120","author":"Heller CD","year":"2007","unstructured":"Heller CD, O'Shea M, Yao Q, et al.. Human milk intake and retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2007, 120:1-9. 10.1542\/peds.2006-1465","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.92162","article-title":"Relationship between ocular morbidity and Infant nutrition","author":"Bozkurt E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bozkurt E, Bozkurt HB. Relationship between ocular morbidity and Infant nutrition. Infant Feeding - Breast Versus Formula. Al-Zwaini IJ, Al-Ani ZR, Hurley W (ed): IntechOpen, London, UK; 2020. 1:3-7. 10.5772\/intechopen.92162"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.24.3001","article-title":"Association between breastfeeding and likelihood of myopia in children","volume":"293","author":"Chong YS","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chong YS, Liang Y, Tan D, Gazzard G, Stone RA, Saw SM. Association between breastfeeding and likelihood of myopia in children. JAMA. 2005, 293:3001-2. 10.1001\/jama.293.24.3001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.5.1392","article-title":"Effect of breastfeeding and sociodemographic factors on visual outcome in childhood and adolescence","volume":"87","author":"Rudnicka AR","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rudnicka AR, Owen CG, Richards M, Wadsworth ME, Strachan DP. Effect of breastfeeding and sociodemographic factors on visual outcome in childhood and adolescence. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008, 87:1392-9. 10.1093\/ajcn\/87.5.1392","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2016.0010","article-title":"The relationship between breastfeeding and measurements of refraction and visual acuity in primary school children","volume":"11","author":"Shirzadeh E","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shirzadeh E, Kooshki A, Mohammadi M. The relationship between breastfeeding and measurements of refraction and visual acuity in primary school children. Breastfeed Med. 2016, 11:235-8. 10.1089\/bfm.2016.0010","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"World Health Organization. The Management of Low Vision in Children. Report of a WHO Consultation. Bangkok, July 1992. (1992). Accessed: August 21, 2022: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/61105."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/nmj.NMJ_89_19","article-title":"Academic implications of uncorrected refractive error: a study of Sokoto Metropolitan schoolchildren","volume":"60","author":"Olatunji LK","year":"2019","unstructured":"Olatunji LK, Abdulsalam LB, Lukman A, Abduljaleel A, Yusuf I. Academic implications of uncorrected refractive error: a study of Sokoto Metropolitan schoolchildren. Niger Med J. 2019, 60:295-9. 10.4103\/nmj.NMJ_89_19","journal-title":"Niger Med J"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chieco.2015.01.004","article-title":"Poor vision among China\u2019s rural primary school students: prevalence, correlates and consequences","volume":"33","author":"Yi H","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yi H, Zhang L, Ma X, et al.. Poor vision among China\u2019s rural primary school students: prevalence, correlates and consequences. China Econ Rev. 2015, 33:247-62. 10.1016\/j.chieco.2015.01.004","journal-title":"China Econ Rev"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37762\/jgmds.7-1.99","article-title":"Prevalence of refractive error and Strabismus in primary school children of Tehsil Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","volume":"37762","author":"Ullah F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ullah F, Mahsood N, Mohyuddin W, Afridi S, ur Rehman Z. Prevalence of refractive error and Strabismus in primary school children of Tehsil Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. J Gandhara Med Dent Sci. 2020, 37762:1-5. 10.37762\/jgmds.7-1.99","journal-title":"J Gandhara Med Dent Sci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27878-0","article-title":"Breastfeeding and myopia: a cross-sectional study of children aged 6-12 years in Tianjin, China","volume":"8","author":"Liu S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu S, Ye S, Wang Q, Cao Y, Zhang X. Breastfeeding and myopia: a cross-sectional study of children aged 6-12 years in Tianjin, China. Sci Rep. 2018, 8:10025. 10.1038\/s41598-018-27878-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2009.198","article-title":"Breastfeeding and association with refractive error in young Singapore Chinese children","volume":"24","author":"Sham WK","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sham WK, Dirani M, Chong YS, Hornbeak DM, Gazzard G, Li J, Saw SM. Breastfeeding and association with refractive error in young Singapore Chinese children. Eye (Lond). 2010, 24:875-80. 10.1038\/eye.2009.198","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23211","article-title":"The effect of longer-term and exclusive breastfeeding promotion on visual outcome in adolescence","volume":"59","author":"Owen CG","year":"2018","unstructured":"Owen CG, Oken E, Rudnicka AR, et al.. The effect of longer-term and exclusive breastfeeding promotion on visual outcome in adolescence. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018, 59:2670-8. 10.1167\/iovs.17-23211","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/109087-the-association-between-refractive-errors-and-breastfeeding-in-pakistani-children-a-case-control-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:49:28Z","timestamp":1707508168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/109087-the-association-between-refractive-errors-and-breastfeeding-in-pakistani-children-a-case-control-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"references-count":26,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.28311","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]}}}