{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T05:05:01Z","timestamp":1783659901704,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.29487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T11:15:36Z","timestamp":1663931736000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Comparative Study of Luteinizing Hormone Levels in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome With Hyperandrogenism: Metformin Versus Oral Contraceptive Pills"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Abdul","family":"Fattah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dania A","family":"Al-Kader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia  E","family":"Jones Amaowei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Humayoun","family":"Amini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hewad","family":"Hewadmal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayed Farhad","family":"Rasuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ijeoma V","family":"Ikedum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jawad","family":"Farooq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masharib","family":"Bashar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laila Tul","family":"Qadar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S37559","article-title":"Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Sirmans SM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sirmans SM, Pate KA. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Epidemiol. 2013, 6:1-13. 10.2147\/CLEP.S37559","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-50-1-113","article-title":"Correlation of hyperandrogenism with hyperinsulinism in polycystic ovarian disease","volume":"50","author":"Burghen GA","year":"1980","unstructured":"Burghen GA, Givens JR, Kitabchi AE. Correlation of hyperandrogenism with hyperinsulinism in polycystic ovarian disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1980, 50:113-6. 10.1210\/jcem-50-1-113","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(94)90209-7","article-title":"Metformin therapy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome reduces hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism and systolic blood pressure, while facilitating menstrual regularity and pregnancy","volume":"43","author":"Velasquez EM","year":"1994","unstructured":"Velasquez EM, Mendosa S, Hamer T, Sosa F, Glucck CJ. Metformin therapy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome reduces hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism and systolic blood pressure, while facilitating menstrual regularity and pregnancy. Metabolism. 1994, 43:647-655. 10.1016\/0026-0495(94)90209-7","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(99)90113-0","article-title":"Metformin induced resumption of normal menses in 39 of 43(91%) previously amenorrheic women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"48","author":"Glueck CJ","year":"1999","unstructured":"Glueck CJ, Wang P, Fontaine R, Tracy T, Sieve-Smith L. Metformin induced resumption of normal menses in 39 of 43(91%) previously amenorrheic women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism. 1999, 48:1-10. 10.1016\/S0026-0495(99)90113-0","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2018.09.002","article-title":"Structural and functional profiles of the gut microbial community in polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance (IR-PCOS): a pilot study","volume":"170","author":"Zeng B","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zeng B, Lai Z, Sun L, et al.. Structural and functional profiles of the gut microbial community in polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance (IR-PCOS): a pilot study. Res Microbiol. 2019, 170:43-52. 10.1016\/j.resmic.2018.09.002","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmg044","article-title":"Ultrasound assessment of the polycystic ovary: international consensus definitions","volume":"9","author":"Balen AH","year":"2003","unstructured":"Balen AH, Laven JS, Tan SL, Dewailly D. Ultrasound assessment of the polycystic ovary: international consensus definitions. Hum Reprod Update. 2003, 9:505-14. 10.1093\/humupd\/dmg044","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13493-9","article-title":"Descriptive review of the evidence for the use of metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"361","author":"Harborne L","year":"2003","unstructured":"Harborne L, Fleming R, Lyall H, Norman J, Sattar N. Descriptive review of the evidence for the use of metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome. Lancet. 2003, 361:1894-1901. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13493-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/gye.17.1.51.56","article-title":"Effects of metformin therapy on hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Kazerooni T","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kazerooni T, Dehghan-Kooshkghazi M. Effects of metformin therapy on hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2003, 17:51-6.","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Metformin for treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"101","author":"Barbieri RL","year":"2003","unstructured":"Barbieri RL. Metformin for treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 2003, 101:785-793.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015-0282(02)04800-8","article-title":"Effect of metformin on BMI, menstrual cyclicity and ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"79","author":"Haas DA","year":"2003","unstructured":"Haas DA, Carr BR, Attia GR. Effect of metformin on BMI, menstrual cyclicity and ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2003, 79:469-481. 10.1016\/s0015-0282(02)04800-8","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003053","article-title":"Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for polycystic ovary syndrome","author":"Lord JM","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lord JM, Flight IH, Norman RJ. Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003, CD003053. 10.1002\/14651858.CD003053","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012512","article-title":"Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin","volume":"346","author":"Knowler WC","year":"2002","unstructured":"Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA, Nathan DM. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002, 346:393-403. 10.1056\/NEJMoa012512","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-1-200207020-00009","article-title":"Metformin: an update","volume":"137","author":"Kirpichnikov D","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kirpichnikov D, McFarlane SI, Sowers JR. Metformin: an update. Ann Intern Med. 2002, 137:25-33. 10.7326\/0003-4819-137-1-200207020-00009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)00501-X","article-title":"Metformin therapy decreases hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"73","author":"Kolodziejezyk B","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kolodziejezyk B, Delleba AJ, Spaczynski RZ, Pawelczyk L. Metformin therapy decreases hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2000, 73:1149-1154. 10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)00501-X","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei311","article-title":"Combined lifestyle modification and metformin in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind multicentre study","volume":"21","author":"Tang T","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tang T, Glanville J, Hayden CJ, White D, Barth JH, Balen AH. Combined lifestyle modification and metformin in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind multicentre study. Hum Reprod. 2006, 21:80-9. 10.1093\/humrep\/dei311","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.4.853","article-title":"Should patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome be treated with metformin? A note of cautious optimism","volume":"17","author":"Homburg R","year":"2002","unstructured":"Homburg R. Should patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome be treated with metformin? A note of cautious optimism. Hum Reprod. 2002, 17:853-6. 10.1093\/humrep\/17.4.853","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Role of Metformin in correcting hyperinsulinemia, menstrual irregularity and anovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Shamsa Z","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shamsa Z. Role of Metformin in correcting hyperinsulinemia, menstrual irregularity and anovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2006, 17:41-44.","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/113952-a-comparative-study-of-luteinizing-hormone-levels-in-polycystic-ovarian-syndrome-with-hyperandrogenism-metformin-versus-oral-contraceptive-pills","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:48:53Z","timestamp":1707508133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/113952-a-comparative-study-of-luteinizing-hormone-levels-in-polycystic-ovarian-syndrome-with-hyperandrogenism-metformin-versus-oral-contraceptive-pills"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"references-count":17,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.29487","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]}}}