{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T21:16:34Z","timestamp":1782422194334,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.30857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T06:09:26Z","timestamp":1667110166000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of Solar Radiation on the Eyes"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Dishita","family":"Chawda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranaykumar","family":"Shinde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15102063","article-title":"Solar radiation exposure and outdoor work: an underestimated occupational risk","volume":"15","author":"Modenese A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Modenese A, Korpinen L, Gobba F. Solar radiation exposure and outdoor work: an underestimated occupational risk. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018, 15:2063. 10.3390\/ijerph15102063","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201900102","article-title":"The inner clock-blue light sets the human rhythm","volume":"12","author":"Wahl S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wahl S, Engelhardt M, Schaupp P, Lappe C, Ivanov IV. The inner clock-blue light sets the human rhythm. J Biophotonics. 2019, 12:e201900102. 10.1002\/jbio.201900102","journal-title":"J Biophotonics"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041357","article-title":"Balance between health risks and benefits for outdoor workers exposed to solar radiation: an overview on the role of near infrared radiation alone and in combination with other solar spectral bands","volume":"17","author":"Grandi C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grandi C, D'Ovidio MC. Balance between health risks and benefits for outdoor workers exposed to solar radiation: an overview on the role of near infrared radiation alone and in combination with other solar spectral bands. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020, 17:1357. 10.3390\/ijerph17041357","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15010037","article-title":"Occupational exposure to solar radiation at different latitudes and pterygium: a systematic review of the last 10 years of scientific literature","volume":"15","author":"Modenese A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Modenese A, Gobba F. Occupational exposure to solar radiation at different latitudes and pterygium: a systematic review of the last 10 years of scientific literature. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017, 15:37. 10.3390\/ijerph15010037","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.678680","article-title":"Health risks associated with excessive exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation among outdoor workers in South Africa: an overview","volume":"9","author":"Wright CY","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wright CY, Norval M. Health risks associated with excessive exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation among outdoor workers in South Africa: an overview. Front Public Health. 2021, 9:678680. 10.3389\/fpubh.2021.678680","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13734","article-title":"Cataract frequency and subtypes involved in workers assessed for their solar radiation exposure: a systematic review","volume":"96","author":"Modenese A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Modenese A, Gobba F. Cataract frequency and subtypes involved in workers assessed for their solar radiation exposure: a systematic review. Acta Ophthalmol. 2018, 96:779-788. 10.1111\/aos.13734","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e3182212642","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation: cellular antioxidant response and the role of ocular aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes","volume":"37","author":"Marchitti SA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marchitti SA, Chen Y, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. Ultraviolet radiation: cellular antioxidant response and the role of ocular aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes. Eye Contact Lens. 2011, 37:206-13. 10.1097\/ICL.0b013e3182212642","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/IMH.2020.0015","article-title":"Eye diseases in travelers","volume":"71","author":"Korzeniewski K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Korzeniewski K. Eye diseases in travelers. Int Marit Health. 2020, 71:78-84. 10.5603\/IMH.2020.0015","journal-title":"Int Marit Health"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2015.265","article-title":"Light in man's environment","volume":"30","author":"Marshall J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marshall J. Light in man's environment. Eye (Lond). 2016, 30:211-4. 10.1038\/eye.2015.265","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2014.10.015","article-title":"Pathophysiology of ocular surface squamous neoplasia","volume":"129","author":"Gichuhi S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gichuhi S, Ohnuma S, Sagoo MS, Burton MJ. Pathophysiology of ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Exp Eye Res. 2014, 129:172-82. 10.1016\/j.exer.2014.10.015","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jpgm.JPGM_52_17","article-title":"Photokeratitis induced by ultraviolet radiation in travelers: a major health problem","volume":"64","author":"Izadi M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Izadi M, Jonaidi-Jafari N, Pourazizi M, Alemzadeh-Ansari MH, Hoseinpourfard MJ. Photokeratitis induced by ultraviolet radiation in travelers: a major health problem. J Postgrad Med. 2018, 64:40-6. 10.4103\/jpgm.JPGM_52_17","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Ocular cells and light: harmony or conflict?","volume":"55","author":"Jurja S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jurja S, H\u00eencu M, Dobrescu MA, Golu AE, Balasoiu AT, Coman M. Ocular cells and light: harmony or conflict?. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2014, 55:257-61.","journal-title":"Rom J Morphol Embryol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2003.tb03066.x","article-title":"Sunglasses and sunglass standards","volume":"86","author":"Dain SJ","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dain SJ. Sunglasses and sunglass standards. Clin Exp Optom. 2003, 86:77-90. 10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2003.tb03066.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.011","article-title":"Adverse effects of ultraviolet radiation: a brief review","volume":"92","author":"Gallagher RP","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gallagher RP, Lee TK. Adverse effects of ultraviolet radiation: a brief review. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2006, 92:119-31. 10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.011","journal-title":"Prog Biophys Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2015.221","article-title":"Light pollution: the possible consequences of excessive illumination on retina","volume":"30","author":"Cont\u00edn MA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cont\u00edn MA, Benedetto MM, Quinteros-Quintana ML, Guido ME. Light pollution: the possible consequences of excessive illumination on retina. Eye (Lond). 2016, 30:255-63. 10.1038\/eye.2015.221","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005","article-title":"Acute effects of UVR on human eyes and skin","volume":"92","author":"Young AR","year":"2006","unstructured":"Young AR. Acute effects of UVR on human eyes and skin. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2006, 92:80-5. 10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005","journal-title":"Prog Biophys Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Solar radiation exposure in agriculture: an underestimated risk (Article in Italian)","volume":"34","author":"Gobba F","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gobba F. Solar radiation exposure in agriculture: an underestimated risk (Article in Italian). G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2012, 34:390-2.","journal-title":"G Ital Med Lav Ergon"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e318223394e","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation and the anterior eye","volume":"37","author":"Coroneo M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Coroneo M. Ultraviolet radiation and the anterior eye. Eye Contact Lens. 2011, 37:214-24. 10.1097\/ICL.0b013e318223394e","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Bernardino Ramazzini's intuitions and modern occupational medicine (Article in Italian)","volume":"23","author":"Gobba F","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gobba F, Modenese A, Occhionero V. Bernardino Ramazzini's intuitions and modern occupational medicine (Article in Italian). Med Secoli. 2011, 23:443-63.","journal-title":"Med Secoli"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2010.08.004","article-title":"Solar radiation and human health","volume":"101","author":"Moan J","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moan J, Juzeniene A. Solar radiation and human health. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2010, 101:109-10. 10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2010.08.004","journal-title":"J Photochem Photobiol B"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Bernardino Ramazzini\u2019s intuitions and modern occupational medicine (Article in Italian)","volume":"23","author":"Gobba F","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gobba F, Modenese A, Occhionero V. Bernardino Ramazzini\u2019s intuitions and modern occupational medicine (Article in Italian). Med Secoli. 2011, 23:443-463.","journal-title":"Med Secoli"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Erythema Reference Action Spectrum and Standard Erythema Dose","author":"Internationals Standard Organization and Commision Internationale d\u2019Eclairage","year":"1999","unstructured":"Internationals Standard Organization and Commision Internationale d\u2019Eclairage. Erythema Reference Action Spectrum and Standard Erythema Dose. Geneva; 1999."},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Non-binding guide to good practice for implementing Directive 2006\/25\/EC \u2018Artificial Optical Radiation\u2019. (2011). Accessed. July 26, 2018: https:\/\/www.av.se\/globalassets\/filer\/publikationer\/foreskrifter\/optisk-stralning-eu-guide-eng.pdf."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0b013e3181d85908","article-title":"ICNIRP statement--Protection of workers against ultraviolet radiation","volume":"99","year":"2010","unstructured":"ICNIRP statement--Protection of workers against ultraviolet radiation. Health Phys. 2010, 99.66-87. 10.1097\/HP.0b013e3181d85908","journal-title":"Health Phys"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Radiation Volume 100 D. A Review of Human Carcinogens","year":"2012","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Radiation Volume 100 D. A Review of Human Carcinogens. WHO Press, Lyon; 2012."},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Guidelines on limits of exposure to incoherent visible and infrared radiation","volume":"105","year":"2013","unstructured":"International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Guidelines on limits of exposure to incoherent visible and infrared radiation. Health Phys. 2013, 105.74-96.","journal-title":"Health Phys"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspl.1862.0069","article-title":"On the measurement of the chemical action of direct and diffuse sunlight","volume":"12","author":"Bunsen RW","year":"1863","unstructured":"Bunsen RW, Roscoe HE. On the measurement of the chemical action of direct and diffuse sunlight. Proc R Soc Lond. 1863, 12:306. 10.1098\/rspl.1862.0069","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711133372003","article-title":"Pathophysiology of premature skin aging induced by ultraviolet light","volume":"337","author":"Fisher GJ","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fisher GJ, Wang ZQ, Datta SC, Varani J, Kang S, Voorhees JJ. Pathophysiology of premature skin aging induced by ultraviolet light. N Engl J Med. 1997, 337:1419-28. 10.1056\/NEJM199711133372003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12465094","article-title":"Epidermal changes in human skin following irradiation with either UVB or UVA","volume":"88","author":"Pearse AD","year":"1987","unstructured":"Pearse AD, Gaskell SA, Marks R. Epidermal changes in human skin following irradiation with either UVB or UVA. J Invest Dermatol. 1987, 88:83-7.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10915810290169927","article-title":"How light reaches the eye and its components","volume":"21","author":"Sliney DH","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sliney DH. How light reaches the eye and its components. Int J Toxicol. 2002, 21:501-9. 10.1080\/10915810290169927","journal-title":"Int J Toxicol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3630","article-title":"Ocular ultraviolet radiation exposure of welders","volume":"43","author":"Tenkate TD","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tenkate TD. Ocular ultraviolet radiation exposure of welders. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2017, 43:287-8. 10.5271\/sjweh.3630","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-36841-0_679","article-title":"Active physiological protective reactions should be used as a prudent precaution safety means in the application of low-power laser radiation","author":"Reidenbach HD","year":"2006","unstructured":"Reidenbach HD, Hofmann J, Dollinger K. Active physiological protective reactions should be used as a prudent precaution safety means in the application of low-power laser radiation. IFMBE Proc. R. Magjarevic, J.H. Nagel (ed): Springer, Berlin; 2006. 14:2690-3. 10.1007\/978-3-540-36841-0_679"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14319","article-title":"Minimum standards on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of occupational and work-related skin diseases in Europe - position paper of the COST Action StanDerm (TD 1206)","volume":"31 Suppl 4","author":"Alfonso JH","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alfonso JH, Bauer A, Bensefa-Colas L, et al.. Minimum standards on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of occupational and work-related skin diseases in Europe - position paper of the COST Action StanDerm (TD 1206). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017, 31 Suppl 4:31-43. 10.1111\/jdv.14319","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jes.7500521","article-title":"Effective exposure to solar UV in building workers: influence of local and individual factors","volume":"17","author":"Antoine M","year":"2007","unstructured":"Antoine M, Pierre-Edouard S, Jean-Luc B, David V. Effective exposure to solar UV in building workers: influence of local and individual factors. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2007, 17:58-68. 10.1038\/sj.jes.7500521","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/116706-effects-of-solar-radiation-on-the-eyes","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:42:37Z","timestamp":1707507757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/116706-effects-of-solar-radiation-on-the-eyes"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]},"references-count":34,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.30857","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]}}}