{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T19:46:18Z","timestamp":1744400778948},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.30964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T11:20:19Z","timestamp":1667301619000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Superficial Parasternal Intercostal Plane Blocks (SPIB) With Buprenorphine, Magnesium, and Bupivacaine for Management of Pain in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronak","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Paik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Cassella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Lucaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farhad","family":"Ghoddoussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joffer","family":"Hakim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Leicht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kinjal","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S144066","article-title":"Poorly controlled postoperative pain: prevalence, consequences, and prevention","volume":"10","author":"Gan TJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gan TJ. Poorly controlled postoperative pain: prevalence, consequences, and prevention. J Pain Res. 2017, 10:2287-98. 10.2147\/JPR.S144066","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000997","article-title":"Persistent postoperative pain after cardiac surgery: a systematic review with meta-analysis regarding incidence and pain intensity","volume":"158","author":"Guimar\u00e3es-Pereira L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guimar\u00e3es-Pereira L, Reis P, Abelha F, Azevedo LF, Castro-Lopes JM. Persistent postoperative pain after cardiac surgery: a systematic review with meta-analysis regarding incidence and pain intensity. Pain. 2017, 158:1869-85. 10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000997","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2018.31.3.155","article-title":"Chronic postsurgical pain: current evidence for prevention and management","volume":"31","author":"Thapa P","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thapa P, Euasobhon P. Chronic postsurgical pain: current evidence for prevention and management. Korean J Pain. 2018, 31:155-73. 10.3344\/kjp.2018.31.3.155","journal-title":"Korean J Pain"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000263034.96885.e1","article-title":"The role of the anesthesiologist in fast-track surgery: from multimodal analgesia to perioperative medical care","volume":"104","author":"White PF","year":"2007","unstructured":"White PF, Kehlet H, Neal JM, Schricker T, Carr DB, Carli F. The role of the anesthesiologist in fast-track surgery: from multimodal analgesia to perioperative medical care. Anesth Analg. 2007, 104:1380-96. 10.1213\/01.ane.0000263034.96885.e1","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006715.pub2","article-title":"Epidural analgesia for cardiac surgery","author":"Svircevic V","year":"2013","unstructured":"Svircevic V, Passier MM, Nierich AP, van Dijk D, Kalkman CJ, van der Heijden GJ. Epidural analgesia for cardiac surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013, 10.1002\/14651858.CD006715.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.2.551","article-title":"Neuraxial blockade and hematoma in cardiac surgery: estimating the risk of a rare adverse event that has not (yet) occurred","volume":"117","author":"Ho AM","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ho AM, Chung DC, Joynt GM. Neuraxial blockade and hematoma in cardiac surgery: estimating the risk of a rare adverse event that has not (yet) occurred. Chest. 2000, 117:551-5. 10.1378\/chest.117.2.551","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2011.61.6.524","article-title":"Spinal epidural hematoma related to an epidural catheter in a cardiac surgery patient -a case report-","volume":"61","author":"Bang J","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bang J, Kim JU, Lee YM, et al.. Spinal epidural hematoma related to an epidural catheter in a cardiac surgery patient -a case report-. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2011, 61:524-7. 10.4097\/kjae.2011.61.6.524","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000103267.37895.5B","article-title":"An epidural hematoma in an adolescent patient after cardiac surgery","volume":"98","author":"Rosen DA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rosen DA, Hawkinberry DW 2nd, Rosen KR, Gustafson RA, Hogg JP, Broadman LM. An epidural hematoma in an adolescent patient after cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg. 2004, 98:966-9. 10.1213\/01.ANE.0000103267.37895.5B","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.053","article-title":"Transversus thoracic muscle plane block for analgesia after pediatric cardiac surgery","volume":"35","author":"Cakmak M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cakmak M, Isik O. Transversus thoracic muscle plane block for analgesia after pediatric cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2021, 35:130-6. 10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.053","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.ACA_83_19","article-title":"Efficacy of paravertebral block in \"fast-tracking\" pediatric cardiac surgery - experiences from a tertiary care center","volume":"24","author":"Sahajanandan R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sahajanandan R, Varsha AV, Kumar DS, Kuppusamy B, Karuppiah S, Shukla V, Thankachen R. Efficacy of paravertebral block in \"fast-tracking\" pediatric cardiac surgery - experiences from a tertiary care center. Ann Card Anaesth. 2021, 24:24-9. 10.4103\/aca.ACA_83_19","journal-title":"Ann Card Anaesth"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.ACA_15_18","article-title":"Efficacy of bilateral pectoralis nerve block for ultrafast tracking and postoperative pain management in cardiac surgery","volume":"21","author":"Kumar KN","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar KN, Kalyane RN, Singh NG, et al.. Efficacy of bilateral pectoralis nerve block for ultrafast tracking and postoperative pain management in cardiac surgery. Ann Card Anaesth. 2018, 21:333-8. 10.4103\/aca.ACA_15_18","journal-title":"Ann Card Anaesth"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-022-01001-5","article-title":"Chest wall nerve blocks for cardiothoracic, breast surgery, and rib-related pain","volume":"26","author":"Sharma R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharma R, Louie A, Thai CP, Dizdarevic A. Chest wall nerve blocks for cardiothoracic, breast surgery, and rib-related pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2022, 26:43-56. 10.1007\/s11916-022-01001-5","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2022.110797","article-title":"Bilateral erector spinae plane blocks in children undergoing cardiac surgery: a randomized, controlled study","volume":"80","author":"Karacaer F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karacaer F, Biricik E, Ilg\u0131nel M, Tunay D, Top\u00e7uo\u011flu \u015e, \u00dcnl\u00fcgen\u00e7 H. Bilateral erector spinae plane blocks in children undergoing cardiac surgery: a randomized, controlled study. J Clin Anesth. 2022, 80:10.1016\/j.jclinane.2022.110797","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-021-01291-z","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided parasternal intercostal nerve block for postoperative analgesia in mediastinal mass resection by median sternotomy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Chen H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen H, Song W, Wang W, Peng Y, Zhai C, Yao L, Xia Z. Ultrasound-guided parasternal intercostal nerve block for postoperative analgesia in mediastinal mass resection by median sternotomy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2021, 21:10.1186\/s12871-021-01291-z","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2006.09.003","article-title":"Parasternal intercostal block with ropivacaine for pain management after cardiac surgery: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Barr AM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Barr AM, Tutungi E, Almeida AA. Parasternal intercostal block with ropivacaine for pain management after cardiac surgery: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2007, 21:547-53. 10.1053\/j.jvca.2006.09.003","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-021-01391-w","article-title":"Effects of bilateral pecto-intercostal fascial block for perioperative pain management in patients undergoing open cardiac surgery: a prospective randomized study","volume":"21","author":"Zhang Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Gong H, Zhan B, Chen S. Effects of bilateral pecto-intercostal fascial block for perioperative pain management in patients undergoing open cardiac surgery: a prospective randomized study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2021, 21:10.1186\/s12871-021-01391-w","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2018.09.017","article-title":"Regional techniques for cardiac and cardiac-related procedures","volume":"33","author":"Mittnacht AJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mittnacht AJ, Shariat A, Weiner MM, Malhotra A, Miller MA, Mahajan A, Bhatt HV. Regional techniques for cardiac and cardiac-related procedures. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2019, 33:532-46. 10.1053\/j.jvca.2018.09.017","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Bupivacaine","author":"Shafiei FT","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shafiei FT, McAllister RK, Lopez J. Bupivacaine. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island, FL; 2022."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3578-14.2015","article-title":"Actions of bupivacaine, a widely used local anesthetic, on NMDA receptor responses","volume":"35","author":"Paganelli MA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Paganelli MA, Popescu GK. Actions of bupivacaine, a widely used local anesthetic, on NMDA receptor responses. J Neurosci. 2015, 35:831-42. 10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3578-14.2015","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"The effect of preemptive intravenous low-dose magnesium sulfate on early postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"52","author":"Kocman IB","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kocman IB, Krobot R, Premuzi\u0107 J, Kocman I, Stare R, Katalini\u0107 L, Basi\u0107-Juki\u0107 N. The effect of preemptive intravenous low-dose magnesium sulfate on early postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Acta Clin Croat. 2013, 52:289-94.","journal-title":"Acta Clin Croat"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2006.03.031","article-title":"Magnesium and the inflammatory response: potential physiopathological implications","volume":"458","author":"Mazur A","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mazur A, Maier JA, Rock E, Gueux E, Nowacki W, Rayssiguier Y. Magnesium and the inflammatory response: potential physiopathological implications. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2007, 458:48-56. 10.1016\/j.abb.2006.03.031","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Buprenorphine","author":"Kumar R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar R, Viswanath O, Saadabadi A. Buprenorphine. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island, FL; 2022."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v5.i8.307","article-title":"Adjuvants to local anesthetics: current understanding and future trends","volume":"5","author":"Swain A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Swain A, Nag DS, Sahu S, Samaddar DP. Adjuvants to local anesthetics: current understanding and future trends. World J Clin Cases. 2017, 5:307-23. 10.12998\/wjcc.v5.i8.307","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1445","article-title":"Development of persistent opioid use after cardiac surgery","volume":"5","author":"Brown CR","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brown CR, Chen Z, Khurshan F, Groeneveld PW, Desai ND. Development of persistent opioid use after cardiac surgery. JAMA Cardiol. 2020, 5:889-96. 10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1445","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1089253219888658","article-title":"Opioid-related adverse events: incidence and impact in patients undergoing cardiac surgery","volume":"24","author":"Allen KB","year":"2020","unstructured":"Allen KB, Brovman EY, Chhatriwalla AK, Greco KJ, Rao N, Kumar A, Urman RD. Opioid-related adverse events: incidence and impact in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2020, 24:219-26. 10.1177\/1089253219888658","journal-title":"Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002458","article-title":"Chronic opioid use after surgery: implications for perioperative management in the face of the opioid epidemic","volume":"125","author":"Hah JM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hah JM, Bateman BT, Ratliff J, Curtin C, Sun E. Chronic opioid use after surgery: implications for perioperative management in the face of the opioid epidemic. Anesth Analg. 2017, 125:1733-40. 10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002458","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2018.06.081","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of liposomal bupivacaine parasternal intercostal block for sternotomy","volume":"107","author":"Lee CY","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee CY, Robinson DA, Johnson CA Jr, et al.. A randomized controlled trial of liposomal bupivacaine parasternal intercostal block for sternotomy. Ann Thorac Surg. 2019, 107:128-34. 10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2018.06.081","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rapm.2002.30671","article-title":"Buprenorphine added to the local anesthetic for axillary brachial plexus block prolongs postoperative analgesia","volume":"27","author":"Candido KD","year":"2002","unstructured":"Candido KD, Winnie AP, Ghaleb AH, Fattouh MW, Franco CD. Buprenorphine added to the local anesthetic for axillary brachial plexus block prolongs postoperative analgesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2002, 27:162-7. 10.1053\/rapm.2002.30671","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2016.04.021","article-title":"Addition of buprenorphine to local anesthetic in adductor canal blocks after total knee arthroplasty improves postoperative pain relief: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Krishnan SH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Krishnan SH, Gilbert LA, Ghoddoussi F, Applefield DJ, Kassab SS, Ellis TA 2nd. Addition of buprenorphine to local anesthetic in adductor canal blocks after total knee arthroplasty improves postoperative pain relief: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Anesth. 2016, 33:432-7. 10.1016\/j.jclinane.2016.04.021","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000944","article-title":"The use of magnesium sulfate and peripheral nerve blocks: an updated meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Zeng J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zeng J, Chen Q, Yu C, Zhou J, Yang B. The use of magnesium sulfate and peripheral nerve blocks: an updated meta-analysis and systematic review. Clin J Pain. 2021, 37:629-37. 10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000944","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2018.31.2.93","article-title":"Pain alleviation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery; presternal local anesthetic and magnesium infiltration versus conventional intravenous analgesia: a randomized double-blind study","volume":"31","author":"Kamel EZ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kamel EZ, Abd-Elshafy SK, Sayed JA, Mostafa MM, Seddik MI. Pain alleviation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery; presternal local anesthetic and magnesium infiltration versus conventional intravenous analgesia: a randomized double-blind study. Korean J Pain. 2018, 31:93-101. 10.3344\/kjp.2018.31.2.93","journal-title":"Korean J Pain"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12592","article-title":"Multimodal perineural analgesia with combined bupivacaine-clonidine-buprenorphine-dexamethasone: safe in vivo and chemically compatible in solution","volume":"16","author":"Williams BA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Williams BA, Butt MT, Zeller JR, Coffee S, Pippi MA. Multimodal perineural analgesia with combined bupivacaine-clonidine-buprenorphine-dexamethasone: safe in vivo and chemically compatible in solution. Pain Med. 2015, 16:186-98. 10.1111\/pme.12592","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2017.11.007","article-title":"Implementation of an early extubation protocol in cardiac surgical patients decreased ventilator time but not intensive care unit or hospital length of stay","volume":"32","author":"Richey M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Richey M, Mann A, He J, Daon E, Wirtz K, Dalton A, Flynn BC. Implementation of an early extubation protocol in cardiac surgical patients decreased ventilator time but not intensive care unit or hospital length of stay. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2018, 32:739-44. 10.1053\/j.jvca.2017.11.007","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/118102-superficial-parasternal-intercostal-plane-blocks-spib-with-buprenorphine-magnesium-and-bupivacaine-for-management-of-pain-in-coronary-artery-bypass-grafting","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:47:47Z","timestamp":1707508067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/118102-superficial-parasternal-intercostal-plane-blocks-spib-with-buprenorphine-magnesium-and-bupivacaine-for-management-of-pain-in-coronary-artery-bypass-grafting"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"references-count":33,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.30964","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]}}}