{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T14:30:35Z","timestamp":1779201035217,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.31305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T04:23:45Z","timestamp":1668054225000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Association Between Serum Homocysteine Levels and Placenta-Mediated Complications: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Sharmeen I","family":"Memon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neema S","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8120797","article-title":"A prospective study on serum methylmalonic acid and homocysteine in pregnant women","volume":"8","author":"Choi R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Choi R, Choi S, Lim Y, et al.. A prospective study on serum methylmalonic acid and homocysteine in pregnant women. Nutrients. 2016, 8:797. 10.3390\/nu8120797","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.11.006","article-title":"Low-molecular-weight heparin for prevention of preeclampsia and other placenta-mediated complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"226","author":"Cruz-Lemini M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cruz-Lemini M, V\u00e1zquez JC, Ullmo J, Llurba E. Low-molecular-weight heparin for prevention of preeclampsia and other placenta-mediated complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022, 226:S1126-44.e17. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.11.006","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6652231","article-title":"A novel review of homocysteine and pregnancy complications","volume":"2021","author":"Dai C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dai C, Fei Y, Li J, Shi Y, Yang X. A novel review of homocysteine and pregnancy complications. Biomed Res Int. 2021, 2021:6652231. 10.1155\/2021\/6652231","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2018.07.021","article-title":"Effect of homocysteine on pregnancy: a systematic review","volume":"293","author":"Gaiday AN","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gaiday AN, Tussupkaliyev AB, Bermagambetova SK, Zhumagulova SS, Sarsembayeva LK, Dossimbetova MB, Daribay ZZ. Effect of homocysteine on pregnancy: a systematic review. Chem Biol Interact. 2018, 293:70-6. 10.1016\/j.cbi.2018.07.021","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0b013e328344f80f","article-title":"Association of MTHFR A1298C polymorphism (but not of MTHFR C677T) with elevated homocysteine levels and placental vasculopathies","volume":"22","author":"Klai S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Klai S, Fekih-Mrissa N, El Housaini S, Kaabechi N, Nsiri B, Rachdi R, Gritli N. Association of MTHFR A1298C polymorphism (but not of MTHFR C677T) with elevated homocysteine levels and placental vasculopathies. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2011, 22:374-8. 10.1097\/MBC.0b013e328344f80f","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103%2Faam.aam_41_19","article-title":"Association between maternal serum homocysteine concentrations in early pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Nwogu CM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nwogu CM, Okunade KS, Adenekan MA. Association between maternal serum homocysteine concentrations in early pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Ann Afr Med. 2020, 19:113-8. 10.4103%2Faam.aam_41_19","journal-title":"Ann Afr Med"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Study of maternal serum homocysteine levels as a predictor of placenta mediated complications","volume":"22","author":"Memon SI","year":"2020","unstructured":"Memon SI, Acharya NS. Study of maternal serum homocysteine levels as a predictor of placenta mediated complications. Eur J Mol Clin Med. 2020, 22:2140-9.","journal-title":"Eur J Mol Clin Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13259","article-title":"Placental development and function in women with a history of placenta-related complications: a systematic review","volume":"97","author":"Reijnders IF","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reijnders IF, Mulders AG, Koster MP. Placental development and function in women with a history of placenta-related complications: a systematic review. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2018, 97:248-57. 10.1111\/aogs.13259","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Evaluation of homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folic acid levels during all the trimesters in pregnant and preeclamptic womens","volume":"12","author":"Kharb S","unstructured":"Kharb S, Aggarwal D, Bala J. Evaluation of homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folic acid levels during all the trimesters in pregnant and preeclamptic womens. Curr Hypertens Rev. 12:234-8.","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rev"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0793-y","article-title":"Vitamin B12 and folate concentrations during pregnancy and insulin resistance in the offspring: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study","volume":"51","author":"Yajnik CS","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yajnik CS, Deshpande SS, Jackson AA, et al.. Vitamin B12 and folate concentrations during pregnancy and insulin resistance in the offspring: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study. Diabetologia. 2008, 51:29-38. 10.1007\/s00125-007-0793-y","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10641955.2021.1884257","article-title":"Prognostic role of increased serum homocysteine concentration in preeclampsia","volume":"40","author":"Gaiday A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gaiday A, Tussupkaliyev A, Bermagambetova S, Sakhanova S, Dinets A. Prognostic role of increased serum homocysteine concentration in preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2021, 40:118-23. 10.1080\/10641955.2021.1884257","journal-title":"Hypertens Pregnancy"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2003.222","article-title":"Interactions of homocysteine, nitric oxide, folate and radicals in the progressively damaged endothelium","volume":"41","author":"Stanger O","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stanger O, Weger M. Interactions of homocysteine, nitric oxide, folate and radicals in the progressively damaged endothelium. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2003, 41:1444-54. 10.1515\/CCLM.2003.222","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1184-8388","article-title":"Understanding and preventing placenta-mediated pregnancy complications","volume":"40","author":"Skeith L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Skeith L, Blondon M, N\u00ed \u00c1inle F. Understanding and preventing placenta-mediated pregnancy complications. Hamostaseologie. 2020, 40:356-63. 10.1055\/a-1184-8388","journal-title":"Hamostaseologie"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707258104","article-title":"DNA methylation, insulin resistance, and blood pressure in offspring determined by maternal periconceptional B vitamin and methionine status","volume":"104","author":"Sinclair KD","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sinclair KD, Allegrucci C, Singh R, et al.. DNA methylation, insulin resistance, and blood pressure in offspring determined by maternal periconceptional B vitamin and methionine status. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007, 104:19351-6. 10.1073\/pnas.0707258104","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2018.11.026","article-title":"Changes of serum homocysteine levels during pregnancy and the establishment of reference intervals in pregnant Chinese women","volume":"489","author":"Yang Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang Y, Jiang H, Tang A, Xiang Z. Changes of serum homocysteine levels during pregnancy and the establishment of reference intervals in pregnant Chinese women. Clin Chim Acta. 2019, 489:1-4. 10.1016\/j.cca.2018.11.026","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000292","article-title":"The association of factor V leiden and prothrombin gene mutation and placenta-mediated pregnancy complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"7","author":"Rodger MA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rodger MA, Betancourt MT, Clark P, et al.. The association of factor V leiden and prothrombin gene mutation and placenta-mediated pregnancy complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. PLoS Med. 2010, 7:e1000292. 10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000292","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1102880","article-title":"Increased homocysteine levels exist in women with preeclampsia from early pregnancy","volume":"29","author":"Wadhwani NS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wadhwani NS, Patil VV, Mehendale SS, Wagh GN, Gupte SA, Joshi SR. Increased homocysteine levels exist in women with preeclampsia from early pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016, 29:2719-25. 10.3109\/14767058.2015.1102880","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208137","article-title":"Association of pre-eclampsia risk with maternal levels of folate, homocysteine and vitamin B12 in Colombia: a case-control study","volume":"13","author":"Serrano NC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Serrano NC, Quintero-Lesmes DC, Becerra-Bayona S, et al.. Association of pre-eclampsia risk with maternal levels of folate, homocysteine and vitamin B12 in Colombia: a case-control study. PLoS One. 2018, 13:e0208137. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0208137","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.06.030","article-title":"Hypertension in pregnancy is associated with elevated homocysteine levels later in life","volume":"209","author":"White WM","year":"2013","unstructured":"White WM, Turner ST, Bailey KR, et al.. Hypertension in pregnancy is associated with elevated homocysteine levels later in life. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013, 209:454.e1-7. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.06.030","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.09.023","article-title":"Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion","volume":"99","author":"Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine","year":"2013","unstructured":"Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2013, 99:63. 10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.09.023","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064446","article-title":"Recurrent pregnancy loss in polycystic ovary syndrome: role of hyperhomocysteinemia and insulin resistance","volume":"8","author":"Chakraborty P","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chakraborty P, Goswami SK, Rajani S, Sharma S, Kabir SN, Chakravarty B, Jana K. Recurrent pregnancy loss in polycystic ovary syndrome: role of hyperhomocysteinemia and insulin resistance. PLoS One. 2013, 8:e64446. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0064446","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03630242.2021.1957747","article-title":"Meta-analysis: association of homocysteine with recurrent spontaneous abortion","volume":"61","author":"Li J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li J, Feng D, He S, Wu Q, Su Z, Ye H. Meta-analysis: association of homocysteine with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Women Health. 2021, 61:713-20. 10.1080\/03630242.2021.1957747","journal-title":"Women Health"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew169","article-title":"Recurrent pregnancy loss: what is the impact of consecutive versus non-consecutive losses?","volume":"31","author":"Egerup P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Egerup P, Kolte AM, Larsen EC, Krog M, Nielsen HS, Christiansen OB. Recurrent pregnancy loss: what is the impact of consecutive versus non-consecutive losses?. Hum Reprod. 2016, 31:2428-34. 10.1093\/humrep\/dew169","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-10-S1-S2","article-title":"Born too soon: the global epidemiology of 15 million preterm births","volume":"10 Suppl 1","author":"Blencowe H","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blencowe H, Cousens S, Chou D, et al.. Born too soon: the global epidemiology of 15 million preterm births. Reprod Health. 2013, 10 Suppl 1:S2. 10.1186\/1742-4755-10-S1-S2","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000338473","article-title":"Reduced folate, increased vitamin B(12) and homocysteine concentrations in women delivering preterm","volume":"61","author":"Dhobale M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dhobale M, Chavan P, Kulkarni A, Mehendale S, Pisal H, Joshi S. Reduced folate, increased vitamin B(12) and homocysteine concentrations in women delivering preterm. Ann Nutr Metab. 2012, 61:7-14. 10.1159\/000338473","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.09.104","article-title":"The association between ambient temperature and the risk of preterm birth in China","volume":"613-614","author":"Guo T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guo T, Wang Y, Zhang H, et al.. The association between ambient temperature and the risk of preterm birth in China. Sci Total Environ. 2018, 613-614:439-46. 10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.09.104","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-017-4322-z","article-title":"Genetic polymorphism of MTHFR C677T with preterm birth and low birth weight susceptibility: a meta-analysis","volume":"295","author":"Wu H","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu H, Zhu P, Geng X, et al.. Genetic polymorphism of MTHFR C677T with preterm birth and low birth weight susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2017, 295:1105-18. 10.1007\/s00404-017-4322-z","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-017-0781-7","article-title":"Vascular dysfunction in mother and offspring during preeclampsia: contributions from Latin-American countries","volume":"19","author":"Giachini FR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giachini FR, Galaviz-Hernandez C, Damiano AE, et al.. Vascular dysfunction in mother and offspring during preeclampsia: contributions from Latin-American countries. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2017, 19:83. 10.1007\/s11906-017-0781-7","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-009-1234-6","article-title":"Association of homocysteine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and nitric oxide with preeclampsia","volume":"282","author":"Mao D","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mao D, Che J, Li K, et al.. Association of homocysteine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and nitric oxide with preeclampsia. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2010, 282:371-5. 10.1007\/s00404-009-1234-6","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659%2FMSM.905055","article-title":"Correlation of maternal serum homocysteine in the first trimester with the development of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia","volume":"13","author":"Sun F","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sun F, Qian W, Zhang C. Correlation of maternal serum homocysteine in the first trimester with the development of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Med Sci Monit Int Med J Exp Clin Res. 2017, 13:5396-401. 10.12659%2FMSM.905055","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit Int Med J Exp Clin Res"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1567705","article-title":"The relationship between maternal plasma homocysteine in early pregnancy and birth weight","volume":"33","author":"Cawley S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cawley S, O'Malley EG, Kennedy RA, Reynolds CM, Molloy AM, Turner MJ. The relationship between maternal plasma homocysteine in early pregnancy and birth weight. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020, 33:3045-9. 10.1080\/14767058.2019.1567705","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.016212","article-title":"Maternal homocysteine and small-for-gestational-age offspring: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Hogeveen M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hogeveen M, Blom HJ, den Heijer M. Maternal homocysteine and small-for-gestational-age offspring: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012, 95:130-6. 10.3945\/ajcn.111.016212","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2015.01.005","article-title":"A uniform management approach to optimize outcome in fetal growth restriction","volume":"42","author":"Seravalli V","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seravalli V, Baschat AA. A uniform management approach to optimize outcome in fetal growth restriction. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2015, 42:275-88. 10.1016\/j.ogc.2015.01.005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174416000076","article-title":"Prenatal maternal mental health and fetal growth restriction: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Lewis AJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lewis AJ, Austin E, Galbally M. Prenatal maternal mental health and fetal growth restriction: a systematic review. J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2016, 7:416-28. 10.1017\/S2040174416000076","journal-title":"J Dev Orig Health Dis"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu132","article-title":"Maternal homocysteine in pregnancy and offspring birthweight: epidemiological associations and Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"43","author":"Yajnik CS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yajnik CS, Chandak GR, Joglekar C, et al.. Maternal homocysteine in pregnancy and offspring birthweight: epidemiological associations and Mendelian randomization analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 2014, 43:1487-97. 10.1093\/ije\/dyu132","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0378","article-title":"Endocrinology of pregnancy: gestational diabetes mellitus: definition, aetiological and clinical aspects","volume":"174","author":"Baz B","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baz B, Riveline JP, Gautier JF. Endocrinology of pregnancy: gestational diabetes mellitus: definition, aetiological and clinical aspects. Eur J Endocrinol. 2016, 174:R43-51. 10.1530\/EJE-15-0378","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.06.002","article-title":"Association between insulin resistance and total plasma homocysteine levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in south west Nigeria","volume":"11","author":"Ala OA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ala OA, Akintunde AA, Ikem RT, Kolawole BA, Ala OO, Adedeji TA. Association between insulin resistance and total plasma homocysteine levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in south west Nigeria. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2017, 11:S803-9. 10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.06.002","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(03)00032-5","article-title":"Serum homocysteine levels are increased in women with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"52","author":"Seghieri G","year":"2003","unstructured":"Seghieri G, Breschi MC, Anichini R, et al.. Serum homocysteine levels are increased in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 2003, 52:720-3. 10.1016\/S0026-0495(03)00032-5","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/j.0001-6349.2004.00540.x","article-title":"Elevated plasma homocysteine levels in gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"83","author":"Tarim E","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tarim E, Bagis T, Kilicdag E, et al.. Elevated plasma homocysteine levels in gestational diabetes mellitus. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2004, 83:543-7. 10.1080\/j.0001-6349.2004.00540.x","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2219-5","article-title":"The role of maternal homocysteine concentration in placenta-mediated complications: findings from the Ottawa and Kingston birth cohort","volume":"19","author":"Chaudhry SH","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chaudhry SH, Taljaard M, MacFarlane AJ, et al.. The role of maternal homocysteine concentration in placenta-mediated complications: findings from the Ottawa and Kingston birth cohort. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019, 19:75. 10.1186\/s12884-019-2219-5","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659%2FMSM.883932","article-title":"A comparison of maternal serum levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and homocysteine in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies","volume":"5","author":"Laskowska M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Laskowska M, Laskowska K, Terbosh M. A comparison of maternal serum levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and homocysteine in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. Med Sci Monit Int Med J Exp Clin Res. 2013, 5:430-7. 10.12659%2FMSM.883932","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit Int Med J Exp Clin Res"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(99)00610-9","article-title":"Homocysteine and folate levels as risk factors for recurrent early pregnancy loss","volume":"95","author":"Nelen WL","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nelen WL, Blom HJ, Steegers EA. Homocysteine and folate levels as risk factors for recurrent early pregnancy loss. Obstet Gynecol. 2000, 95:519-24. 10.1016\/S0029-7844(99)00610-9","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2001.450201.x","article-title":"Hypercoagulable thrombophilic defects and hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss","volume":"45","author":"Raziel A","year":"2001","unstructured":"Raziel A, Kornberg Y, Friedler S, Schachter M, Sela BA, Ron-El R. Hypercoagulable thrombophilic defects and hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2001, 45:65-71. 10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2001.450201.x","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.01.045","article-title":"Maternal homocysteine and related B vitamins as risk factors for low birthweight","volume":"202","author":"Hogeveen M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hogeveen M, Blom HJ, van der Heijden EH, Semmekrot BA, Sporken JM, Ueland PM, den Heijer M. Maternal homocysteine and related B vitamins as risk factors for low birthweight. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010, 202:572.e1-6. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.01.045","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-006-0191-6","article-title":"Elevated second trimester serum homocysteine levels in women with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"274","author":"Guven MA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Guven MA, Kilinc M, Batukan C, Ekerbicer HC, Aksu T. Elevated second trimester serum homocysteine levels in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2006, 274:333-7. 10.1007\/s00404-006-0191-6","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2010.10.017","article-title":"Physiologic changes in homocysteine metabolism in pregnancy: a longitudinal study in Spain","volume":"27","author":"Ubeda N","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ubeda N, Reyes L, Gonz\u00e1lez-Medina A, Alonso-Aperte E, Varela-Moreiras G. Physiologic changes in homocysteine metabolism in pregnancy: a longitudinal study in Spain. Nutrition. 2011, 27:925-30. 10.1016\/j.nut.2010.10.017","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2016.1236248","article-title":"Elevated homocysteine levels in mothers with neural tube defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Yang M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang M, Li W, Wan Z, Du Y. Elevated homocysteine levels in mothers with neural tube defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017, 30:2051-7. 10.1080\/14767058.2016.1236248","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.11.014","article-title":"Maternal and fetal folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine concentrations and childhood kidney outcomes","volume":"69","author":"Miliku K","year":"2017","unstructured":"Miliku K, Mesu A, Franco OH, Hofman A, Steegers EA, Jaddoe VW. Maternal and fetal folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine concentrations and childhood kidney outcomes. Am J Kidney Dis. 2017, 69:521-30. 10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.11.014","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Association between serum homocysteine levels in preeclampsia and its severity among women in Lagos, South-West Nigeria","volume":"37","author":"Oluwole AA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oluwole AA, Nwogu CM, Sekumade A, Ajepe A, Okunade KS. Association between serum homocysteine levels in preeclampsia and its severity among women in Lagos, South-West Nigeria. West Afr J Med. 2020, 37:246-52.","journal-title":"West Afr J Med"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980019004002","article-title":"The determinants of maternal homocysteine in pregnancy: findings from the Ottawa and Kingston Birth Cohort","volume":"23","author":"Chaudhry SH","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chaudhry SH, Taljaard M, MacFarlane AJ, et al.. The determinants of maternal homocysteine in pregnancy: findings from the Ottawa and Kingston Birth Cohort. Public Health Nutr. 2020, 23:3170-80. 10.1017\/S1368980019004002","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/118782-the-association-between-serum-homocysteine-levels-and-placenta-mediated-complications-a-narrative-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:40:54Z","timestamp":1707507654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/118782-the-association-between-serum-homocysteine-levels-and-placenta-mediated-complications-a-narrative-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"references-count":50,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.31305","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]}}}