{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T10:57:19Z","timestamp":1781866639242,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.31555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T03:23:31Z","timestamp":1668569011000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Utility of Cannabis-Based Medicine in Chronic Pain Management: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Gretchen E","family":"Maurer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas S","family":"Imperato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron M","family":"Juybari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hope","family":"Kincaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Koons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6736a2","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain among adults - United States, 2016","volume":"67","author":"Dahlhamer J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dahlhamer J, Lucas J, Zelaya C, et al.. Prevalence of chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain among adults - United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018, 67:1001-6. 10.15585\/mmwr.mm6736a2","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.16009","article-title":"Chronic pain prevalence","volume":"320","author":"Kuehn B","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kuehn B. Chronic pain prevalence. JAMA. 2018, 320:1632. 10.1001\/jama.2018.16009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S303186","article-title":"Chronic pain: what does it mean? A review on the use of the term chronic pain in clinical practice","volume":"14","author":"Raffaeli W","year":"2021","unstructured":"Raffaeli W, Tenti M, Corraro A, Malafoglia V, Ilari S, Balzani E, Bonci A. Chronic pain: what does it mean? A review on the use of the term chronic pain in clinical practice. J Pain Res. 2021, 14:827-35. 10.2147\/JPR.S303186","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304881","article-title":"Pain management and opioid regulation: continuing public health challenges","volume":"109","author":"Bonnie RJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bonnie RJ, Schumacher MA, Clark JD, Kesselheim AS. Pain management and opioid regulation: continuing public health challenges. Am J Public Health. 2019, 109:31-4. 10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304881","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"The opioid epidemic: it\u2019s time to place blame where it belongs","volume":"114","author":"Hirsch R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hirsch R. The opioid epidemic: it\u2019s time to place blame where it belongs. Mo Med. 2017, 114:82-90.","journal-title":"Mo Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.633168","article-title":"Practical strategies using medical cannabis to reduce harms associated with long term opioid use in chronic pain","volume":"12","author":"MacCallum CA","year":"2021","unstructured":"MacCallum CA, Eadie L, Barr AM, Boivin M, Lu S. Practical strategies using medical cannabis to reduce harms associated with long term opioid use in chronic pain. Front Pharmacol. 2021, 12:633168. 10.3389\/fphar.2021.633168","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2016.00294","article-title":"Cannabinoid receptors in the central nervous system: their signaling and roles in disease","volume":"10","author":"Kendall DA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kendall DA, Yudowski GA. Cannabinoid receptors in the central nervous system: their signaling and roles in disease. Front Cell Neurosci. 2016, 10:294. 10.3389\/fncel.2016.00294","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612043453144","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase enzymes: regulation and function","volume":"10","author":"Fitzpatrick FA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick FA. Cyclooxygenase enzymes: regulation and function. Curr Pharm Des. 2004, 10:577-88. 10.2174\/1381612043453144","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.07.014","article-title":"Nuclear factor-kappa B regulates pain and COMT expression in a rodent model of inflammation","volume":"50","author":"Hartung JE","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hartung JE, Eskew O, Wong T, Tchivileva IE, Oladosu FA, O'Buckley SC, Nackley AG. Nuclear factor-kappa B regulates pain and COMT expression in a rodent model of inflammation. Brain Behav Immun. 2015, 50:196-202. 10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.07.014","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01369-x","article-title":"The expanding role of the COX inhibitor\/opioid receptor agonist combination in the management of pain","volume":"80","author":"Varrassi G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Varrassi G, Yeam CT, Rekatsina M, Pergolizzi JV, Zis P, Paladini A. The expanding role of the COX inhibitor\/opioid receptor agonist combination in the management of pain. Drugs. 2020, 80:1443-53. 10.1007\/s40265-020-01369-x","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01259","article-title":"Cannabinoids and pain: new insights from old molecules","volume":"9","author":"Vu\u010dkovi\u0107 S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vu\u010dkovi\u0107 S, Srebro D, Vujovi\u0107 KS, Vu\u010deti\u0107 \u010c, Prostran M. Cannabinoids and pain: new insights from old molecules. Front Pharmacol. 2018, 9:1259. 10.3389\/fphar.2018.01259","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000509733","article-title":"Terpenes\/terpenoids in cannabis: are they important?","volume":"3","author":"Hanu\u0161 LO","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hanu\u0161 LO, Hod Y. Terpenes\/terpenoids in cannabis: are they important?. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids. 2020, 3:25-60. 10.1159\/000509733","journal-title":"Med Cannabis Cannabinoids"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26092774","article-title":"Cannabinoids, phenolics, terpenes and alkaloids of cannabis","volume":"26","author":"Radwan MM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Radwan MM, Chandra S, Gul S, ElSohly MA. Cannabinoids, phenolics, terpenes and alkaloids of cannabis. Molecules. 2021, 26:2774. 10.3390\/molecules26092774","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-018-0025-5","article-title":"Cannabinoids for the treatment of rheumatic diseases - where do we stand?","volume":"14","author":"Katz-Talmor D","year":"2018","unstructured":"Katz-Talmor D, Katz I, Porat-Katz BS, Shoenfeld Y. Cannabinoids for the treatment of rheumatic diseases - where do we stand?. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018, 14:488-98. 10.1038\/s41584-018-0025-5","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S183170","article-title":"Osteopathic manipulation in the management of chronic pain: current perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Licciardone JC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Licciardone JC, Schultz MJ, Amen B. Osteopathic manipulation in the management of chronic pain: current perspectives. J Pain Res. 2020, 13:1839-47. 10.2147\/JPR.S183170","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2018.03.012","article-title":"Cannabis and joints: scientific evidence for the alleviation of osteoarthritis pain by cannabinoids","volume":"40","author":"O'Brien M","year":"2018","unstructured":"O'Brien M, McDougall JJ. Cannabis and joints: scientific evidence for the alleviation of osteoarthritis pain by cannabinoids. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2018, 40:104-9. 10.1016\/j.coph.2018.03.012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1957","article-title":"Long-term observational studies with cannabis-based medicines for chronic non-cancer pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness and safety","volume":"26","author":"Bialas P","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bialas P, Fitzcharles MA, Klose P, H\u00e4user W. Long-term observational studies with cannabis-based medicines for chronic non-cancer pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness and safety. Eur J Pain. 2022, 26:1221-33. 10.1002\/ejp.1957","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-054282","article-title":"Long-term and serious harms of medical cannabis and cannabinoids for chronic pain: a systematic review of non-randomised studies","volume":"12","author":"Zeraatkar D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zeraatkar D, Cooper MA, Agarwal A, et al.. Long-term and serious harms of medical cannabis and cannabinoids for chronic pain: a systematic review of non-randomised studies. BMJ Open. 2022, 12:e054282. 10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-054282","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"U.S. overdose deaths in 2021 increased half as much as in 2020 - but are still up 15%. (2022). Accessed. June 17, 2022: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/pressroom\/nchs_press_releases\/2022\/202205.htm."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-022-00610-0","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on opioid overdose deaths: a spatiotemporal analysis","volume":"99","author":"Ghose R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ghose R, Forati AM, Mantsch JR. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on opioid overdose deaths: a spatiotemporal analysis. J Urban Health. 2022, 99:316-27. 10.1007\/s11524-022-00610-0","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2017.1416408","article-title":"Cannabis use is associated with lower odds of prescription opioid analgesic use among HIV-infected individuals with chronic pain","volume":"53","author":"Sohler NL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sohler NL, Starrels JL, Khalid L, et al.. Cannabis use is associated with lower odds of prescription opioid analgesic use among HIV-infected individuals with chronic pain. Subst Use Misuse. 2018, 53:1602-7. 10.1080\/10826084.2017.1416408","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/113524-the-utility-of-cannabis-based-medicine-in-chronic-pain-management-a-case-report","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:48:46Z","timestamp":1707508126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/113524-the-utility-of-cannabis-based-medicine-in-chronic-pain-management-a-case-report"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"references-count":21,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.31555","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]}}}