{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:28:32Z","timestamp":1785770912676,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.31611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T17:26:56Z","timestamp":1668706016000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Placental Insufficiency on Nutritional Outcomes of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Shreyas","family":"Arya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amara","family":"Uzoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimee","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvaro  G","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil K","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0029-7844(01)01780-x","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"99","author":"Resnik R","year":"2002","unstructured":"Resnik R. Intrauterine growth restriction. Obstet Gynecol. 2002, 99:490-6. 10.1016\/s0029-7844(01)01780-x","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2016.1152249","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction - part 1","volume":"29","author":"Sharma D","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sharma D, Shastri S, Farahbakhsh N, Sharma P. Intrauterine growth restriction - part 1. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016, 29:3977-87. 10.3109\/14767058.2016.1152249","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200606000-00009","article-title":"Adult consequences of fetal growth restriction","volume":"49","author":"Barker DJ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barker DJ. Adult consequences of fetal growth restriction. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2006, 49:270-83. 10.1097\/00003081-200606000-00009","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.150.2.6691115","article-title":"Sonographic estimation of fetal weight. The value of femur length in addition to head and abdomen measurements","volume":"150","author":"Hadlock FP","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hadlock FP, Harrist RB, Carpenter RJ, Deter RL, Park SK. Sonographic estimation of fetal weight. The value of femur length in addition to head and abdomen measurements. Radiology. 1984, 150:535-40. 10.1148\/radiology.150.2.6691115","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.11.014","article-title":"Perinatal complications and long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of infants with intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"208","author":"von Beckerath AK","year":"2013","unstructured":"von Beckerath AK, Kollmann M, Rotky-Fast C, Karpf E, Lang U, Klaritsch P. Perinatal complications and long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of infants with intrauterine growth restriction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013, 208:130.e1-6. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.11.014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)91325-4","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction in infants of less than thirty-two weeks\u2019 gestation: associated placental pathologic features","volume":"173","author":"Salafia CM","year":"1995","unstructured":"Salafia CM, Minior VK, Pezzullo JC, Popek EJ, Rosenkrantz TS, Vintzileos AM. Intrauterine growth restriction in infants of less than thirty-two weeks\u2019 gestation: associated placental pathologic features. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995, 173:1049-57. 10.1016\/0002-9378(95)91325-4","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003070","article-title":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 204: Fetal Growth Restriction","volume":"133","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists","year":"2019","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 204: Fetal Growth Restriction. Obstet Gynecol. 2019, 133:e97-e109. 10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003070","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.297.6655.1026","article-title":"Absence of end diastolic frequencies in umbilical artery: a sign of fetal hypoxia and acidosis","volume":"297","author":"Nicolaides KH","year":"1988","unstructured":"Nicolaides KH, Bilardo CM, Soothill PW, Campbell S. Absence of end diastolic frequencies in umbilical artery: a sign of fetal hypoxia and acidosis. BMJ. 1988, 297:1026-7. 10.1136\/bmj.297.6655.1026","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92818-z","article-title":"Comparison of umbilical-artery velocimetry and cardiotocography for surveillance of small-for-gestational-age fetuses","volume":"340","author":"Almstr\u00f6m H","year":"1992","unstructured":"Almstr\u00f6m H, Axelsson O, Cnattingius S, et al.. Comparison of umbilical-artery velocimetry and cardiotocography for surveillance of small-for-gestational-age fetuses. Lancet Lond Engl. 1992, 340:936-40. 10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92818-z","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9378(94)70240-3","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial on the clinical value of umbilical Doppler velocimetry in antenatal care","volume":"170","author":"Omtzigt AM","year":"1994","unstructured":"Omtzigt AM, Reuwer PJ, Bruinse HW. A randomized controlled trial on the clinical value of umbilical Doppler velocimetry in antenatal care. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994, 170:625-34. 10.1016\/s0002-9378(94)70240-3","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13075.x","article-title":"The role of Doppler velocimetry in the management of high risk pregnancies","volume":"101","author":"Pattinson RC","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pattinson RC, Norman K, Odendaal HJ. The role of Doppler velocimetry in the management of high risk pregnancies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1994, 101:114-20. 10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13075.x","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001450.pub3","article-title":"Fetal and umbilical Doppler ultrasound in normal pregnancy","author":"Alfirevic Z","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alfirevic Z, Stampalija T, Gyte GM. Fetal and umbilical Doppler ultrasound in normal pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010, CD001450. 10.1002\/14651858.CD001450.pub3","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(94)90457-x","article-title":"Clinical significance of absent or reversed end diastolic velocity waveforms in umbilical artery","volume":"344","author":"Karsdorp VH","year":"1994","unstructured":"Karsdorp VH, van Vugt JM, van Geijn HP, Kostense PJ, Arduini D, Montenegro N, Todros T. Clinical significance of absent or reversed end diastolic velocity waveforms in umbilical artery. Lancet Lond Engl. 1994, 344:1664-8. 10.1016\/s0140-6736(94)90457-x","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9378(94)70285-3","article-title":"Absent end-diastolic velocity in umbilical artery: risk of neonatal morbidity and brain damage","volume":"170","author":"Valcamonico A","year":"1994","unstructured":"Valcamonico A, Danti L, Frusca T, Soregaroli M, Zucca S, Abrami F, Tiberti A. Absent end-diastolic velocity in umbilical artery: risk of neonatal morbidity and brain damage. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994, 170:796-801. 10.1016\/s0002-9378(94)70285-3","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.07.032","article-title":"Antenatal predictors of neonatal outcome in fetal growth restriction with absent end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery","volume":"193","author":"Vergani P","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vergani P, Roncaglia N, Locatelli A, Andreotti C, Crippa I, Pezzullo JC, Ghidini A. Antenatal predictors of neonatal outcome in fetal growth restriction with absent end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005, 193:1213-8. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.07.032","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1997.09040271.x","article-title":"Pathology and clinical implications of abnormal umbilical artery Doppler waveforms","volume":"9","author":"Kingdom JC","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kingdom JC, Burrell SJ, Kaufmann P. Pathology and clinical implications of abnormal umbilical artery Doppler waveforms. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1997, 9:271-86. 10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1997.09040271.x","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/11622","article-title":"Preterm Birth: Causes, Consequences, and Prevention","author":"Behrman RE","year":"2007","unstructured":"Behrman RE, Butler AS. Preterm Birth: Causes, Consequences, and Prevention. National Academies Press, New York, NY; 2007. 10.17226\/11622"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000358058","article-title":"Fetal growth restriction at the limits of viability","volume":"36","author":"Visser GH","year":"2014","unstructured":"Visser GH, Bilardo CM, Lees C. Fetal growth restriction at the limits of viability. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2014, 36:162-5. 10.1159\/000358058","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2959","article-title":"Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network","volume":"126","author":"Stoll BJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Bell EF, et al.. Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics. 2010, 126:443-56. 10.1542\/peds.2009-2959","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000358468","article-title":"Practice of enteral nutrition in very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight infants","volume":"110","author":"Senterre T","year":"2014","unstructured":"Senterre T. Practice of enteral nutrition in very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight infants. World Rev Nutr Diet. 2014, 110:201-14. 10.1159\/000358468","journal-title":"World Rev Nutr Diet"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.66.7_spec_no.805","article-title":"Absent or reversed end diastolic flow velocity in the umbilical artery and necrotising enterocolitis","volume":"66","author":"Malcolm G","year":"1991","unstructured":"Malcolm G, Ellwood D, Devonald K, Beilby R, Henderson-Smart D. Absent or reversed end diastolic flow velocity in the umbilical artery and necrotising enterocolitis. Arch Dis Child. 1991, 66:805-7. 10.1136\/adc.66.7_spec_no.805","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39129.637917.AE","article-title":"Fetal growth in early pregnancy and risk of delivering low birth weight infant: prospective cohort study","volume":"334","author":"Bukowski R","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bukowski R, Smith GC, Malone FD, et al.. Fetal growth in early pregnancy and risk of delivering low birth weight infant: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2007, 334:836. 10.1136\/bmj.39129.637917.AE","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.107325","article-title":"The amniotic fluid index, single deepest pocket, and two-diameter pocket in normal human pregnancy","volume":"182","author":"Magann EF","year":"2000","unstructured":"Magann EF, Sanderson M, Martin JN, Chauhan S. The amniotic fluid index, single deepest pocket, and two-diameter pocket in normal human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000, 182:1581-8. 10.1067\/mob.2000.107325","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2009.55","article-title":"Calculating postnatal growth velocity in very low birth weight (VLBW) premature infants","volume":"29","author":"Patel AL","year":"2009","unstructured":"Patel AL, Engstrom JL, Meier PP, Jegier BJ, Kimura RE. Calculating postnatal growth velocity in very low birth weight (VLBW) premature infants. J Perinatol. 2009, 29:618-22. 10.1038\/jp.2009.55","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.120485","article-title":"Neurocognitive outcome following fetal growth restriction","volume":"93","author":"Walker DM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Walker DM, Marlow N. Neurocognitive outcome following fetal growth restriction. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2008, 93:F322-5. 10.1136\/adc.2007.120485","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction: identification and management","volume":"58","author":"Peleg D","year":"1998","unstructured":"Peleg D, Kennedy CM, Hunter SK. Intrauterine growth restriction: identification and management. Am Fam Physician. 1998, 58:453-60.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.116822","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction modifies the developmental pattern of intestinal structure, transcriptomic profile, and bacterial colonization in neonatal pigs","volume":"140","author":"D'Inca R","year":"2010","unstructured":"D'Inca R, Kloareg M, Gras-Le Guen C, Le Hu\u00ebrou-Luron I. Intrauterine growth restriction modifies the developmental pattern of intestinal structure, transcriptomic profile, and bacterial colonization in neonatal pigs. J Nutr. 2010, 140:925-31. 10.3945\/jn.109.116822","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.294.6563.13","article-title":"Doppler studies in the growth retarded fetus and prediction of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis, haemorrhage, and neonatal morbidity","volume":"294","author":"Hackett GA","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hackett GA, Campbell S, Gamsu H, Cohen-Overbeek T, Pearce JM. Doppler studies in the growth retarded fetus and prediction of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis, haemorrhage, and neonatal morbidity. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1987, 294:13-6. 10.1136\/bmj.294.6563.13","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/108743-impact-of-intrauterine-growth-restriction-and-placental-insufficiency-on-nutritional-outcomes-of-extremely-low-birth-weight-infants","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:48:52Z","timestamp":1707508132000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/108743-impact-of-intrauterine-growth-restriction-and-placental-insufficiency-on-nutritional-outcomes-of-extremely-low-birth-weight-infants"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]},"references-count":28,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.31611","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]}}}