{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T07:22:24Z","timestamp":1785223344814,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.31796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T21:09:42Z","timestamp":1669151382000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Psilocybin as a Treatment for Psychiatric Illness: A Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Irizarry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelia","family":"Winczura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Dimassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navpreet","family":"Dhillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annu","family":"Minhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanpaul","family":"Larice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"National Alliance of Mental Illness. (2022). Accessed. March 01, 2022: https:\/\/www.nami.org\/mhstats."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01200-3","article-title":"Treatment resistance in psychiatry: state of the art and new directions","volume":"27","author":"Howes OD","year":"2022","unstructured":"Howes OD, Thase ME, Pillinger T. Treatment resistance in psychiatry: state of the art and new directions. Mol Psychiatry. 2022, 27:58-72. 10.1038\/s41380-021-01200-3","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"National Institute on Drug Abuse. Hallucinogens drug facts. (2019). Accessed. March 01, 2022: https:\/\/nida.nih.gov\/publications\/drugfacts\/hallucinogens."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116675513","article-title":"Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized double-blind trial","volume":"30","author":"Griffiths RR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Griffiths RR, Johnson MW, Carducci MA, et al.. Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized double-blind trial. J Psychopharmacol. 2016, 30:1181-97. 10.1177\/0269881116675513","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"National Drug Intelligence Center. A Component of the U.S. Department of Justice. (2006). Accessed. March 01, 2022: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/archive\/ndic\/pubs6\/6038\/6038p.pdf."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2017.1336251","article-title":"LSD treatment in Scandinavia: emphasizing indications and short-term treatment outcomes of 151 patients in Denmark","volume":"71","author":"Larsen JK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Larsen JK. LSD treatment in Scandinavia: emphasizing indications and short-term treatment outcomes of 151 patients in Denmark. Nord J Psychiatry. 2017, 71:489-95. 10.1080\/08039488.2017.1336251","journal-title":"Nord J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1355621021000005937","article-title":"The pharmacology of psilocybin","volume":"7","author":"Passie T","year":"2002","unstructured":"Passie T, Seifert J, Schneider U, Emrich HM. The pharmacology of psilocybin. Addict Biol. 2002, 7:357-64. 10.1080\/1355621021000005937","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03602532.2016.1278228","article-title":"Metabolism of psilocybin and psilocin: clinical and forensic toxicological relevance","volume":"49","author":"Dinis-Oliveira RJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dinis-Oliveira RJ. Metabolism of psilocybin and psilocin: clinical and forensic toxicological relevance. Drug Metab Rev. 2017, 49:84-91. 10.1080\/03602532.2016.1278228","journal-title":"Drug Metab Rev"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1659-20.2020","article-title":"Hallucinogens in mental health: preclinical and clinical studies on LSD, psilocybin, MDMA, and ketamine","volume":"41","author":"De Gregorio D","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Gregorio D, Aguilar-Valles A, Preller KH, Heifets BD, Hibicke M, Mitchell J, Gobbi G. Hallucinogens in mental health: preclinical and clinical studies on LSD, psilocybin, MDMA, and ketamine. J Neurosci. 2021, 41:891-900. 10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1659-20.2020","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.05.022","article-title":"Psychedelics promote structural and functional neural plasticity","volume":"23","author":"Ly C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ly C, Greb AC, Cameron LP, et al.. Psychedelics promote structural and functional neural plasticity. Cell Rep. 2018, 23:3170-82. 10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.05.022","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2019.1580804","article-title":"Sub-acute effects of psilocybin on empathy, creative thinking, and subjective well-being","volume":"51","author":"Mason NL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mason NL, Mischler E, Uthaug MV, Kuypers KP. Sub-acute effects of psilocybin on empathy, creative thinking, and subjective well-being. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2019, 51:123-34. 10.1080\/02791072.2019.1580804","journal-title":"J Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-017-4754-y","article-title":"Psilocybin with psychological support improves emotional face recognition in treatment-resistant depression","volume":"235","author":"Stroud JB","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stroud JB, Freeman TP, Leech R, et al.. Psilocybin with psychological support improves emotional face recognition in treatment-resistant depression. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2018, 235:459-66. 10.1007\/s00213-017-4754-y","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-09-03628.1992","article-title":"A functional anatomical study of unipolar depression","volume":"12","author":"Drevets WC","year":"1992","unstructured":"Drevets WC, Videen TO, Price JL, Preskorn SH, Carmichael ST, Raichle ME. A functional anatomical study of unipolar depression. J Neurosci. 1992, 12:3628-41. 10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-09-03628.1992","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712000591","article-title":"Short-term SSRI treatment normalises amygdala hyperactivity in depressed patients","volume":"42","author":"Godlewska BR","year":"2012","unstructured":"Godlewska BR, Norbury R, Selvaraj S, Cowen PJ, Harmer CJ. Short-term SSRI treatment normalises amygdala hyperactivity in depressed patients. Psychol Med. 2012, 42:2609-17. 10.1017\/S0033291712000591","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.24","article-title":"Neuropsychological mechanism underlying antidepressant effect: a systematic meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Ma Y","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ma Y. Neuropsychological mechanism underlying antidepressant effect: a systematic meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry. 2015, 20:311-9. 10.1038\/mp.2014.24","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.12.041","article-title":"Increased amygdala responses to emotional faces after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression","volume":"142","author":"Roseman L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roseman L, Demetriou L, Wall MB, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL. Increased amygdala responses to emotional faces after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. Neuropharmacology. 2018, 142:263-9. 10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.12.041","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13282-7","article-title":"Psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression: fMRI-measured brain mechanisms","volume":"7","author":"Carhart-Harris RL","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carhart-Harris RL, Roseman L, Bolstridge M, et al.. Psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression: fMRI-measured brain mechanisms. Sci Rep. 2017, 7:13187. 10.1038\/s41598-017-13282-7","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881108093587","article-title":"Human hallucinogen research: guidelines for safety","volume":"22","author":"Johnson M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Johnson M, Richards W, Griffiths R. Human hallucinogen research: guidelines for safety. J Psychopharmacol. 2008, 22:603-20. 10.1177\/0269881108093587","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2012.04.002","article-title":"Serotonergic hallucinogens and emerging targets for addiction pharmacotherapies","volume":"35","author":"Ross S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ross S. Serotonergic hallucinogens and emerging targets for addiction pharmacotherapies. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2012, 35:357-74. 10.1016\/j.psc.2012.04.002","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881112439253","article-title":"Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) for alcoholism: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"26","author":"Krebs TS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Krebs TS, Johansen P\u00d8. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) for alcoholism: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Psychopharmacol. 2012, 26:994-1002. 10.1177\/0269881112439253","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2015.03.002","article-title":"Classic hallucinogens in the treatment of addictions","volume":"64","author":"Bogenschutz MP","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bogenschutz MP, Johnson MW. Classic hallucinogens in the treatment of addictions. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2016, 64:250-8. 10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2015.03.002","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473708666150107121331","article-title":"Psilocybin-occasioned mystical experiences in the treatment of tobacco addiction","volume":"7","author":"Garcia-Romeu A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Garcia-Romeu A, Griffiths RR, Johnson MW. Psilocybin-occasioned mystical experiences in the treatment of tobacco addiction. Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 2014, 7:157-64. 10.2174\/1874473708666150107121331","journal-title":"Curr Drug Abuse Rev"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114548296","article-title":"Pilot study of the 5-HT2AR agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction","volume":"28","author":"Johnson MW","year":"2014","unstructured":"Johnson MW, Garcia-Romeu A, Cosimano MP, Griffiths RR. Pilot study of the 5-HT2AR agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction. J Psychopharmacol. 2014, 28:983-92. 10.1177\/0269881114548296","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8090331","article-title":"Psilocybin as a new approach to treat depression and anxiety in the context of life-threatening diseases-a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials","volume":"8","author":"Vargas AS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vargas AS, Lu\u00eds \u00c2, Barroso M, Gallardo E, Pereira L. Psilocybin as a new approach to treat depression and anxiety in the context of life-threatening diseases-a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Biomedicines. 2020, 8:331. 10.3390\/biomedicines8090331","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022167817709585","article-title":"Patients\u2019 accounts of increased \u2018connection\u2019 and \u2018acceptance\u2019 after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression","volume":"57","author":"Watts R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Watts R, Day C, Krzanowski J, Nutt D, Carhart-Harris R. Patients\u2019 accounts of increased \u2018connection\u2019 and \u2018acceptance\u2019 after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. J Humanist Psychol. 2017, 57:520-64. 10.1177\/0022167817709585","journal-title":"J Humanist Psychol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30065-7","article-title":"Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study","volume":"3","author":"Carhart-Harris RL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carhart-Harris RL, Bolstridge M, Rucker J, et al.. Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016, 3:619-27. 10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30065-7","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-019-05279-z","article-title":"Replication and extension of a model predicting response to psilocybin","volume":"236","author":"Russ SL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Russ SL, Carhart-Harris RL, Maruyama G, Elliott MS. Replication and extension of a model predicting response to psilocybin. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2019, 236:3221-30. 10.1007\/s00213-019-05279-z","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2012.736842","article-title":"Illicit use of LSD or psilocybin, but not MDMA or nonpsychedelic drugs, is associated with mystical experiences in a dose-dependent manner","volume":"44","author":"Lyvers M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lyvers M, Meester M. Illicit use of LSD or psilocybin, but not MDMA or nonpsychedelic drugs, is associated with mystical experiences in a dose-dependent manner. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2012, 44:410-7. 10.1080\/02791072.2012.736842","journal-title":"J Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-52","article-title":"Meta-analyses and Forest plots using a microsoft excel spreadsheet: step-by-step guide focusing on descriptive data analysis","volume":"5","author":"Neyeloff JL","year":"2012","unstructured":"Neyeloff JL, Fuchs SC, Moreira LB. Meta-analyses and Forest plots using a microsoft excel spreadsheet: step-by-step guide focusing on descriptive data analysis. BMC Res Notes. 2012, 5:52. 10.1186\/1756-0500-5-52","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"BioStat Incorporated. Comprehensive meta-analysis. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software (CMA). (2022). Accessed. March 01, 2022: https:\/\/www.meta-analysis.com\/index.php?cart=BQX26545747."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1411","article-title":"Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): an R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments","volume":"12","author":"McGuinness LA","year":"2021","unstructured":"McGuinness LA, Higgins JP. Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): an R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments. Res Synth Methods. 2021, 12:55-61. 10.1002\/jrsm.1411","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.3285","article-title":"Effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy on major depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"78","author":"Davis AK","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davis AK, Barrett FS, May DG, et al.. Effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy on major depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021, 78:481-9. 10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.3285","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116675512","article-title":"Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Ross S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ross S, Bossis A, Guss J, et al.. Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial. J Psychopharmacol. 2016, 30:1165-80. 10.1177\/0269881116675512","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1260","article-title":"Introduction, comparison, and validation of Meta-Essentials: a free and simple tool for meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Suurmond R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Suurmond R, van Rhee H, Hak T. Introduction, comparison, and validation of Meta-Essentials: a free and simple tool for meta-analysis. Res Synth Methods. 2017, 8:537-53. 10.1002\/jrsm.1260","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/122398-psilocybin-as-a-treatment-for-psychiatric-illness-a-meta-analysis","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:42:22Z","timestamp":1707507742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/122398-psilocybin-as-a-treatment-for-psychiatric-illness-a-meta-analysis"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"references-count":34,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.31796","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]}}}